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1–22. Celebration of Passover in the 18th year of King Josiah. 23–24. A general note about the reign of Josiah. 25–34. Josiah's war with the Egyptian pharaoh and the death of Josiah. 34–36. Jehoiachin's reign. 37–42. The reign of Joachim and the invasion of Nebuchadnezzar. 43–45. Jehoiachin's reign. 46–58. The reign of Zedekiah and the beginning of the Babylonian captivity. 2Ezra 1:1 And Josiah kept the passover to his Lord in Jerusalem, and they killed the passover lamb on the fourteenth day of the first month, 1. On the fourth day of the first month, i.e. Nisan, the first month of the church year. The first month of the civil year was Tisri. 2Ezra 1:2 Having appointed the priests in rows in vestments in the church of the Lord. 2Ezra 1:3 And he said to the Levites, the priests of Israel, Sanctify yourselves to the Lord, that you may set up the holy ark of the Lord in the church which King Solomon the son of David built. 3. And he spoke to the Levites, the priests (ίεροδουλοις) of Israel. The writer uses the name ίεροδουλος in a general sense, without meaning the non-Phinim, who are usually called by this name. In the corresponding place, 2 Paragraphs of LXX read: then ίς δυνατοίς. 2Ezra 1:4 You will not need to take him for ramen; serve now the Lord your God, and take care of His people Israel, and arrange yourself according to your generations and generations, according to the order of David king of Israel, and according to the splendor of Solomon his son, 3–4. Sanctify yourself to place the holy ark of the Lord in the church. You won't need to take it for ramen. The Ark of the Covenant had been in the church since the time of Solomon (1 Kings VIII.6). Therefore, the quoted words of Art. 3–4 raise bewilderment. Michaelis and Mowers resolve this bewilderment by suggesting that under Josiah's predecessors, the wicked kings Manasseh and Ammon, the ark of the covenant was taken somewhere from the church as a warning against desecration. 2Ezra 1:5 And standing in the sanctuary, according to the ranks of your Levitical families, before your brethren the children of Israel, 2Ezra 1:6 Kill the Passover lamb according to the statute, and prepare sacrifices for your brothers, and keep the Passover according to the commandment of the Lord given to Moses. 2Ezra 1:7 And Josiah gave as a gift to the people that were there, thirty thousand lambs and goats, and three thousand bulls; this was given by vow from the king's flocks to the people and to the priests and Levites. 2Ezra 1:8 And Hilkiah and Zechariah and Jehiel, the rulers of the church, gave to the priests for the passover two thousand six hundred sheep and three hundred oxen. 8. Mentioned in Art. 8 Hilkiah is the high priest Hilkiah, who found the book of the Law under King Josiah (2 Kings XXII). Zechariah and Jeel, named in v. 8, were rulers in the church. In other places they usually talk about one commander. 2Ezra 1:9 And Jeconiah, and Shemei, and Nathaniel his brother, and Asavi, and Ohiel, and Joram, the captains of thousands, gave to the Levites for the passover five thousand sheep and seven hundred oxen. 9 . In 2 Chronicles XXXV, other names are given: Choaniah (instead of Jehoiachin), Shemaiah (instead of Shemaiah), Nathanael (instead of Nathaniel), Hashabiah (instead of Asaviah), Jeiel (instead of Ohiel), Jozaphad (instead of Joram). These persons are called chiefs of thousands. But, according to 2 Chronicles XXXV:9, they were the leaders of the Levites. 2Ezra 1:10 And while this was happening, the priests and Levites stood splendidly according to generation and ancestry, holding unleavened bread before the people, 2Ezra 1:11 to offer sacrifices to the Lord as prescribed in the book of Moses. And this was in the early days. 11. And this was in the early days. It's about sacrifice. 2Ezra 1:12 And they roasted the Passover lamb on the fire, as it was necessary, and boiled the sacrifices in copper vessels and cauldrons with incense, and took them to all the people. 2Ezra 1:13 And after this they prepared for themselves and for the priests, their brothers, the sons of Aaron. 2Ezra 1:14 For the priests brought the fat until it was late, and therefore the Levites prepared it for themselves and for the priests, their brothers, the sons of Aaron. 2Ezra 1:15 And the holy singers, the sons of Asaph, were in their places, according to the ordinance of David, and Asaph, and Zechariah, and Eddinus, who was from the king. 15. And Asaph and Zechariah and Eddinus. In 2 Chronicles XXXV the names are in the birthright. case (“according to the establishment of David, Asaph”, etc.), and instead of Zechariah it is called Heman and instead of Eddinus - Idifun. Instead of “which is from the king” (ό παρά τού βασιλ.) it is better in accordance with the code. 11, 44, 55, 58, 71, 74, 106 and Sir. read “which are from the king” (οί παρά τού βασ.). 2Ezra 1:16 And the gatekeepers at each gate were not allowed to leave their turn, because their brothers the Levites were preparing for them. 2Ezra 1:17 And on that day everything that belonged to the sacrifice of the Lord at the Passover was finished, 2Ezra 1:18 and to offer burnt offerings on the altar of the Lord, according to the commandment of King Josiah. 2Ezra 1:19 And the children of Israel, who were there at that time, kept the Passover and the Feast of Unleavened Bread seven days. 2Ezra 1:20 And such a passover had not been celebrated in Israel since the time of Samuel the prophet. 2Ezra 1:21 And not one of all the kings of Israel kept such a passover as Josiah, and the priests, and the Levites, and the Jews, and all the Israelites who were at that time residing in Jerusalem. 2Ezra 1:22 In the eighteenth year of the reign of Josiah this Passover was celebrated. 2Ezra 1:23 And the works of Josiah were rightly directed before the Lord from a heart full of piety. 2Ezra 1:24 Now what happened with him is described in the previous chronicles about those who sinned and disrespected the Lord more than any nation and kingdom, and how they deliberately insulted Him, and for which the words of the Lord rebelled against Israel. 24. What was with him. Josiah reigned for 31 years. - In previous chronicles, in Greek. έν τοις έμπρθσοεν χρόνοις - in former times. – And why the words of the Lord rebelled against Israel, that is, the divine threats were fulfilled. 2Ezra 1:25 And after all these deeds of Josiah it came to pass that Pharaoh king of Egypt was going to fight in Karkamish by the Euphrates, and Josiah went out to meet him. 25. From 25th Art. The circumstances of Josiah's death are outlined. – Pharaoh, king of Egypt – Pharaoh Necho (Neco Herodotus, Necu monuments). – Karkamis (“fortress of Chemosha”) a city that served as the key to the entrance to Palestine. 2Ezra 1:26 The king of Egypt sent to him, saying, “What do you and me, king of Judah?” 2Ezra 1:27 I was not sent from the Lord God against you; my war is on the Euphrates, and now the Lord is with me and the Lord motivates me; back down and do not resist the Lord. 27. I was not sent against you by the Lord God... Now the Lord is with me. It is unlikely that in these words the Lord is Jehovah. The Egyptians also recognized a single Supreme Being who guided their actions. In an inscription from 750, one of the Egyptian kings says: “Don’t you know that the shadow of God was upon me. I don't act without her orders. He commands my affairs” (Bissel). 2Ezra 1:28 But Josiah did not return to his chariot, but decided to fight with him, not heeding the words of Jeremiah the prophet from the mouth of the Lord. 28. But Josiah did not return to his chariot, that is, he did not abandon his intention. In some codes: και ούκ άπέστρεψεν άπ αύτου Ι . το άρμα εουτού, “and Josiah did not turn away his weapons from him.” 2Ezra 1:29 And he entered into battle with him on the field of Megiddo. And the rulers came together to King Josiah. 29. On the field of Megiddo, present-day El-Lessun on the caravan road from Egypt to Damascus. - And the rulers came together to King Josiah: according to 2 Chronicles XXXV:22 - “and the archers shot at King Josiah.” 2Ezra 1:30 And the king said to his servants, Carry me away from the battlefield, for I am very weak. And his servants immediately carried him out of the line. 2Ezra 1:31 And he mounted his second chariot and returned to Jerusalem, died and was buried in the tomb of his fathers. 31. And he mounted his second chariot, obviously a chariot more convenient for travel. According to 2 Kings XXIII, 29–30, Josiah died on the field of Megiddon. 2Ezra 1:32 And they wept for Josiah throughout all Judea; the prophet Jeremiah also wept for Josiah, and the rulers and their wives mourned for him to this day. And this was handed down forever to the entire family of Israel. 2Ezra 1:33 These things are written in the book of the chronicles of the kings of Judah, even the things that Josiah did, and his glory, and his understanding of the law of the Lord; his former deeds and those now mentioned are described in the book of the kings of Israel and Judah. 2Ezra 1:34 And the people took Jehoiachin the son of Josiah, and made him king in place of Josiah his father, when he was twenty-three years old. 34. And the people took Jehoiachin the son of Josiah and made him king. Josiah's successor was not Jehoiachin, but Jehoahaz, previously called Shellum (2 Kings XXIII.30). In many manuscripts there is a reading Ί εχονίαν (55, 68, 93, 236 Vat., Other - Lat., Vul.), but in other manuscripts (as in Slav.) it agrees with Heb. read Jehoahaz. 2Ezra 1:35 And he reigned in Judah and Jerusalem three months, and the king of Egypt put him away so that he would not reign in Jerusalem. 35. And he reigned in Judea, for a certain time. Greek handwritten: έν Ισραήλ . 2Ezra 1:36 And he imposed on the people an hundred talents of silver and one talent of gold. 36. The low monetary tribute imposed by the winner was, of course, only an addition to the territory taken away. 2Ezra 1:37 And the king of Egypt made his brother Jehoiakim king of Judah and Jerusalem. 2Ezra 1:38 And he bound the nobles, and took his brother Zarakin to Egypt. 38. And he tied up the nobles, and took his brother Zarakin to Egypt. In the Vatican code., which our slav. follows, the same place reads: “and Joachim the nobleman Zarakin bound his brother, seized him, and brought him out of Egypt άνήγαγευ έξ Αεγ" (Slav. “I brought my brother Zarakin out of Egypt”). The message is incomprehensible and, obviously, erroneous. According to the accepted in The Russian text apparently refers to the Egyptian king, and it is reported that he tied up the nobles of Jehoahaz, and took his brother Zarakin to Egypt, however, there is no mention of Zarakin in other places in the Bible. 2Ezra 1:39 Now Jehoiakim was twenty-five years old when he reigned over Judah and Jerusalem, and he did evil before the Lord. 2Ezra 1:40 Nebuchadnezzar king of Babylon came out against him, bound him with bands of brass, and took him to Babylon. 40. According to 2 Kings XXIV:6; Jer XXII.19; XXXVI.30, Joachim died in Jerusalem. Reconcile the above evidence with Art. 41, we can assume that Nebuchadnezzar did not fulfill his original intention, and Joachim was not brought to Babylon, but was released from the path. Afterwards, for a new uprising, Joachim was killed and deprived of burial. 2Ezra 1:41 And Nebuchadnezzar took some of the sacred vessels of the Lord, carried them and placed them in his church in Babylon. 2Ezra 1:42 The stories about him, about his corruption and wickedness are written in the book of the king's chronicles. 2Ezra 1:43 And Joachim his son reigned in his stead; He was eighteen years old when he was appointed king. 43. And Joachim his son reigned in his place. Must mean Joachin or Jehoiachin. 2Ezra 1:44 And he reigned in Jerusalem three months and ten days, and he did evil before the Lord. 44. In determining the time of Jehoiachin's reign, 2 Rides follows 2 Chronicles XXXVI:9, and not 2 Kings XXIV:8, where a round number is indicated. 2Ezra 1:45 And after a year Nebuchadnezzar sent and took him to Babylon along with the sacred vessels of the Lord, 45. And a year later Nebuchadnezzar sent and took him to Babylon. After a year - an absurd indication (cf. Art. 44), which is understood in the sense: “at the end of the year” (Michaelis), or “in the spring, when campaigns begin” (Bissel). 2Ezra 1:46 And he appointed Zedekiah, who was twenty-one years old, king of Judah and Jerusalem. He reigned for eleven years. 2Ezra 1:47 And he did evil before the Lord, not heeding the words spoken by the prophet Jeremiah from the mouth of the Lord. 2 Ezra 1:48 And being bound by an oath from King Nebuchadnezzar in the name of the Lord, he broke the oath, revolted, and, hardening his neck and his heart, transgressed the laws of the Lord God of Israel. 2Ezra 1:49 Likewise, the leaders of the people and the priests acted very wickedly, surpassing all the Gentiles in all uncleanness, and they desecrated the church of the Lord consecrated in Jerusalem. 2Ezra 1:50 The God of their fathers sent His messengers to call them to conversion, since He spared them and His habitation; 50. He sent his messengers: to the great. handwritten units h.: ​​δια του αγγέλου. 2Ezra 1:51 But they mocked his messengers: in the very day that the Lord spoke, they mocked his prophets, 2Ezra 1:52 Until He, being angry with His people for their wickedness, commanded the kings of the Chaldeans to rise up against them. 2Ezra 1:53 They slew their young men with the sword around their holy church, and spared neither youth nor maiden, neither old nor young, but they were all delivered into their hands. 2Ezra 1:54 And they took all the holy vessels of the Lord, great and small, and the vessels of the ark of the Lord, and the king's treasures, and carried them to Babylon. 2Ezra 1:55 And they burned the house of the Lord, and destroyed the walls of Jerusalem, and burned its towers with fire, 2Ezra 1:56 and all its splendor was reduced to nothing; those who remained from the sword were taken to Babylon. 2Ezra 1:57 And they were servants to him and to his sons until the dominion of the Persians, in fulfillment of the word of the Lord from the mouth of Jeremiah: 2Ezra 1:58 Until the land keeps its Sabbaths, it will keep the Sabbaths all the time it is desolate for seventy years. 58. Literally the words of Art. 57 ("from the mouth of Jeremiah") in bk. Jeremiahs are not found. Jeremiah spoke only of 70 years of captivity (XXV:11–12; XXIX:10). The words of Art. 58 are more consistent. with Lev XXVI34–35. The seventy-year captivity is considered as giving the earth the peace that it lost as a result of the Jews' violation of the law of the Sabbath year.