122. Наставление духовнику о принятии кающихся

This and the next two articles (Nos. 123 and 124), judging by their content and language, must belong to ancient times; but the oldest lists of them go back no further than the end of the 15th century. – The instruction to the confessor or, according to the manuscripts, “Preface to repentance” was published according to two Solovetsky lists in the Orthodox Church. Interview. 1860, part I, pp. 350–358; the newest edition, made from several lists of the 15th century and in two editions, is from Sreznevsky in Malizv. Memorial No. LIX. Now published according to the Novgorod copy of the 15th century, now St. Petersburg. Spirit. Academician No. 1285, l. 122–125. Despite some errors, it is more correct than others in the sense that it represents fewer later amendments in the language of the precious monument. Preface to repentance, the rule of the holy conciliar fathers of the entire universe It befits a bishop to be thoughtful, and intelligent, and wise in the teachings of the books, and faithful in everything, as Paul said to Timothy: “Be sober in everything.” This is how a priest should be; If not, then it is not proper to be a herer, even if he is holy: he is still ignorant and senseless. For ignorance and sin are more evil: those who have sinned, truly repenting, are saved; and the foolish, having lost their way in the book’s scripture, not having a sober and sound mind, fall into heresy and perish. 3091 For one learns books from one another, but God gives intelligence to the one who wants to - to the one who keeps his commandments. The Pritochnik said: “If you desire wisdom, give it the commandments of Christ, and the Lord will give it to you.” And the Prophet said: “The Lord created wisdom and will give it to those who love him”; and “wisdom cannot fit into a cunning soul,” nothing can be rooted in a deed defiled by drunkenness, or even more so by unrighteous wealth. There are two causes of [all] evil in the seventh century, the hedgehog remaining from hostility: drunkenness and unrighteous [meeting; and unrighteous] 3092 but the gathering is worse than drunkenness: for fear one will sleep through drunkenness now, but the wealth of the unrighteous [is] not possible 3093 to sleep through. If a drunkard comes to repentance, he will only remain drunk; and if he wants to repent, then, before repentance, shake off that evil collection from himself, and then give again from where it was collected: if not, then give a hundredfold, also come to repentance and be forgiven; Either way, then neither. If anyone wants to come to repentance, then do not look for the priest according to his own heart, who acts in indulgence, and weakly teaches, and does not bind with penance: if the priest does not bind, eternal bonds await us. Yes, look for an intelligent priest, and before that confess your sins to God. Yes, such a priest teaches you goodness; But you, accept it firmly, keep the commandments, and you will be saved. The question is about repentance: “Is it good to confess sins to your spiritual fathers?” The answerer said: “It is good, child, and useful, but not without experience.” 3095 Whether the priest is rude, or ignorant, or a drunkard, or proud, then the priest is the one who abuses you 3096, and is careless, and lazy, and weakened to create you. About such people the Lord spoke: “Woe to you, hypocrite Pharisees, blind scribes, for you go around the sea and the earth, and create one stranger, the son of the wilds of fire, worse than you. Woe to you, you blind leaders, who create evil for those who want to be saved.” If you find a spiritual and reasonable husband, then confess to him without hesitation, not as to a man, but as to God. Be obedient, according to the Lord’s word spoken to the Apostles: “He who listens to you, listens to me; If he doesn’t listen to you, he won’t listen to me.” If you don’t listen to the priest who punishes what is good, why should you repent? Even if you do this, you will not be forgiven of your sins. Christ says this: “man, if you want to be saved, then remain your own wills and accept the will of him who teaches you the good commandments and, having accepted, you will be saved; Either way, then neither.” For one cannot be saved by the word of confession, nor by deeds following, nor by avenging the satanic deeds of all, as we were swept away in baptism: then we shall be called thee a liar, and not the servants of God. It is necessary 3097 to listen to the priest’s lies and perish for the sins of others. If you listen again, you will be saved, and the priests will receive a reward from God. And the porter, not listening to the helmsman, will sink the boat: so repent, not listening to the teacher, seeming good, then there is destruction; And if you don’t manage well, the feedman will not only drown his property, but he himself will drown; Tako and Popin, not knowing how to teach, and he himself died. Yes, for this reason it is fitting for a priest to be reasonable, and intelligent, and wise, and for the repentant to be meek, humble, and submissive: and in this way God will bring all the peasants into eternal life, such are the creatures. But you, here, servant of Christ our Lord God, do not fear, nor doubt, nor be ashamed of the face of man, even if you are a king, a prince, a judge, or a warrior: for you are ordained by God, and you are a servant of God and a servant of Christ, so that with boldness you do the commandment of God, and His commandments are commanded to all the faithful, to obedient people for salvation. If a man has already come to you, and we eat him, bring him into a secret place and cleanly, and sit down with him, talk with him before he confesses, and test about him, does he repent with all his heart, and with all his soul and thought, and with all his faith, and will he begin to want to accept the commandments of the Lord, or to do what you have commanded, with a joyful heart and cheerful? Yes, if it begins to be as you want, then accept it; If not, then do not perish with the sins of others, but worry about your soul. If you do not accept a good and obedient person, you will not teach him, if you are a great sinner, half obedient: then you are condemned to be with the evil ones, even if you are holy. Begin to tell this story from the beginning, even until now, with a quiet face and a meek heart and cheerful, and according to these words, come to him: “It is good for you, little brother, to come and repent to the merciful God and our Lord Jesus Christ, who takes away the sins of the whole world: and yours, child, will take away, if you repent with all your heart and begin to do his will: then and I am, child, I will be, a sinner, a listener and a teacher, with God’s help. Yes, child, the first thing I ask you is: what is your rank, and what is your work, and what kind of things do you do?” Yes, whatever he says, you say to him: “Do you want, child, to do the will of God with love? and [for] having received his commandments 3098 firmly, abide in the commandments of the Lord with faith, trust in God, and having kept his commandments, you will be saved and in the next century will rejoice with the saints, and 3099 there will be no end to the joy; But for those who did not do the will of God, nor walked according to the commandments of Christ, there is no end to torment. Yes, if you want, child, to be in eternal life, then the first thing I will tell you, my dear child, beloved by God: turn away from drunkenness, not drinking; open yourself to gluttony, not food; turn away from fornication, and not from legal marriage; Open yourself to unrighteous possessions, and do not bury what is righteous, nor give mercy to the poor; open the korchma, cook and drink the korchma; open up to give in the cut, and give to God by dividing. And if you previously had invoices, or obtained something else by untruth, whether through slander, or unjust bribery, or robbery, or slander, or slander, or the slander of someone else's property, or acquired property, and other all unrighteous property, note from yourself, either stolen, or obtained in robbery, or robbed in a fire: the same is all unrighteous property return it to those whose it was; Otherwise, to give back to the poor a hundredfold, stolen goods - tenfold, and repossessed - a hundredfold, as well as all forced property. And to be rich in 3100 righteous possessions, and from this to give to the poor, and to gain the mercy of God, just as Solomon said: “Honor the Lord from your righteous labors; Either way, then neither.” And so it is most woeful for those who are deprived of 3101 redemption from work: but they have more to see mercy, not having mercy on the man created by the hand of God, [n]lower than 3102 having been satisfied with the price determined, and also not from the law of God, but also adding grief to the grief of their souls, not only destroying their souls, but also listening to those who rise up for them and helping their evil, and also dragging judges 3103 into their evil with many bribes and great gifts. If someone was in ignorance, he wants to escape eternal torment, but he will return to those who had the same punishment, and he will escape eternal torment and will be a partaker of eternal life with all the saints. Just like someone who sells grains, but having given only so much they can take back; If not, then living souls will find earth and salt, with which they can stand before God for judgment. Likewise, if anyone redeems himself for freedom, he will give as much on himself as is given on him; then, being free, you get children, then they will begin to persecute them: then they will be found selling innocent blood, and that blood will be exacted before God at a terrible judgment at their hands; It would be better for them not to be born 3104, [n]else fall into insurmountable 3105 torment. To this Christ himself is the witness and listener, having redeemed us from the work of the devil with his blood and from human untruth and malice 3106, by the teaching of the Holy Spirit, accepting his most pure commandments, to do his will and truth in people, and thus obtain mercy from God. For the Lord Himself said: “There is no mercy for those who have not shown mercy; even at the judgment they will have mercy.” In the same way, all those who are faithful and sensible, if they return their unrighteous property again to the same thing, will not only get rid of their sins, but will also be honored with eternal life. Yes, my son, I heard you: “What you have, child, from a righteous possession and an evil meeting, then give again from yourself the same, that is, what happened, and mark from yourself all unrighteousness, and then come to pure repentance, and God will forgive you for all your sin and save you; and I will accept you, and I will be your father and teacher. Go, child, and do it quickly, in one hour, and when you return, come to the greyhound, having done what was commanded, and repent; Do you want, son, to do what I commanded, not by me, but by our Lord Jesus Christ? If you don’t want to do this, I will not be guilty of untruth, nor will I listen to lies.” Yes, he denies this, this or that, and even if he denies what is good, then joyfully bless it and accept it; If he doesn’t care about this punishment, then say to him: “Go, man, look for a father according to your desire and heart, and such an indulger as you want: and both here will enjoy their desires, but in the future there will be no good deeds for others. 3107 We, dear ones, are more aggravated sinners than all people; we do not want to perish with the sins of others: for they are the sins of others, and they repent, but evil will not cease. 3108 If we had quickly repented, having swept away all evil untruths from ourselves, then we too, praying with you to God for our sins, have found remission of sins and received eternal life in Christ Jesus our Lord.” 3109 It is appropriate to lead, as the preface 3110 words about repentance are not appropriate for a foolish priest to maintain honor before people, but one who is smart and knows how to teach good, but one who does not know how to accept no one for repentance: neither does a blind man lead a blind man; It makes great sense to torture a repentant person with a preface about repentance. If a person repents, he will not first have been enriched by an unrighteous assembly, and then he will be thin and poor, and will have nothing to give: we command such people not to ascend to the same creation, but to remain only to pray for this to the merciful God with tears and with weeping and kneeling, in tenderness, until the departure of their souls; n by strength, and not 3112 through force: and the sick 3113 orphan, whether weak, or labored, or what, may the wise priest receive all this from the repentant. The other instruction is given by John Mnich, a disciple of St. Basil 3114, for the need of those who repent, about Christ Jesus our Lord, to whom be glory forever and ever, amen. This place in the “Preface to Repentance” is already referred to by the author of an ancient Russian teaching found in the same collection (l. 26–30), under the title: “The Word of St. John Chrysostom about false teachers.” Proving the need for “book teaching,” the author, among other things, says: “having unbent (the books) we will find in them the path of salvation... this same holy path begins: The Holy Fathers teach in the preface of pure teaching and repentance... If anyone is holy and does not follow such a path, the beginning of repentance is the limit of him, holiness will be taken away from him and given to him who follows that path, let us perceive the limit of repentance” (l. 28 a). The pass has been restored for Sreznevsk. weakly Sreznevsk; Solov cannot. paw - narrower, more; omitted in the Sreznevsky and Solovetsky lists. The question and answer are read almost literally from one of the Greek canonists of the 11th century - Peter chartophylax: ἠμῶν πνευματικοῖς ἀνδράσιν; – Καλόν μὲν καὶ πάνυ ὠφέλιμον, ἀλλὰ μὴ τοΐς ἀπείρως καὶ ἰδιωτικῶς περὶ τὰ τοιαῦτα διακειμένοις (Σύντ. καν. vol. V, pp. 372–373). You will receive it in manuscript; Srezn. will you accept? Corrected: in accordance with the second part of the period (“and not having created. [Srezn. “but having not created”] the will of God... there is no end to torment”). In the manuscript in; corrected by Srezn. And for the righteous, Srezn has options. Handwritten or; corrected according to Srezn. and Solov. In the manuscript, that ray was not born to them; corrected by Srezn. and Solov. impassable Cutting; they smolder with the fire of impenetrable torment of Solov. Both have been updated. anger Srezn. at Solov's. Miklosic has malice and malice in his Lexicon. virtues Srezn.: good deeds Solovetsk. will not leave Srezn. and Solov. – updated. This ends the Solovetsky list and the main text of Sreznevsky’s first text. There is a “preface” in the manuscript. Scribe of the late 15th century. could easily mistake e for y. If there is no further pass, then this is not superfluous. Without it, the meaning is clear: “if a penitent was formerly rich by an unrighteous collection, and then became poor, so that he has nothing to distribute, then punish him so that he does not return to his previous deeds” (i.e., to the unrighteous collection of wealth). Is it in the manuscript? corrected according to the version given at the end of the first text by Sreznevsky. In the manuscript and boliy; It seems that you need to read: pain (sick), whether... Of course, the well-known nomocanon of John the Faster, which Cyric already used in his “Questions” (see chapters 71, 78, 83) and which in the older Slavic copies, in agreement with the Greek, was inscribed: “John of Mnich, a child in the obedience of St. Basil, about confession,” etc. (Description. Roman. Music. p. 277). The Russian monument has something else in common with this nomocanon. You might be interested in: