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1–10. The offspring of Reuben. 11–17. Offspring of Gad. 18–22. War of the tribes of Reuben, Gad and the half-tribe of Manasseh with the Arab tribes. 23–24. Half tribe of Manasseh. 25–26. Taking three East Jordanian tribes into captivity. 1 Chronicles 5:1. The sons of Reuben, the firstborn of Israel, he is the firstborn; but when he desecrated his father’s bed, his primacy was given to the sons of Joseph, the son of Israel, so as not to be considered the firstborn; The remark of this verse that Reuben lost the right of birthright for desecrating his father's bed is found in (Gen. 49:4), but nowhere is it said about the transfer of primacy to Joseph, although this is assumed (Gen. 48:5-6), where both of his sons are given an inheritance, so that Joseph, in the person of his two sons, received, as having the right of birthright, a double inheritance (Deut. 21:17). 1 Chronicles 5:2. because Judah was the strongest of his brothers, and the leader was from him, but the primacy was transferred to Joseph. The sons of Joseph were not written as firstborn because they did not have the data for such a right of primacy as the right of power. It is based on strength, and the strongest in both numbers and influence was Judah (Gen. 49:8; Judg. 1:2), and from his tribe came the representatives of power - the kings (1 Sam. 13:14, 25:30). 1 Chronicles 5:3. The sons of Reuben, the firstborn of Israel: Hanoch, Pallu, Hezron and Harmi. The sons of Reuben are numbered in the same order (Gen.46:9; Exod.6:14; Num.26:5–7). 1 Chronicles 5:4. The sons of Joel: Shemaiah his son; his son Gog, his son Shimei, 1 Chronicles 5:5. his son Micah, his son Reaiah, his son Baal, 1 Chronicles 5:6. his son Beerah, whom Tiglathellaser, king of Assyria, carried into captivity. He was the prince of the Reubenites. The descendants of Joel are the only line that has survived in a certain era for several generations. The seven names listed here are found in other places in the Old Testament, but nowhere as names of the descendants of Reuben. It is also unknown from whom Joel came. The Hebrew word “beno” (his son) after the name “Shemai” was understood by the LXX as the proper name Βαναία and therefore inserted a new descendant of Reuben between Shemai and Gog. Beerah, taken into captivity by Tiglathellaser (see verse 1 Chronicles 5:26 below), was not the prince of the entire tribe, but only of the family from which he came. 1 Chronicles 5:7. And his brothers, according to their tribes, according to their genealogical list, were: the chief Jeiel, then Zechariah, 1 Chronicles 5:8. and Bela the son of Azaz the son of Shema the son of Joel. He dwelt in Aroer before Nebo and Baal-meon; Although the persons named in these verses are called Be'er's brothers, they are actually his elder relatives. This is evident from the remark about Bel. He was descended from Joel in the third generation, while Beerah was in the seventh. But why the older line is counted after the younger one is impossible to say. Aroer - modern Araer at the Arnone stream (Deut. 3:12). Nebo is a mountain in the Abarim range opposite Jericho (Numbers 32:38,33:47). Baal-meon is an area mentioned by Moses along with Nebo (Num. 32:38). In the book. Joshua (Joshua 13:15–20) the extent of the inheritance of the tribe of Reuben in the northern direction seems to be more extensive, since a number of other cities belonged to the Reubenites north of Baal Meon. The eastern border of the tribe's inheritance was in contact with the desert separating Gilead from the Euphrates. 1 Chronicles 5:9. and to the east he dwelt until he entered the wilderness coming from the river Euphrates, because their flocks were numerous in the land of Gilead. 1 Chronicles 5:10. In the days of Saul they waged war against the Hagarites, who fell at their hands, and they began to live in tents throughout the eastern side of Gilead. According to (1 Chronicles 5:20) the Hagarites were enemies of all the East Jordanian tribes. The similarity of the name makes them considered descendants of Hagar, Abraham's concubine. This is confirmed by the fact that in (1 Chronicles 5:20) they are mentioned along with the undoubted descendants of her son Ishmael (see note to 1 Chronicles 5:20). In the Syriac and Arabic translations, instead of “Hagarians” there is “Arabs, inhabitants of Sakka”, in the LXX it is “newcomers”. Both readings are the same. The word Sakka is related to the Hebrew “bitch” - “hut”. Arab nomads lived in tents, which is why they could have been newcomers to the borders of the Reubenite possessions. If we follow the context, then not all the Reubenites should be considered the winners of the Hagarites, but only Bela’s generation. But this is hampered by the fact that Bel in (1 Chronicles 5:8,9) is spoken of in the singular, while in verse 10 the plural is used. 1 Chronicles 5:11. The sons of Gad lived opposite them in the land of Bashan as far as Salcha: 1 Chronicles 5:12. in Bashan Joel was the chief, Shaphan the second, then Jaanai and Shaphat. 1 Chronicles 5:13. Their brothers and their families were seven: Michael, Meshullam, Sheba, Joray, Jaakan, Ziya and Eber. 1 Chronicles 5:14. These are the sons of Abichail, the son of Huri, the son of Jaroah, the son of Gilead, the son of Michael, the son of Ieshishai, the son of Jahdo, the son of Buz. 1 Chronicles 5:15. Ahi, the son of Abdiel, the son of Guniev, was the head of his clan. 1 Chronicles 5:16. They dwelt in Gilead, in Bashan and its towns, and in all the surroundings of Sharon, until their exodus. 1 Chronicles 5:17. All of them are listed in the days of Jotham king of Judah, and in the days of Jeroboam king of Israel. Genealogy of Gad. The common life of the tribe of Gad with Reuben on the east Jordanian side, common wars with the Hagarites (1 Chronicles 5:10, 19-20) and the same fate (1 Chronicles 5:26) are the reason why the genealogy of Gad is set out after the genealogy of Reuben. The tribe of Gad lived in the middle of Gilead, which formed the southern part of the possessions of Og of Bashan (Deut. 3:12–13), north of Reuben. Salkha lies 6–7 hours away from Botsra and 30 hours east from Jordan. About the inheritance of the tribe of Gad (see Joshua 13:24–28). It remains completely unclear why the immediate descendants of Gad are not listed (Gen. 46:16), and in what relation the persons in this verse stand to them. What is certain is that both they and those mentioned below lived either at the beginning of the 7th BC under Jeroboam II, or half a century later - under Jotham of Judah (1 Chronicles 5:17). According to (Deut. 3:12), the tribe of Gad did not live in all of Gilead, but only in one half of it; the other was given to the half-tribe of Manasseh (Deut. 3:13). As for Bashan, according to (Josh. 13:30), all of it was given to the descendants of Manasseh, which is why the testimony of this verse is in conflict with this testimony. To eliminate it, they usually refer to the fact that the settlement of parts of Bashan by Gadites falls at a later time. As shepherds, they could occupy positions that were unnecessary for the Manassites. “Sharon,” of course, is not the Saran Valley, which lies on the Mediterranean Sea between Caesarea and Joppa, since nowhere is there any indication not only of permanent settlement here by the descendants of Gad, but even of a temporary stay as nomads, but the area of the same name on the East Jordanian side. Some identify it with Sirion (Deut. 3:9). History does not indicate to which period of the reign of Jeroboam and Jotham the listings of the Gadites belong. The first is dated to the time after the victory over the Syrians (2 Kings 14:25), the second to the time after the defeat of the Ammonites (2 Chronicles 27:5). 1 Chronicles 5:18. The descendants of Reuben and Gad and the half-tribe of Manasseh had a warlike people, men who carried shield and sword, shot arrows and were accustomed to battle, forty-four thousand seven hundred and sixty who went out to war. The observation about the warlike nature of the descendants of Reuben, Manasseh and Gad is confirmed (1 Chron. 12:8,21), and the number of those capable of war (44,760) coincides with the number shown in (Josh. 4:12-13) (about 40,000), and is much less than noted in the book. Numbers: 46,500 - Reubenites, 45,650 - Gadites and 32,200 - Manassetes (Numbers 1:21,25,35; cf. Numbers 26:7,18,34). But this disagreement can be reconciled by the consideration that under Moses, everyone capable of war was unconditionally counted, as required by the conquest of Canaan, and in the book. Joshua and 1 book. Chronicles only the bravest and most warlike. 1 Chronicles 5:19. And they fought with the Hagarites, Jetur, Naphish and Nadab. Jetur and Naphish are two nations descended from Ishmael (1 Chronicles 1:31; Gen. 25:15). Judging by (1 Chronicles 5:10), the war with these tribes falls during the reign of Saul. The history of his reign does not mention this event because he did not take part in it. But, judging by the fact that Saul defeated the Moabites and Ammonites neighboring Gilead (1 Samuel 14:47), one can think that the victories of two and a half tribes over the nomadic Arab tribes also fell at the same time. 1 Chronicles 5:21. And they took their herds: fifty thousand camels, two hundred and fifty thousand flocks, two thousand donkeys, and one hundred thousand human souls, 1 Chronicles 5:22. because many fell slain, since this battle was from God. And they lived in their place before the resettlement. The enormous amount of spoils is reminiscent of the victory over the Midianites (Num. 31:11,32) and is explained by the multitude of those killed. In the occupied areas, two and a half tribes lived “before the resettlement,” i.e. before their resettlement by Tiglathelassar (1 Chronicles 5:26). 1 Chronicles 5:23. The descendants of the half-tribe of Manasseh lived in that land, from Bashan to Baal-Hermon and Senir and to Mount Hermon; and there were many of them. According to testimony (Josh. 13:30), the half-tribe of Manasseh received all of Bashan as an inheritance; This verse indicates the northern boundary of his dominion. They extended to Baal-Hermon, or, according to (Josh. 13:5), Baal-Gad, who was located at Mount Hermon, Senira, which name, according to (Ezek. 27:8), designates one part of Hermon, and according to (Deut. 3:9) is the Ammorite name for the whole of Hermon. The vastness of the area occupied by the half-tribe of Manasseh (see Joshua 13:30–31) corresponds to its largeness: “they were many.” And indeed, at the second count in the time of Moses, there were 52,700 people capable of war in the tribe of Manasseh. 1 Chronicles 5:24. And these are the heads of their generations: Ether, Ishii, Eliel, Azriel, Jeremiah, Hodabiah and Jagdiel, mighty men, famous men, the heads of their families. The names of the descendants of Manasseh are not found anywhere else. 1 Chronicles 5:25. But when they sinned against the God of their fathers and began to walk prostitutes after the gods of the nations of the land, whom God had driven out from before them, 1 Chronicles 5:26. Then the God of Israel stirred up the spirit of Thul king of Assyria, and the spirit of Tiglathellaser king of Assyria, and he deported the Reubenites and the Gadites and half the tribe of Manasseh, and took them to Halah, and Habor, and Ara, and to the river Gozan, where they are to this day. The message about the taking of the Trans-Jordanian tribes into captivity by Tiglathellaser is a reproduction of the legend (2 Kings 15:29) about the conquest of Gilead by these kings, which ended with the resettlement of its inhabitants to Assyria. As can be seen from the same (2 Kings 15–16), this event falls during the reign of Ahaz of Judah and Pekah of Israel: to protect against the invasion of the latter, in alliance with Rezin, the first Tiglathellaser was invited to Judea (2 Kings 16:7). In addition to him, our verse mentions, in accordance with (2 Kings 15:19), also about Thula, king of Assyria, a contemporary of Menaim. From the point of view of the book. Kings and 1 Chronicles are two different kings. But in the Assyrian canon of epanims, which represents a list of Assyrian kings of this period, Fula does not appear, and Assyriologists recognize beyond doubt the fact that under these names lies one and the same person. For the places of settlement of captives, see note. to (2 Kings 17:6). You might be interested in: