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1–23. Genealogy of the house of Judah. 24–43. Simeon's generation. The fourth chapter, containing genealogical passages from the descendants of Judah, represents, on the one hand, a completion of the genealogical tables of the second chapter, and on the other, is (from v. 24) a translation to the genealogical lists of the tribes of Israel. 1 Chronicles 4:1. The sons of Judah: Perez, Hezrom, Harmi, Hur and Shobal. Apart from Perez, the son of Judah in the proper sense (Gen. 46:12; 1 Chron. 2:4), all the other persons listed in this verse are his further descendants. Hezrom is the son of Perez (Gen.46:12; 1Chron.2:5), grandson of Judah; Harmi is probably the grandson of Zora (1 Chronicles 2:7), the great-grandson of Judah; Hur - son of Caleb and grandson of Hezrom (1 Chronicles 2:16,19), great-great-grandson of Judah, and Shobal - the son of Hur (1 Chronicles 2:50), an even more distant descendant of Judah. The generations descended from the listed persons are the main ones in the tribe of Judah, but not all. Thus, some researchers find it strange to mention Harmi along with Hezrom and Hur, and therefore they suggest that instead of Harmi one should read: Caleb. If such a reading were correct, then we would have in this verse a number of descendants of Judah descended from one another in the line of Hezrom (Hezrom, his son Caleb, Caleb’s son Hur and Hur’s son Shobal: (1 Chronicles 2:5,18,19,50)), and this in turn would say that chapter 4 is devoted to listing the descendants of Hezrom, not mentioned in the 2nd chapter of the book of 1 Chronicles. 1 Chronicles 4:2. Reaiah the son of Shobal begat Jahath; Jahath begat Ahum and Lagad: from them were the tribes of Zoria. Reaiah is the same son of Shobal, named in (1 Chronicles 2:52) Haroi. Jahath, a descendant of Judah through Shobal, is not mentioned anywhere else: on the contrary, this name is known as the name of one of the Levites (1 Chronicles 23:10,24:22; 2 Chronicles 34:12). Likewise, the names of his sons are nowhere to be found. And only the remark: “from them are the tribes of Zorah,” makes it clear that, together with the other sons of Shobal, they were the ancestors of the population of Zorah (1 Chronicles 2:50–53). 1 Chronicles 4:3. And these sons of Etam: Jezreel, Ishma and Idbash, and their sister named Hatzlelponi, 1 Chronicles 4:4. Penuel, the father of Gedor, and Ezer, the father of Cush. These are the sons of Hur, the firstborn of Ephrath, the father of Bethlehem. Etam is a city in the tribe of Judah, south of Bethlehem, at a close distance from it (2 Chronicles 11:6), mentioned in the story of Samson (Judges 15:8). The name of the father of the subsequent ones is given to it as the main city of the district: from it, perhaps, colonies emerged that established the cities named below. Of these, only Jezreel is known, the city of mountainous Judah (Joshua 15:56). The last three names are found only here. The name Penuel is found both as the name of a person from the tribe of Benjamin (1 Chronicles 8:25) and as the name of a city (Gen. 32:33; Judges 8:8), which lay on the east Jordanian side. Gedor is the name of a city (Joshua 15:58), located almost in the middle of the tribe of Judah. The position of Hum, founded by Ezer, is unknown. The phrase “These are the sons of Hur, the father of Bethlehem,” referring to (1 Chronicles 2:51), makes it clear that in the present case his descendants, previously unmentioned, are numbered. 1 Chronicles 4:5. Ahshur, the father of Tekoah, had two wives: Hela and Naara. From (1 Chronicles 2:24) it is clear that Achur was the firstborn of Hezrom from his wife Abijah. 1 Chronicles 4:6. And Naara bare him Ahuzam, Hepher, Timni, and Achashfari; these are the sons of Naara. The name of Naara's first son Ahuzam is not found anywhere else. But Hepher, who, of course, has nothing in common with Hepher the Gileadite (Num. 26:32; 1 Chron. 11:36), can be considered as the ancestor of the population of the southern Judean district of Gepher (1 Kings 4:10), where in an earlier time the Canaanite king ruled (Josh. 12:17). Timni (“man of the south”) probably means the generation of Judah living in the neighborhood of Gepher. The name of Ahashwari is not mentioned anywhere else. 1 Chronicles 4:7. The sons of Hela: Zeref, Zohar and Ethnan. The names of Hela's sons are found only here. 1 Chronicles 4:8. Kotz begat: Anuva and Tsoveva and the tribes of Akharchel, the son of Garum. The connection of the generation of Kots counted in this and the following verses with previous generations remains unknown. The names of his descendants are also not found anywhere, except Anuv. This latter is identified with the name of the southern Jewish city of Anav (Joshua 11:21,15:50), especially since the LXX reads Ἀνιόβ. 1 Chronicles 4:9. Jabez was more famous than his brothers. His mother gave him the name Jabez, saying: I gave birth to him with illness. Judging by the fact that the name Jabez is connected to the previous names with the particle “and,” its owner can be considered a descendant of Kotz, and the city of the same name mentioned in (1 Chronicles 2:55) can be considered the work of his hands. From here follows the assumption of the relationship between Jabez and the persons of Art. 8 with Shoval. The name Jabez - “son of torment”, given to the child in accordance with the exclamation of the mother at his birth, recalls similar exclamations of women of the patriarchal period (Gen. 4: 25, 19: 37, 29: 32, 35). 1 Chronicles 4:11. Helub, the brother of Shuchi, begat Machir; he is Ashton's father. 1 Chronicles 4:12. Eshton begat Beth-Rapha, Paseach, and Tehinna, the father of the city of Naas [brother of Selom Kenezin and Ahazov]; These are the people of Reha. The name of the area is Rekha, its position, as well as the names of the generations living in it, are not found anywhere else. One thing is certain, that “Helub the brother of Shuchi” cannot be identified with Caleb-Helub (1 Chronicles 2:9). 1 Chronicles 4:13. Sons of Kenaz: Othniel and Seraiah. Son of Othniel: Haphath. 1 Chronicles 4:14. Meonothai begat Ophra, and Seraiah begat Joab, the founder of the valley of the carpenters, for they were carpenters. Verses 13–14: Descendants of Kenaz. In (Judges 1:13) Kenaz is called the “younger brother” of Caleb, the son of Jephunneh, a famous spy and contemporary of Moses. And since Caleb belonged to the line of Hezrom (see commentary on (1 Chronicles 2:49)), then, obviously, his brother came from the same generation. Othniel, the son of Kenaz, is the nephew and at the same time the son-in-law of Caleb (Judges 1:12–13), the first judge of Israel (Judges 3:9–10). The name of the second son of Kenaz appears only here; in the time of Zerubbabel it was assigned to one Jew who returned from captivity (1 Ezra 2:2). Although the name Meonothai is not connected with the preceding “Hathaf” by the particle “and,” the Hebrew expression “benei” (sons) standing before the first gives the right to consider both persons the sons of Othniel; neither one nor the other, however, is mentioned anywhere else. Ophra cannot be identified with the city of Ophra of the tribe of Benjamin (Joshua 18:23; 1 Sam. 13:17) and Manasseh (Judges 6:11). The name “valley of the carpenters,” the ancestor of the population of which is Joab, is found in (Nehemiah 11:35) to designate the area lying north of Jerusalem. 1 Chronicles 4:15. The sons of Caleb the son of Jephunneh: Er, Elah, and Naam. Son of Ila: Kenaz. About Caleb the son of Jephunneh, see note. to (1 Chronicles 2:49). Although he is the elder brother of Kenaz (1 Chronicles 4:13), for some reason his genealogy is presented after the genealogy of the younger family. The reason for this may be that the generation of Kenaz, which had such a representative as the judge Othniel, was more glorious than the descendants of Caleb. And, indeed, the names of his descendants are not mentioned anywhere else. 1 Chronicles 4:16. The sons of Jegalelel: Ziph, Zipha, Thiriyah and Asareel. Of the sons of Jegalelel, only Ziph is known as the founder of the population of the city of Judah mentioned by Joshua (Joshua 15:24,55). 1 Chronicles 4:17. The sons of Ezra: Jether, Mered, Ether and Jalon; Jether begat Merom, Shammai, and Ishbach, the father of Eshthemoi. 1 Chronicles 4:18. And his wife Judah bare Jered the father of Gedor, and Heber the father of Soho, and Jekuphiel the father of Zanaoch. These are the sons of Bithya, Pharaoh's daughter, whom Mered took. Ezra's offspring. The name of Ezra, unless one identifies him with Ezer, the father of Hum (1 Chronicles 4:4), is not found anywhere else, but the names of his sons, Jether and Ether, are adopted by members of other generations (1 Chronicles 2:32; 1 Chronicles 5:24). As for Mered, it is assumed that the persons of Art. 17, in addition to his three brothers (Jether, Ether and Jalon), as well as verse 18, are his children, born of two wives - Judah and Pharaoh's daughter Bithiah (v. 18). This guess is based on the following. Verse 18 ends with the remark: These are the sons of Bithiah, Pharaoh's daughter, whom Mered took. And since the Hebrew expression “Vattagor” after the name of verse 17 “Yalon” represents a feminine verbal form (she gave birth), which has no meaning in the absence of a subject in the feminine gender (LXX and the Russian synodal text without any reason translate “Vattagor” into the masculine gender “gave birth” and as the subject add to it the word “Jether”, which is superfluous in comparison with the Hebrew text), then Berthold, Keil and others insert the final words of the article before it. 18: “here are the sons of Bithya...”, and the whole passage reads like this: “here are the sons of Bithya, the daughter of Pharaoh, whom Mered took. She gave birth to Merom, Shammai, etc.” Assuming such an amendment, we will have two generations from Mered: one from his Egyptian wife Bithya (v. 17), the other from the Jewish woman Judah. The son of the first Ishbah, the father of Eshthemoi, who was in the southern part of the inheritance of the tribe of Judah (Joshua 21:14; 1 Sam. 30:28). The children of the second were the ancestors of the inhabitants of Gedor (see comments on 1 Chronicles 4:4), Socho, located in the lowlands southwest of Jerusalem (Joshua 15:35), and Zanoah (Joshua 15:34,56; Neh.3:13,11:30). 1 Chronicles 4:19. The sons of his wife Hodiah, sister of Naham, father of Keilah: Garmi and Eshthemoah - the Maachathite. Russian reading: “sons of his wife Godiya”, Godiya is considered a woman. But, like the name of many Levites of the post-exilic period (Nehemiah 8:7,10:10), Hodiya is a male name, not a female one. The identity of him, his wife, the names of Garmi and Eshfemoah Moahotin are completely unknown. Likewise, the position of Keilah, located in the Judean lowland, is not precisely determined. 1 Chronicles 4:20. Simeon's sons: Amnon, Rinna, Benhanan and Philo. Sons of Ishii: Zohef and Benzohef. The identity of Simeon and his children is completely unknown; Nor can anything be said about their position in the genealogy of the tribe of Judah. Welshausen, without sufficient grounds, assumes that they belong to the line of Esrom. Ishii is mentioned above, in (1 Chronicles 2:31), as a descendant of Jerahmeel and below, (1 Chronicles 4:42), as a descendant of Simeon; but neither one nor the other has a son, Zocheb. Apparently, these are completely different persons. 1 Chronicles 4:21. The sons of Shiloh the son of Judah: Er the father of Lehi, and Laedah the father of Mareshah, and the families of the fine linen makers of the house of Ashbei, 1 Chronicles 4:22. and Jokim, and the inhabitants of Hozavi, and Joash, and Sarath, which had possession in Moab, and Jashubelekhem; but these are ancient events. 1 Chronicles 4:23. They were potters and lived in gardens and orchards; They lived there with the king for his work. The descendants of Shelah, the third son of Judah from the Canaanite daughter of Shueva (1 Chron. 2:3; Gen. 33:5), for some reason missing in (1 Chron. 2). Ira, the father of Lehi, cannot be confused with Ira, the brother of Shelah, the firstborn of Judah, the uncle of Ira of the present verse. Uncle and nephew having the same name was a common occurrence in the generation of Judah (1 Chronicles 2:9,25). Maresha is a city of the tribe of Judah, located in the Sophel Valley (Joshua 15:44; 2 Chron. 11:8; 2 Chron. 14:8,9; Micah 1:15). It is impossible to say what kind of “house of Ashbea” (“house of Esov” according to the LXX reading and “house of the oath” according to the Vulgate, which replaces its own name with a common noun) is. The names “Jokim, the inhabitants of Hozeba” defy explanation. It is assumed that Hozebah is the same as Kezib (Gen. 38:5) - the place of the birthplace of Izela himself. It is also unknown when the descendants of Shelah ruled over Moab. Judging by the remark: “these are ancient matters,” the author himself did not know the time and circumstances of the event he noted. The reading “in the gardens and orchards” represents the translation of the Hebrew proper names “Netaim and Gedera.” There is no way to say what they mean. It is also debatable what kind of king it is: Jewish or Babylonian and Persian. If the latter, then the meaning of the verse is this: some descendants of Judah remained in Babylonia after their relatives received permission to return to their homeland. The section dedicated by the author to the tribe of Simeon (1 Chronicles 4:24–43) is divided into three parts: in the first (1 Chronicles 4:24–27) the five sons of Simeon and the generation of the last of them are counted; the second (1 Chronicles 4:28–33) indicates the places of settlement of the Simeonites before the time of David (1 Chronicles 4:31), and the third (1 Chronicles 4:34–43) talks about their two campaigns, one of which against the Hamites took place under Hezekiah (1 Chronicles 4:41), and the other at an unknown time - to the land of Seir (1 Chronicles 4:42 ). 1 Chronicles 4:24. Simeon's sons: Nemuel, Jamin, Jareb, Zerah and Saul. The five sons of Simeon are also counted in (Num. 26:12–14), with the only difference that the third son is called Jakin there, and Jareb here, which feature is explained by a copyist error. On the contrary, in (Gen.46:10) and (Ex.6:15) six sons of Simeon are indicated. Of these, the third, Ogad, is omitted in the book. Numbers, and in the book. Paralipomenon, probably because he had no offspring. Further, in the first place is Iemuel, to whom we have Nemuel, and in the penultimate place, instead of Zerah, is Tzohar. It is difficult to say which form of these names is more ancient and original; but in any case they are similar. Tzohar means “brilliance”, Zerah means “sunrise”, Nemuel and Iemuel means “garden of God”. 1 Chronicles 4:25. Shallum his son; his son Mivsam; his son Mishma. 1 Chronicles 4:26. The sons of Mishma: Hammuel his son; his son Zakur; his son Shimei. Six generations of Saul, son of Simeon. 1 Chronicles 4:27. Shimei had sixteen sons and six daughters; His brothers had few sons, and their entire tribe was not as numerous as the tribe of the sons of Judah. The statement about the small number of the tribe of Simeon compared to Judah is confirmed by the testimony of the Pentateuch. Namely, in the second year after leaving Egypt, the tribe of Simeon counted 59,300 people over 20 years old, and it ranked third in number, after the tribes of Judin and Dan; but before entering the Promised Land there were only 22,200 people in it, so that it turned out to be the smallest of all the tribes (Numbers 1:22,26:14). Therefore, the Simeonites were always in close alliance with the tribe of Judah, and their inheritance was, as it were, part of the inheritance of Judah (Joshua 19:1,9). The latter circumstance is the reason why the number of Simeonites is compared with the number of the tribe of Judah. 1 Chronicles 4:28. They lived in Beersheba, Molad, Hatzarshual, 1 Chronicles 4:29. in Bilge, in Etzem, in Folad, 1 Chronicles 4:30. in Bethuel, in Hormah, in Ziklag, 1 Chronicles 4:31. in Beth Markaboth, in Hatzarshushim, in Beth Berei and in Shaarim. These are their cities before the reign of David, 1 Chronicles 4:32. with their villages: Etam, Ain, Rimmon, Foken and Ashan - five cities. 1 Chronicles 4:33. And all their villages that were around these cities until Baal; These are their places of residence and their genealogies. The list of most of the cities belonging to the Simeonites coincides with their listing in (Joshua 19:2–8) both in terms of names and in terms of division into two groups: the cities of Art. ( 1 Chron. 4:28–31 ) correspond to cities ( 1 Chron. 4:2–6 ); city ​​st. (1 Chronicles 4:32) – cities (Joshua 4:7). But despite this general similarity, some differences are also noticeable. And first of all, among the cities of the first group we do not have Sheva after Beersheba (Beersheba - (Joshua 4:2)). But in view of the remark (Joshua 19:6) that all the cities were 13, whereas in fact, if you count Sheva, there are 14 of them, you can think that the name Sheva does not mean a city different from Beersheba, but was included in the text of the book. Joshua by mistake, through the repetition of the last component of the word Beersheba. Further, the second smaller group consists of four cities (Joshua 4:7), but not five, as in the book. Chronicles (1 Chronicles 4:32) - the name Phokenes is omitted, but not by mistake, since in both places the number of cities is definitely named. Finally, instead of “Bilga” (1 Chronicles 4:29) in the book. Joshua stands for “Bala” (Joshua 4:3), instead of “Tolad” - “Eltolad”, instead of “Betoel” - “Betol”. It is difficult to say which of these readings is more correct. The remark: “here are their cities before the reign of David” is placed at the end of verse 31, but not 33, perhaps because the changes that have occurred since the time of David in the places of settlement of the Simeonites extended only to the above-mentioned cities, while the villages noted in verses 32 and 33 remained the inalienable property of the tribe of Simeon even after David. The names Ain and Rimmon are used both in this place and in (Joshua 19:7) (cf. Josh. 15:32) as the names of two different cities. Meanwhile, in (Neh. 11:29) En-Rimmon is the name of a city. With this in mind, Mowers and Berthold believe that in the book. Chronicles these names designate one city. But the connection of Ain and Rimmon in En-Rimmon book. Nehemiah is explained either by the proximity of these places, or by their merger in later times into one village. Rimmon lies four hours north of Beersheba, Ain is the name of the well adjacent to Rimmon. Etam is a city in southern Judea, in the region of the tribe of Simeon (Judges 15:8,11). From the passage parallel to this verse (Josh. 19:8) it is clear that the name Baal represents an abbreviation of the name Balaath-Beth, and that the group of villages extending to this point bore the name of southern Ramah, with which southern Ramoth is undoubtedly identical (1 Sam. 30:27). Keil believes this area is not far from Hebron, and the newest geographers are on the southwestern shore of the Dead Sea, along the caravan road leading to Hebron. “These are their places of residence and their genealogies” - although the tribe of Simeon was given an inheritance in the region of the tribe of Judah, it had its own cities and a separate reckoning of its generations from Judah. 1 Chronicles 4:34. Meshobab, Jamlech, and Josiah the son of Amaziah, 1 Chronicles 4:35. Joel and Jehu the son of Joshua the son of Seraiah the son of Asiel, 1 Chronicles 4:36. Elioenai, Jacob, Ishochaiah, Asaiah, Adiel, Ishimiel and Benaiah, 1 Chronicles 4:37. and Zizah the son of Shephia, the son of Allon, the son of Jedaiah, the son of Shimri, the son of Shemaiah. 1 Chronicles 4:38. These named were the princes of their tribes, and the house of their fathers was divided into many branches. These verses hardly represent a new genealogy of the generations of the tribe of Simeon; there is no connection between them and (1 Chronicles 4:24–27). It is more natural to think that the persons listed in them (“the princes of their tribes” - verse 38) were the leaders of the Simeonites in their campaign mentioned below (1 Chronicles 4:39-41). 1 Chronicles 4:41 vouches for this. With his expression: “and they came by their names,” he refers to the words of verse 38: “these who were named were the princes of their tribes.” Those named stood at the head of the campaign, and they are persons (1 Chron. 4:34-37). The immediate reason for the campaigns, which ended with the settlement of the Simeonites in the conquered areas (1 Chronicles 4:41,43), is, as one might think, their proliferation and the lack of free places in the places of initial settlement: “the house of their fathers was divided into many branches” (38 v.). 1 Chronicles 4:39. They reached Gerara and the eastern side of the valley to find pastures for their flocks; 1 Chronicles 4:40. and they found rich and good pastures and a vast, calm and safe land, because before them only a few Hamites had lived there. The area that the Simeonites reached is called “Gedor” in the Hebrew text, and “Gerara” in the LXX. The first is known as the city of mountainous Judea (Joshua 15:58), but it cannot be understood in the present case: this is prevented by the remark of Art. 40 that the Simeonites occupied the plain, an area open on all sides, which mountainous Judea cannot be. The Greek reading “before Gerara” is more consistent with the character of the region he conquered. Gerar is the capital of the Philistines (Gen. 26:6,17), who lived in the lowlands and plains. The assumption about the invasion of the Simeonites into the Philistines is in perfect harmony with the indication (1 Chronicles 4:41) that this campaign took place under Hezekiah. As is known, the latter inflicted a terrible defeat on the Philistines (2 Kings 18:8); and therefore there is nothing incredible that the Simeonites took advantage of their weakening for their own aggressive purposes. 1 Chronicles 4:42. Of these, from the sons of Simeon, five hundred men went to Mount Seir: Phelatiah, Neariah, Rephaiah, and Uzziel, the sons of Ishiah, were at their head; 1 Chronicles 4:43. and they killed the remnant of the Amalekites that were left there, and they live there to this day. There is no way to determine the time of the second trip. Judging by the fact that the story about him is placed after the story about the campaign from the time of Hezekiah, then we can think that it fell on a later period. The Simeonites defeated “the remnant of the Amalekites who survived in Seir,” i.e. those Amalekites who somehow escaped from the defeat inflicted on them by Saul and David (1 Samuel 14:48,15:7; 2 Samuel 8:12). “Until this day” - not until the day of the life of the author of the book. Chronicles, and until the day of the life of the compiler of those sources from which the first draws his information. You might be interested in: