Книги певчие

Singing books in the Russian church already in the 11th-12th centuries. represented a full circle and have survived to this day in sufficient quantities. So, from the XI-XIV centuries. More than 30 manuscripts with musical notations (hook) are known; they are stored in various libraries of Moscow (Typographical, Synodal) and St. Petersburg (Imperial Public, Academy of Sciences, Theological Academy, etc.). These were the Irmologists, Kondakari, Stichirari, Menaion, Lenten Triodion and Colored. XIV and XV centuries. are presented somewhat poorer, but the 16th and especially the 17th centuries. enriched church singing with such types of music books, which in their totality exhaust the entire content of liturgical singing. The choir Octoechos, which was absent (not preserved?) in the first period of the existence of the Russian church, is now becoming, along with the stichiraries and irmologists, the most commonly used book; an even more necessary book appears - Daily Life, with a division into Great, Small and Lenten; then in 1549 Trezvony are held, that is, services to the saints for the whole year, the content of the Triodion of Lenten and Colored people increases. Finally, in the seventeenth century. are the Feasts and general Menaions, as well as various and numerous collections. All these are books of the Kryuk Znamenny (excluding Kondakar) script. The composition of singing books changes significantly during the transition from monophonic znamenny singing to choral singing with a linear note system. Choral singing books are: Octoechos, Holidays, Trezvon, Triodion, then the Services of God, i.e. Liturgies, collections of concerts, and partly Daily Life. In the South Russian church it developed by the 17th century. a special type of the only church music book that covered all church services, the so-called. The great Irmologion, which usually began with everyday life (or octoechus) and, in addition, contained imology and holidays. The first printed book of music is the Irmologion, published by the Lvov Stavropegial Brotherhood in 1700, also partly with Khomov and Iosifov texts. In Moscow, chanting books were printed only in 1772 at the Synodal Printing House, namely: Obikhod, Irmologii, Oktoich and Holidays. In 1778, the Abbreviated Code of Musical Church Singing was added to them, which was replaced in 1887 by the Educational Code. The singing triodion has been published as a special book only since 1891. During numerous subsequent editions (especially in recent decades), various corrections and additions were made to printed books; The very melodies of the chants were equally subject to editorial corrections. However, in comparison with the singing books of the 17th century, printed books hardly provide even a small fraction of the wealth of sung texts and melodies themselves that is contained in manuscripts. A special collection of singing books of the last three centuries is the library of manuscripts at the Synodal School of Church Singing in Moscow.