Ноябрь-грудень

2 hours. Memory of St. Victorine Bishop and Martyr of Patavia Patava, seat of the pulpit of St. Quiz, was on the river. Drine, on the very border of Pannonia with Norica, among Slavic settlements. So now Pettau is in Styria, the country of the Slavs 684. Blessed Jerome wrote: “Victorinus, bishop of Petavi, did not know Latin as well as Greek. Therefore, his works, important in thoughts, do not seem rich in the structure of words (viliora). His works are as follows: commentaries on Genesis, on Exodus, on Leviticus, on Isaiah, on Ezekiel, on Habakkuk, on Ecclesiastes, on the Song of Songs, on the Apocalypse of John, against all heresies, and much more. Finally he was crowned with martyrdom" 685. In another case, blessed. Jerome, delivering St. Victorinus, among the “pillars of the Church,” says: “the martyr Victorinus approves of his simplicity because he does not think evil against anyone 686; he can say with the Apostle: although I am not skilled in speech, I am not skilled in knowledge (2 Cor. 11:6)” 687. The martyrdom of St. The saint followed Diocletian's persecution and probably in 303 688 If, according to Jerome, Victorinus knew Greek better than Latin, this means that he was not a natural Latin; and that he was not a Greek is shown by his name. In the passage from his interpretation, as in the comments on the Apocalypse, not only does the purity of the Latin language lack, but there are also grammatical irregularities. So, the very writings say that St. Victorinus was not a Latin, but a native of a Slavic country and a natural Slav. In terms of his thoughts, Victorinus’s works are important,” said Jerome. Let us listen to his surviving thoughts on the structure of the world 689; it will also introduce you to some local Christian customs of that time. “Reflecting on the structure of the world where we live, I dwell on the speed of its structure, shown by Moses in his book of Genesis. God built this entire mass in six days, decorating it with signs of His greatness, and sanctified the seventh day with the blessing of peace. Since, according to this news, earthly and heavenly things are governed by the sevenfold number of days, then by this sevenfold number I will measure the ratio of all weeks and try, as much as I can, to explain the activity of divine power. In the beginning God created light and divided it into twelve hours of day and night; this is so that the day, full of human labor, is replaced by the peace of the night, and after that there is day again; Thus, work should be eased by the peace of the night - and peace should be tempered by the activity of the day. On the fourth day he created two luminaries in the sky, large and small, so that one would serve during the day, the other at night; he placed the sun and the moon and other stars in the sky so that they would shine on the earth and separate times, years, months, days and hours, by stations. The question is, why on this day, called the fourth, should we fast until the ninth hour or until the evening, or even continue fasting until the next day?... The man Christ Jesus, He who is the author of everything, was taken by the wicked on the fourth day (Wednesday) 690. For the sake of that captivity and for the greatness of His deeds, for the time that is so saving for people, so fruitful and beneficial, we perform an intensification of fasting. On the fifth day, earth and water exhibited their offspring. On the sixth day, what was still missing was created; God created man from the earth, the ruler of the creatures that live on earth and in water. Moreover, first he created angels and archangels, then man, giving priority to the spiritual over the earthly. First the light was created, then the earth. The sixth day is called paraskevi, preparation for the kingdom. Damage was introduced by Adam, whom He created in His image and likeness. Other works were accomplished before He created the angels and formed man, so that they would not be thought to be helpers. – On this day, for the sake of the suffering of our Lord Jesus Christ, we stand before God or fast. On the seventh day God rested from all His works and blessed and sanctified him. On this day we are in the habit of postponing (eating food) in order to approach the bread with thanksgiving on the Lord’s Day. A deposit (of food) is appointed on the heels so that it does not seem as if we are celebrating the Sabbath with the Jews. 691 The Lord of the Sabbath Himself says through His prophets that His soul hates the Sabbath (Hosea 6:3) and He destroyed the Sabbath in His flesh, and even before that He commanded Moses that circumcision should not pass on the eighth day, when it would fall on the Sabbath... And Joshua, the successor of Moses, also broke the Sabbath, - for on the Sabbath day he commanded the children of Israel to go around the walls of Jericho with the sound of trumpets and declare war on the foreigners. Mattathias, the leader of the Jews, also violated the peace of the Sabbath, for on the Sabbath he killed the military commander Antiochus, king of Syria. And David and his companions broke the Sabbath, as we read in Matthew (Matthew 12:3). This is how the true and righteous Sabbath should be in the seventh millennium. The Lord appointed for those seven days a thousand years each.” Having then presented examples of the important meaning of the septenary number, he continues: “The author of all creation is Jesus the righteous. It is called the Word... This Word, when it created light, is called wisdom; when - heaven, - with the mind; when land and sea, with advice; - when man was formed - by piety... Whoever is taught the law of God, full of the Holy Spirit, is not amazed in his soul that the Angel Gabriel preached the gospel to the Virgin Mary on the same day on which the serpent deceived Eve, on the same day the Holy Spirit overshadowed the Virgin Mary, on which light was created; Did He live in the flesh on the same days in which earth and water were created?... He proved His humanity to the Jews when He hungered, thirsted, took food and drink, when he walked and walked away, when he slept, when he walked with his feet on stormy water, and commanded the winds, healed the sick, straightened the lame, restored sight to the blind and hearing to the deaf.” 9 hours Memory of St. Euthymius-Dochiarsky According to Greek news, it is not known who the parents of the Rev. were. Euthymius, founder of the Dochiar Athos monastery 692. Let it be so, but it is known that St. Euthymius was a Serb by birth, from an aristocratic house, which was related to the aristocracy of the Byzantine court 693. Rev. Euthymius lived with St. Afanasy even before the founding of the Lavra, then he was an eyewitness to the organization of the Lavra hostel. For brotherly love, for meekness and zeal for the monastic labors of St. Athanasius entrusted Euthymius with the position of dochiar, the first after the position of rector. It was his responsibility to take care of all the needs for maintaining the brotherhood and all the food. He performed his duty reverently, as if before the face of God. Zealous for the highest perfection, he wished to labor in solitude. He proposed his idea to his friend and Abba Athanasius for spiritual judgment. Athanasius even allowed him to take with him those who wanted to live in the monastery. And Euthymius and several brothers built a monastery on the site of Daphne in honor of St. Nicholas, and in memory of the position he held in the Lavra, he named him Dokhiar. Euthymy vigilantly watched the states of his soul on his new path and intensified his exploits in fasting and prayer. Our struggle is not against flesh and blood (Eph. 6:12), he also told his brothers, encouraging them to spiritual vigor. Once Euthymius saw Arab pirates approaching the shore. Realizing their intentions, he hurried to his monastery and with his brothers disappeared into the nearby dense forest. Pirates broke into the monastery and plundered St. vessels and all meager supplies; Then, dissatisfied with this, they scattered the walls of the church and monastery. Returning to the place of the skete, the monk complacently endured the misfortune and convinced the brethren not to grumble about what had happened. He decided to establish a new monastery in a place more distant from the seashore and therefore less accessible to unwanted guests. With the approval of the elders of the mountain, the monastery was founded where it stands today. The church was built here in honor of St. Nicholas. How dearly the saint valued silence can be seen from the very area of ​​the monastery. The location of the monastery is a low-lying coastal cliff where there is no water. But the silence of the area is preferred over everything. When his nephew (on his mother’s side) Nikolai arrived from Byzantium and was ordained as a monk with the name Neophytos, he actually showed zeal for monastic exploits, Rev. Euthymius invited the brethren to accept him as their abbot, and he himself turned to the exploits of a hermit. The rich nephew began to build a new vast church, but the humble church of St. Euphemia is still intact today 694. The monk died at a very old age, probably no later than 990 695 11 a.m. Repose of St. King of Serbia Stefan Dečanski Blazh. Stefan, son of Cor. Milyutin, spent a significant part of his life under the yoke of various troubles and finally died a sufferer 696. When he was only 10 years old, his father, wanting to ward off the invasion of Serbia by the terrible Nogai, who devastated Bulgaria, sent his son to Nogai, as a pledge of his peaceful relations with the khan. Young Stefan stayed in the wild horde of Nogai for about three years 697. – Having married Maria, the daughter of the Bulgarian prince, he received the Zeta land for management 698. - Affectionate, kind, meek, generous to poverty, he made everyone love him sincerely. The mother-mother, an insidious Greek woman who wanted to give the throne to her son, Constantine, with feminine caresses inspired her husband to the king that his son Stefan was plotting evil against his father; dissatisfied with this, she finally said with tears that Stefan had even encroached on her marital purity. “They let Stefan know about the intrigues against him, but at the same time they insidiously destroyed his love for his father. “Unfortunately, some regional leaders, indignant at the plans of the cunning Greek woman, showed disobedience to the king; They hastened to present this before the king-father, as a matter not alien to his son’s plans. The king came with an army to Zeta and pacified the rebellion. – The son, accused by his stepmother’s partisans of participating in the rebels, was slow to appear to his father at his request, which increased his father’s suspicions against him. When he appeared with complete filial obedience, his father first received him kindly, as he had promised. But then the Greek woman’s party upset the good father so much that he, without taking away answers from his son against the accusations, ordered him to be blinded in the castle of Skopje and sent him and his children to the emperor in captivity 699. - On the road to Ovchepolye, where there was a church of St. Nicholas, the saint appears and says: “Don’t lose your spirit; “Here are your eyes in my hand,” and showed him his eyes. This vision consoled the sufferer and eased the pain of the terrible operation. When the sufferer arrived in Constantinople, he was locked in the palace, with strict orders not to allow anyone to approach him. Then they imprisoned him in the Monastery of the Pantocrator, under the strict supervision of the abbot. - At this time, the cunning supporter of the West, Varlaam, disturbed Constantinople with his scholastic antics about the light of Tabor. Blazh. Patr. Athanasius condemned Varlaam at the council, but the crafty Varlaam found supporters at court and worried the capital. The Emperor, recognizing Stephen's patience and his sincere love for the faith, showed him kindness. During one meeting, Kantakozen asked Stefan's opinion about Varlaam. “I have hated those who hate you, Lord,” answered the intelligent sufferer and added: “harmful people must be expelled from society.” Kantakouzenos acted on his review 700. – Stefan loved exercises in church prayer, fasting, listening to books, and humility so much that he amazed the monks and they listened with love to his advice on spiritual life. One of the good Serbian nobles, knowing the cramped life of the sufferer, sent him a significant amount of money, but he handed it over to the abbot, and said to the messenger in private: I thank the good master for his love, but the best consolation for me will be if he distributes what is assigned to me to the poor. In the fifth year of imprisonment, when the all-night celebration of St. Nicholas, Stefan, tired of work, took a nap in the church seat. And so the one who appeared to him before said: “I have come to fulfill my promise,” and, marking him with the sign of the cross, touched his eyes. Stefan began to see 701 clearly. - Having thanked the saint with a full heart, Stefan, for safety from his enemies, continued to wear a blindfold. As a test of patience, one of the sufferer’s sons then died; he bore the costly loss patiently. So another two years passed 702. Needs required Cantacuzen to send proxies to the cor. The intelligent and pious abbot of the monastery of the Almighty was sent to Milyutin. When the king, during a conversation with the abbot, asked about his son, the abbot answered: you are asking me, king, about the second Job; let it be known that his poverty is higher than your royal greatness. And he told him about the amazing patience and piety of Stephen 703. “At the same time, intercessors for Stephen came to the king. At his request, Bishop Daniel, who then lived in Hilandar, and the great Athonite elders came to the king and asked to return fatherly love to his suffering son. “The good father had long wanted to see his son and now he was glad that the burden was being lifted from his soul. During their meeting, father and son cried bitterly. The king wished that his grandson Dusan would remain with him to console him; and he again entrusted his son Stefan with the management of a separate region 704; this was in 1316 705 When his father, Blessed Milutin, died († Oct. 30, 1320), the stepmother, who had appeared shortly before in Serbia from Constantinople, raised a storm at her husband’s grave; supporters of her son entered into an argument and then hand-to-hand combat with those loyal to the eldest son of the deceased; Blood flowed and looting began. The archbishop who appeared barely had time with his exhortations to stop the shameful scenes at the king’s tomb 706. After the burial of blessed Milutin, all the best people of Serbia declared out loud that they recognized Milutin’s eldest son and no one else as his heir. “Stephen only when he learned about Serbia’s disposition towards him, he came to the cathedral monastery of the archbishop, where representatives of the people also gathered. “I was crowned,” he says himself, “with a God-given crown on the same day as my son in 1321, January 6th, with the blessing and hand of the Right Reverend Archbishop Nicodemus, all the bishops and the entire cathedral, to be called Stefan, the God-merciful and God-enlightened king, Urosh the third” 707. The blindfold was now removed and everyone was convinced that he could see everything as well as the others 708. He adopted the name Urosh, as a pure descendant of Urosh, the ancestor of the Nemanjić. The son of the Greek woman Simonida, Constantine, gathered an army to take the king's throne for himself. Stefan wrote to him: “Stephen, by the grace of God, stole the Serbian, I wish good health to the dearest brother of our state, Constantine. You heard what happened to me, according to the arrangement of God’s providence, which builds everything for good. Pardoned by God, I inherited my parents’ lot in order to rule people with the fear of God and truth, following the example of my ancestors. Stay away from your enterprises, come and see each other; accept second place in kingship, like a second son; and do not rebel against your fatherland with foreigners; Our vast land is enough for both me and you. I am not Cain the fratricide, but a friend of the brotherly loving Joseph. In the words of the latter I tell you: do not be afraid: I am God’s; you planned evil things about me, but God planned good things” 709. Konstantin did not want to obey the call of love. A heated battle ensued. The battle was lost by Constantine; he was killed along with many; Some of the supporters scattered, others submitted to Stephen 710. Another contender for the Serbian crown also appeared, and also without benefit. This is cousin Vladislav, son of the king of Srem Dragutin. Another son of the wonderful Dragutin, Urosich, who maintained chaste purity even in marriage and died young, “if only the Lord pleases,” says the ancient news, that myrrh flows from his tomb” 711 . – Vladislav had to submit to Stefan when he saw that Serbia was not for him, but against him 712. When Dechansky's first wife, the Bulgarian princess, died. The king married the daughter of a Wallachian prince, for whom he received Banat as a dowry. - The Hungarian king, seeking to arbitrarily dispose of Wallachia, led troops to Wallachia. Stefan sent an army in defense of his father-in-law. The Hungarian boasted in vain: “I’ll lose my beard, and tomorrow I’ll drag you by the beard from the wild meadows of Vlaik.” With Stefan's regiments, Vlaiko defeated the king and he almost lost his head 713. “Here I am Stefan, who stole the entire Serbian land, taking several cities that were owned by the Greeks, and took the city of Prilep, where the monastery of St. Mother of God, called Treskavitsa,” - this is what the king wrote in a charter of 1326, with which he assigned villages and lands to the monastery 714. – After this, he instructed his son Dushan to subdue with weapons the Bogomil Babuns, whose settlements were not far from Prilep and who, from their wild gorges, spread their errors among the Orthodox 715. The writer of the Gospel of 1329 spoke about the king of Dečan: “The Lord chose and glorified him for his homeland as a bright and brightly shining star; he established his homeland, took possession of many cities and regions, and scattered his enemies. He sent his son against the godless and wicked women. He, with God's help, won victory over them; having shed a lot of blood, he took many captives and returned to his father” 716. This is how the king, a patriot and zealot of pure faith, labored 717. But then the need arose to defend against a brave, strong and intelligent enemy. The Bulgarian prince Mikhail inflicted a grave insult on Stefan by driving away his innocent wife Neda, Stefan’s sister. Blazh. Even after that, Stefan tried to reject the war for which they were preparing in Bulgaria and Constantinople for the deceased Constantine; he sent a capable ambassador to Constantinople and to Mikhail - blessed. Bishop Daniel. – Mikhail seemed satisfied that time 718; but envy of the successes of the Serbian king did not give him peace. He gathered a large army, hired Tatars and Moldovans; summoned the emperor's army to the Serbian border. The Serbian king saw formidable enemies against him - who mercilessly devastated the border areas of Serbia. Not wanting to shed blood for empty glory, Stefan wrote to Prince Mikhail: “Remember, my dear and kind brother, that I did not repay you with any evil for your unkind deeds. However, as I hear, you are leading many foreigners and going against my fatherland. Understand the meaning of Christian love, humble your anger; Let the love that our parents had between each other be between us. Stop shedding Christian blood. Turn your weapons on the enemies of the name of Christ, and not on Christians. Remember how hard it will be to answer for innocent blood. Know also that whoever dares to steal someone else’s will lose his own,” Michael, proud of the first successes of the weapon, answered arrogantly: “if the Serbian king does not come to bow to me tomorrow morning, then he will be brought bound and he will be put to death.” Michael had 80 thousand troops, and Stephen 15; but God is with the right, not with the strong 719. Stefan entrusted the army to his son, and left himself to supervise the progress of affairs. – A battle took place, one of the bloodiest. Mikhail was completely defeated and died all wounded. Stefan led the army to Bulgaria. On the way, he consoled his sister with a letter about God’s judgment on her husband; then, at his own discretion, he appointed a prince for Bulgaria. The Emperor, after the unfortunate fate of Mikhail, hastened to leave for Constantinople; but Byzantium paid for its treacherous policy. The cities of Veles, Prosek, Shtip, Treshta and Dobrun, long Slavic, were selected from it. For the happy victories, all Serbia thanked the Lord, by order of the pious king. This was in 1330 and 1331 720 Back in 1327, the pious king began to build a monument to his gratitude to the Lord - the Decani Church. At the end of the Bulgarian war, he, who expressed gratitude for it in various ways, 721 was especially eager to leave a most worthy and lasting monument in Dechi. And he left it, to the amazement of centuries. This is what a new traveler writes about this monument. “Three hours away from the patriarchal monastery is the Decani Monastery, the beautiful and most famous Serbian monastery, the best monument to ancient Serbian greatness and piety. The Peć Church is massive and heavy; The Dechan church is amazingly light and bright. This church is one of the most perfect works of Byzantine art. When you ascend into it; you are overcome by some feeling of bright joy; It’s easy, calm, fun for you in this church, but your joy is solemn. – The church is vast and tall, built cross-shaped, with one round, high dome. – Already the external walls amaze with their grandeur; They, from bottom to top, consist of marble slabs arranged in horizontal stripes; the lower floor is of white marble, the second is of pink marble, the third is again of white marble, the fourth is of gray marble. The roof of the church is lead. Above the southern door there is an inscription: “Frad Vita, Mali brother, proto-maistor, from Kotor grad Kraljevo, builder of the Church of St. Pandocrator to the king Stefan Urosh the 3rd... created in 8 years and this church was completed in the summer of 6843 (1335).” According to the inscription, the artist is a Slavic builder from Kotor, a subject of the king, but who knows well the techniques of both Western and Eastern art. The main altar of the church is in the name of the Ascension of the Lord; right - in honor of St. Nicholas, left - in the name of Vm. Demetrius of Thessaloniki" 722. Now both the church and the monastery of Dečani already lack much, very much of what the saint gave them. ktitor. “Having created the church,” he said in his charter, “I decorated it with all sorts of decorations, internal and external, and called it an abbess and a monastic community, with the blessing of my father and Vladyka Daniel, all the bishops and the entire cathedral. - As much as possible, he assigned him villages within Volosh and Moldova, books, crosses, bound and gilded, with beads and expensive stones, various icons, covered with gold and silver with different decorations, honest vessels, ripids, kandils, censers, candlesticks, elegant vestments, phelonions and veils. He also gave property for food and clothing for all church servants, the sick, and strangers.” Next, villages, vineyards, villages are described, which, apparently, were intended even before the Bulgarian war. Then it says: “I promised the Lord, my Pandocrator, that he would help me against my opponent, the Tsar of Bulgaria, and he helped me.” Votive villages 723 are described. The king says: “I created a church of the Almighty and another of the wonderworker Nicholas... And the surrounding area is a stone city (fence) and to the walls - a cell of a monk, in the place of Decani. And having stayed there, you will complete everything and fulfill all your needs” 724. Nowadays there is no trace of the monastery of the sick with the church of St. Nicholas. But she is firmly remembered in heaven. It was built three miles from the Decani monastery; it was in charge of the hieromonk builder. - Blessed. Stefan gathered helpless sufferers from all over Serbia here; there were many beds in it. He himself often came to inspect the hospital and the sick; There was a suffocating stench from some sick people, the king comforted the suffering with a smile and made orders necessary for the rest of the sick. Decanski in 1330 granted the Venetians free trade in Serbia 725. This provided him with the best materials for the church. Although Serbia is now rich in the best white marble, iron, tin, silver and gold were extracted from its mines, 726 but the costs of building the church were very high. – This forced the king to sell (in 1334) Plesanets, rich in money, but not in land, to the Republic of Dubrovnik, with the condition not to offend the local Orthodoxy 727. - since Roman fanaticism used violence in Ragusa to seduce the Orthodox from the straight path, then St. the king, in order to tame fanaticism, imposed a heavier tax on the Ragusans than they had paid under his father, sent some of their princes into captivity, expelled the bishop and lawyers (monks) from Ragusa and tried to return those who had retreated from him to Orthodoxy 728 . Shortly before his death, St. appeared to the blessed king. Nikolai said: “Stephen! prepare for your outcome; You will soon appear before the Lord.” His death was painful. “Bad people, self-interested aristocrats, persistently demanded that Dushan ascend the throne in place of his weakened father. The good of the fatherland requires it, they said; but in reality this was demanded by the thirst for greater comforts of life. The young prince, according to their suggestions and his passions, insulted his father. Father taught Dusan's restless advisers a lesson with weapons; and he gave instructions to his son to wait for his near death. But the boyars did not calm down. The Zeta country was worried. Dečanská's advisers suggested that he take up arms. But the elder did not want to believe that his son, even after the lesson, would allow himself to be carried away by the thoughts of bad people; however, he added, “if you have to suffer, why not suffer? I quite enjoyed my happiness; one must endure the bitter” 729. The Zeta boyars mounted their horses and young Dushan was with them. The king and his wife were in the Porodimsky palace. He was captured and sent to Zvenchan Castle. They didn’t stop there either; fearing that their son might change his thoughts, they hastened to strangle the crowned elder 730. This happened in November 1336 731 Rodimle, a blessed place, a place of fertility, after that became for the people Nerodimle, a cursed place 732. The body of the blessed The king was buried in his Zadushbina - in the Decani monastery. After 7 years, the husband, illuminated by light, appears to the ecclesiarch and orders the body of the sufferer Stephen to be taken from the ground. The Ecclesiarch, in fear, recounted the vision to the abbot. – Isn’t this a dream? - he said. A little later the vision repeated itself; and the third time the mysterious man appeared with a threatening order not only to the ecclesiarch, but also to the abbot himself. The abbot reported to the archpastor. The council of clergy, having prayed in the Decani monastery, opened the coffin and a fragrance spread from the incorrupt body into the church. The blind man could barely get through the people to the tomb of St. Stephen, but as soon as he laid his face on the saint’s chest, he received his sight. Of the saint’s many miracles, one stands out in particular. The commander of the regiment stationed in the vicinity of Dechanskaya was distinguished by unbridled passions and insolence, which sometimes offended everything sacred. One day he sees himself entering the Dechan church with an iron stick in his hand. He is met by a king with a long beard, in which gray hair appears; with a lamp she hits him in the face and chest so hard that the lamp breaks and half of it falls to the floor; the youth takes flight; the formidable king, having caught up with him, strikes him in the back and right hand with a spear. “Here is your payment,” says the formidable one, “so that you do not further commit crimes against my monastery.” The colonel woke up in horror; Then he lay sick for seven weeks in the monastery - his whole body rotted and he died with a rotten body 733. The later chronicler also speaks about the relics of the king: “many show miracles by the power of Christ God, just as the unfaithful barbarian feared the name of the saint and glorified him for that sake” 734. The ancient service of St. Stefan of Dečanski on November 11, 735. 14. Memory of the blessed king Upravda-Justinian Both in the Constantinople Monthly Book and in the Slavic prologue on November 14, the memory of the blessed Tsar Justinian is honored 736. The glorious emperor of the Greek Empire was a pure Slav, both on his father and mother. The son of Istok and Beglenitsa, Upravda, was born near Sredets (Sofia) in the settlement of Vedryane, Slavic by its very name. He rose to prominence under the patronage of his uncle, the emperor. Justina. The latter himself was a farmer of the settlement of Vedryany and on foot, with one sheepskin coat on his shoulders, came to Constantinople, subsequently he transferred his wife Lupkinya, her sister Beglenitsa, mother of the Administrator, and niece Beglenitsa 737 here. - It is clear that the Upravda is not only a Slav, but also a descendant of the Slavs - the old-timers of Thrace and Illyria, who, however, were considered to have come to Thrace only in the 7th century 738. After his uncle-emperor, Upravda, “who took the name of Justinian,” the name of the government’s Latin language, was elevated to the imperial throne. The Slavic emperor of Byzantium, with his love for truth and compassion for humanity, awakened the elements of thought and life that had already fallen asleep in the state. Without respect, one cannot remember the sovereign who demanded that the Transdanubian savages not emasculate prisoners and, to fulfill this one thought, started a war. This is the same as the requirement presented to Carthage not to make human sacrifices. The Christian empire of the east under the Administrator became famous for its victories. Persia is energetically contained within its borders; Africa was wrested from the Vandals, Italy from the West Goths. But who were Justinian's best generals? Where did his best troops come from? the best commanders are the Slavs and the best troops are the troops of the Slavic tribes. The conqueror of the Goths and Persians, Velichar, was born in Dardania, where the imperial house came from and where St. preached. faith Saint Nikita 739. “Velichar’s cavalry was made up of “Slavs and Ants,” says Procopius. In the war with the Persians, a separate cavalry corps was commanded by Dobrogost and Vsegord, “both barbarians,” says the proud Greek, “but leaders of Roman regiments.” In the war with the Gothic-Germans, the military commanders of Velichar were Kutilo the Thracian, Gudilo the Thracian leader of the Illyrians, the Thracians Baba and Buza’s brother, Vanila. On the Danube, the empire was protected by “Khvalibud, a close man, an excellent warrior,” whom the emperor made commander-in-chief of Thrace in 530. “Khvalibud brought such fear to the Huns that they no longer dared to transgress the Danube,” whereas before that the Huns and Slavs invaded almost every year with devastation 740. - The Administrator himself wrote: “It is a recognized fact that if someone names only Thrace, then the thought is immediately connected with the word about courage and about the masses of warriors and about brave courage. All this is the homeland of that country” 741. The complete collection of Roman civil laws, the best monument of the ancient educated world, was compiled under the supervision of the Government. – Thus, the righteous wisdom of Rome was saved for later times, sometimes harmful for new peoples, but more often useful through the lessons of clear experience. The emperor valued the Christian faith, understanding its height and beneficialness. He either subjected paganism to strict persecution, especially in aristocrats of intelligence and power, or attracted pagans to St. faith by the benefits of love 742. - Therefore, we have no doubt that he tried both to strengthen the pure faith among the Slavs who lived in the empire, and to bring to Christ those who decided to live in the empire. The three leaders of the Slavic squads who fought with the empire were called Andragost, Arsagost, Pirogost, i.e. connected Christian names with the Slavic guest: Andrei, Arseny, Peter 743. – The resolution of the council of 691 strictly confirms not to celebrate carols (Calenda vota) and rusals (brumalia) - holidays of the pagan Slavs 744. – The administration left a special regulation for the Slavic churches. In the 131st novella he said: “the bishop of the first Justiniana, our homeland, to be independent (αυτοκεφαλος) and to ordain bishops of Dacia, coastal and central, upper Mysia and part of the other Pannonia, where Rasciensis civitas, the city of Rascia, is located” 745. The Holy Church honors the memory of the Administration for many other things. He built so many beautiful churches in honor of the Mother of God, the Apostles, martyrs and other saints that one might think, says the historian, that all his life he was engaged in only one thing - the construction of churches 746. His most famous buildings are a monastery with a church on Sinai 747 and the Church of Sophia in Constantinople. – St. Sophia Church, built by St. Konstantin, was burned during a riot under the Administration. Justinian gathered the best builders, spared no expense on expensive materials, and created a church that was surprising for centuries, both in terms of the size of the church and its wealth and artistic merit. The middle of the building is four pillars located at equal distances from each other; pillars made of huge stones, polished on the front side. They are connected by arches; above the northern and southern arches there is a colonnade, and on top there is a high opening for light. The dome is thirteen fathoms across; The length of the church is 40 fathoms, the width is 36 fathoms. The columns of the internal galleries are marble, porphyry and serpentine. The altar was separated by 12 silver columns, placed in pairs, with golden capitals. Icons of the Savior, the Mother of God, and the Apostles hung on the columns. The four sides of the throne are golden boards; the upper one, supported by golden columns, was cast from gold mixed with precious stones. There is a silver canopy over the throne. 1000 poods of silver 748 were used to decorate the main altar. How large this church is can be judged by the number of ministers appointed for it by Justinian. “In a great holy church,” he wrote, “there should be no more than 60 elders, 100 deacons, 40 deaconesses, 90 subdeacons, 110 readers, 25 singers; and the entire number of venerable clergy of the holy great church should be 425 and in addition 100 doorkeepers” 749. The noble emperor zealously cared for the preservation of pure Christian teaching in the Church of Christ. In 536, he issued an order to sing in the great church the song he composed: “The Only Begotten Son and Word of God.” And this song is repeated by the entire Church to this day, as a condemnation of the teachings of Nestorius and Eutyches. 750 In 541 he issued a decree addressed to P. Mina against the teachings of the Origenists. In 545 he proposed a confession of faith with the condemnation of 3 chapters. – In 553, the Ecumenical Council of 751 was convened. He strictly persecuted debauchery, so common in the east, which had not forgotten paganism; There was no mercy for criminals, no matter how high they stood 752. His strictness in relation to faith and piety did not go in vain: he was showered with slander and he had to endure a lot of bitter things 753. The pious king spent Great Lent in severe abstinence and prayer - he did not eat bread, but was content with plants and water, and then every other day or two. Died on November 14, 565,754. 15 o'clock. The suffering of St. Demetrius of Dabudsky According to the village in which St. lived. Demetrius, according to Dabuda (Δαβουδη), we have no doubt that he was a Slav, and according to Publius the prefect, who tortured him in 307, we are sure that he lived in Thrace 755. The news about him from the menologist is as follows: “the martyr Demetrius suffered under the emperor. Maximian and Maximine, being from a village called Dabuda. They reported to him that he was a Christian and he was detained by the prefect Publius. Having been asked, he boldly preached faith in Christ our God. With the assistance of the Holy Spirit, he taught those present about the incarnation of our Lord Jesus Christ and the inexplicable dispensation of salvation, about all His goodness and love for mankind; then he explained that worshiping idols is in vain and both idols and those who bow to them are blind. The prefect, greatly irritated by this, ordered his head to be cut off with a sword. Thus the martyr died, having received a heavenly crown from Christ, about which he testified with love. Its holy remains, buried by faithful and pious people, exude healing to those who come to them 756. 22 h. Repose of the Righteous Warrior Michael In the Bulgarian ancient synaxar we read the following 757: “Holy Michael of God lived during the time of the pious Tsar Michael († 867). He came from the city of Potuka 758 and was a Bulgarian, not from a simple family, but from an honorable and faithful family. He was one of the first Christians (of Bulgaria); parents and outsiders called him: holy child. From his youth he led a pure life, had the fear of God before his eyes, was engaged in almsgiving and fasting, generously distributing alms to the poor with his hands and visiting the sick; He was meek and humble and adorned with virtues. Having reached the age of 25, he was elected, according to military order, to be the commander of the squad 759. – The Ethiopians and Hagarites rose up to fight against the Christians. “The Christian power also rose up with many troops against the Arabs.” – War of the Imp. Michael against the Hagarians is the same war of 865, during which imp. Michael, having reached the Black River, received news that the Russians had attacked Constantinople by sea and by land, and therefore hastened to return to the capital of the empire 760. The army left without him needed a lot of courage and bravery in view of the numerous enemy. “Before the onslaught of the Ethiopians and Hagaryans, the Greeks fled to the mountains and gorges. St. Michael did not flinch. He inspired his squad with courage. When the Greeks fled, he fell to the ground and prayed with tears for the Christians. Then he rushed with his warriors at the foreigners; Having burst into the midst of the Ethiopians and Hagarians, he dispersed them and he and his own remained unharmed.” At the end of the war, returning to his house, he decided to rest in one place in the Raifa desert. There was a lake in that place. His servant sees smoke near the lake. Having quickly taken supplies, he goes to where the smoke is and sees a girl sitting. When questioned, she said that a serpent comes out of the lake and kidnaps people and livestock. While he was listening to her, the food being prepared for the master spoiled 761. When he brought it to the servant of God Michael, he asked: where did you slow down? Look, the food is burnt 762. The servant told everything he heard from the girl. “The servant of God Michael called his servants to go with him, but they refused. The blessed one, having prayed and made the sign of the cross on his face, mounted his horse and set off with the senior servant. Having reached the lake where the girl was, he asked her: what did she come here for? She asked him to escape from the terrible beast. She spoke about the city’s custom of giving children to the beast to be eaten. The servant of God ordered the servant to move with the horse further from the lake, and he himself began to pray. And then the serpent appeared in the middle of the lake with a whistle; his neck rose 20 fathoms above the water; With his tail he hit the water for 40 elbows. - The saint with a shield in his hand cut off his head; and the snake’s tail hit him on his right hand and left leg, and Mikhail was unconscious for some time, then stood up. The servant informed the citizens about this; The citizens greeted Michael with triumph and the saint handed the girl over to her parents. Then the saint continued his path and, returning to the house, a few days later, gave up his spirit to the Lord, whom he had loved since his youth and passed into the eternal kingdom. He performed many miracles after death, giving healing to those who came to him reverently. When the great king Kalo-John took Potuk, Saint Michael was transferred. Patriarch Vasily came out to meet him with all the clergy and boyars, with candles and censers; King Kalo-John and the patriarch brought the saint into the God-saved city of Ternov and laid him in the great patriarchal Church of the Ascension of the Lord. With his prayers may the Lord God of His Kingdom vouchsafe us.” 763 The Bulgarian king Kalo-John expelled both the Crusaders and Greeks from Thrace and Macedonia in 1206, and in 1207 he died during the siege of Thessaloniki. The transfer of the relics of the saint from Potuk to Ternov took place in 1206 due to the fact that the crusaders inhumanly and unscrupulously abused both living Orthodox Christians and every shrine of Orthodoxy 764 . 28 hours. The suffering of St. Christ Blessed Christ 765, an Albanian Serb, settled in Constantinople for forty years and took up gardening. Once, while selling a batch of apples to a Turk, he got into an argument with the Turk; From an argument it came to a quarrel. The angry Turk decided to take revenge on Christ in his own way; he reported to Chaus-basha that Christ had given his word to go crazy; for such cases, the Turk is always ready with witnesses, and the Mohammedan judge is ready to trust them, and the Turk introduced them, like Christ, to the guardian of state secrets. To the interrogation of Chaus-bashi, Christ boldly answered that he had never thought and was not thinking of changing the Christian faith to Mohammedanism and that no one would force him to change his conscience. Chaus-basha ordered to punish him with sticks. For the fanatics of Mohammedan lies, this was not enough. They beat the bound confessor on the head until blood flowed in streams, forcing him to renounce Christianity. Finally, with a heavy block on his feet, they imprisoned him. – Caesar Dananus was sitting in prison at the same time. Out of compassion, he secretly released Christ from the stock and offered him food to eat. “What do I need food for? - answered the sufferer; death is near; I’d rather come to my Christ with hunger.” Then he took a bundle of money from his belt and, handing it to Danan, asked to serve several liturgies for him after his death. On the same day the martyr was taken out of prison and beheaded. This was in 1748. Martyrology of Adon for November 2. “the birth of Saint Victorinus, bishop of Petavion, who was crowned with martyrdom during the persecution of Diocletian.” According to Jerome (Ep. 45 ad Paulin.), "Victorinus was crowned with a glorious (inclyto) martyrdom." But his acts of martyrdom have not reached us. Weiss, Leben d. Heiligen. 16: 79, 80. It is ed. in Ruth: Reliquiæ sacrae, vol. 111. Oxonii 1815, p. 235–241. The Latin text was badly damaged by ignorant scribes. With new amendments ed. in Galland: Bibl. Patr. t. 4. Here are also Victorin’s remarks on the Apocalypse. Regulation Apostle 7, 23. “You fast either for five days, or on Wednesday and Friday; because on Wednesday the condemnation of the Lord followed, when Judas promised to sell Him for money; and on Friday the Lord suffered on the cross under Pontius Pilate.” Fast. apostle 5, 14. “On the fourth day (Wednesday) they decided to carry Him outside to the cross. Judas also knew this... Judas left and said to the priests: what do you want to give me? I will deliver Him to you." This is what the Holy Gospel says about Wednesday. 26:3,15. In the thoughts of the Sanhedrin and Judas, Jesus had already been taken captive on Wednesday; but the fulfillment of the terrible thought took place on Thursday, after the mystical supper. Parasceve superpositio fiat, superponere, superposition are technical words meaning food deposits. According to the thoughts of St. Quiz fasting heel - fasting for the sake of the Lord’s suffering; the addition of abstinence on the Sabbath day was actually allowed as a preparation for the communion of the Holy Mysteries, which took place on Sunday. Subsequently, in the West they established a Saturday fast, although they no longer partook of the Holy Mysteries on Sunday. Life of Rev. Euphemia, compiled from Greek sources in the Athonite Patericon 1, 152. Avramovic, who searched for Serbian monuments on Mount Athos, says about Dochiar: “St. Evfimiye is a Serbian by birth, who founded the monastery. I could find out myself, but even there was enough of a Srbian handwritten book and a diploma, but Su Gritsy burned everything.” Ancient Athonite p. 80. O. Porfiry saw only one Serbian diploma of Dochiaru - King Stephen of 1349, and even that was in a Greek translation. The most ancient Greek: Michael Dukas (1072–1078), 1112 and 1117 (Acts of Athos p. 53: 20, 35, 36). The abbot of Dochiara signed the act of 1057 (Admirer p. 39). Grigorovich: “in Zograf, not long before my arrival, they burned a bunch of manuscripts; I heard from eyewitnesses that in Vatopedi, Xenothos, Simoaster and Philotheus they burned them mercilessly... It was not desirable that the Serbs and Bulgarians, who still repeat about their monasteries, would want to prevail from these books.” Let's go. pp. 97, 98. Description of the monasteries of Mount Athos, pp. 148, 151. Ave. Athanasius, who was slightly older than him, died in 980 (Vershinsky Monthly Book p. 239). Life of St. Stefan of Dečani, described by Gregory Tsamblak when he was a hieromonk of Dečan, ed. in Glasnik XI, 43–118. His short life was published in a collection, or general menia, ed. in Venice 1538 Genealogy of Daniel in Rajic 2, 460–463. Hammer-Purgalt Goldene Horde S. 261 Pesth 1840. Sopocan frescoes in the West. geogr. total XIII 147, 148. Gregory, king's steward ch. 203. Safarik’s chronicles in Pamyatn. 61, 70, in Glasnik V, 61; X, 265. The Life of Milutina and Daniel say that the son of Dečanski participated in the rebellion of the Zeta boyars (Raich 2: 502, 503). Dečanski himself wrote in a letter to the Dečan monastery: “Satan has taken possession of evil-willed and evil-minded people, whom my parent and my love raised as children and brothers. They, having forgotten God and our love, began little by little to sow evil weeds between me and my parent, insidiously appearing to be faithful to us, but being worse than the infidels. The evil and ugly advice led the parent to such a terrible thing that it is not easy to even hear about it. Having listened to them, he deprived me of the light of my eyes, while he did not explore the truth and did not judge in court. He sent me into captivity with my children and placed me in custody. Andronik, so that neither I nor my children will see our native land again.” Also in the letter to the Dobrush church (note 36). About the intrigues of a Greek woman in a letter to Constantine. Maykov's chatter (p. 233) is boring: he does not remember what he said before (pp. 23, 229). Work of Mr. Maikov (History of the Serbian language M. 1857) is a work dear to the history of Serbia in that it revises ancient letters (although not all), shows their content (although not quite enough, and for others it is not shown at all), and determines their time. But Mr. Maikov in vain did not keep his promise to speak about historical events only from letters. When studying a special subject, having neither chronicles at hand, nor even time to cope with the best of them, he began to speak as if from chronicles and legends about events and persons. And what happened? For lack of the past, fables! P. Athanasius ascended to the department for the second time in 1309 and in 1311 he left it again. So, imprisonment is bliss. the prince in Constantinople followed no later than 1310. In addition to Tsamblak, Dechansky himself: “the good God, knowing the rightness of my heart in relation to my parent, showed me his great mercy, enlightened me and returned the light to my eyes.” See the letter to the Dobrush church in approx. 36 years old in Glasnik X: 266, 267. A note from a contemporary about the years of Dečanski’s imprisonment in approx. 35. Tsamblak, Tsarostavnik ch. 203. Genealogy in Rajic 2, 524–533. Tsamblak: “in a certain city of Diocleitia, the king sent the king and his father with much honor to stay.” See note above. 14 and below approx. 37. Simonida, after the reconciliation of her son with her father, retired to Constantinople under the pretext of meeting with her dying mother and then did not want to appear to her husband. Milyutin forced his father-in-law to send her to him (Gregoras in Rajic 2, 513). About the bloody scenes at the tomb of Milyutin, Daniel in Raich 2, 509 and the chronicle is clearer in Glasnik V: 62, 63. Decani letter. Note from a contemporary in approx. 38. In Daniel, Dechansky says to the congregation: “You see and marvel, for I was blind and now I see.” Raich 2, 537. Dechansky's letter (at Tsamblak) to Konstantin, clearly speaking about the machinations of the Greek woman Simonida, also shows that Konstantin was the legitimate son of Milutin and a Greek woman; The life of Milyutin and the chronicles also speak about Constantine (Glasnik V, 59). Maikov would like to consider both Konstantin and Stefan illegitimate children (Historical Serbian language 231). But he himself shows that this has never occurred to anyone before. He has a strange passion for inventing tall tales! After all, history is not like some nanny’s fairy tale. Tsarostavnik at Rajic 2, 537–541. Serb. letop. in Glasnik V, 62. Simonides after the glorification of the relics of St. Milyutina retired to Constantinople and entered a monastery there. Daniel in Rajic 2: 516, 519. Raich 2, 432. Nikon. letop. 2, 288. Serb. letop. in Glasnik V, 58. X, 264. Chronicle from Safarik (Memorial 2, 52): “the same harvest of light and piety was given over to the tomb, it was appointed to be in the metropolis of Ahil and the grace of the light Spirit to flow out in peace, as there are known eight.” – Images of both brothers in Gračanica. Zap. geogr. total XIII, 237. Tsarostavnik in Rajic 2, 541–43. Rajic 2, 549–552. Luccari Annali di Rausa 49–61. Chertkov about the transfer of the Thracians beyond the Danube in Time. total ist. X, 66. Grigor. Let's go. 138. Charter of Dusan in Glasnik XIII, 369. Grigorovich has 138 Treskavitsky charter without a year. In it, among the villages: “Nebregovo, near Bogomil, in Babuny stas... metokhi near Ohrid St. John Theologos." Here reference is made to the king's son, i.e. the one who fought with the Babuns. So, the Babuns lived not far from Prilep. A recent traveler writes: “Mount Babun, now dangerous with its gorges, in ancient times, as legend says, was the refuge of the Babuns or Bogomils. There is still a village called Bogomili in its gorges.” Grigorovich 139. The Gospel was written in the “bishopric of Serbian Dibra under the Reverend. The all-honorable Kir Nicholas, who received much labor and sweat, saw the church of the fall of St. Bishop of the Wonderworker of Christ Nicholas." The gospel was written by the monk Nikola, who was the abbot of St. Studenich laurels." Grigorovich Put. 20–22. Notes from a devotee of St. mountains, p. 251. K. 1864 In 1327, the king gave Hilandar the Church of the Virgin Mary outside the city of Prizren and 4 villages. Certificate from Avramovich No. 8, from Grigorovich p. 48. Dushan’s charter: “June 19, 1330, the Greek king, Mikhail (Strashimirovich, Prince of Viddin) with his brother Belaur Alexander, Prince of Bulgaria, Bessaraba Ivanko, Alexander’s father-in-law, adjacent Black Tatars, Gospodar Yakov with others - all entered our land, into the town of Velbuzhd, in total up to 80 thousand and made a lot evil to that land... We gathered from our homeland, ready for battle, up to 15 thousand in total,” etc. Chronicle of 1828, part IV. Dečanski's words in approx. 38. According to the Chronicle of Thrones V: 63, 64, Mikhail and Andronik wanted to take revenge on Dechansky for the death of Constantine, who was the brother of Mikhailova’s new wife Theodora and the son of Andronikova’s sister Simonida. So, wasn’t good Simonida also involved here with her intrigues? Daniel does not mention Simonides and speaks only of Michael's anger and envy. In Rajic 2, 555–561. But he often covers up people's sins. Contemporary note: “Complete the book in the days of the great king Urosh Stefan, his father blinded the ambassador to Greece and went out seven years later, taking over the kingdom of all the Greek lands and the Pomeranian and Danubian lands, not by force, but by the will of God, and devastate the Greek land and take the city. And kill the strong Tsar Michael of Bulgaria - in the same summer this book was completed.” Izv. acad. VI 19, 196. Dechansky in the letter: “who will explain the wonderful mercy of God to us? The Bulgarian Tsar Mikhail Shishmanik with other 4 strong Tsars was defeated. He went out into battle with foreigners and pagan people to take the Serbian land from me. “I went against him with my son, the young king Stefan, and with the leading people of the kingdom. And with the help of God he destroyed the c. Michael, took off his reproach, defeated other kings, defeated and took their property, in a place called Velbuzhde, in l. 6838 (1330) m. July 28 d.” Izv. acad. VII 239, 240. Sl. Daniel at Rajic 2, 562–578. Since Dobrun or Dobrushta was taken from Greece in 1331, the Hilandar charter (from Avramovich No. 7) about the Dobrush church of St. Nicholas should be dated to 1331. Here the king prays to St. Nikolai and remembers his past misfortune: “as if I were determined to arrange the womb of my parent with royalty and give birth to the blood of destruction, as if I would not be an heir to the table of my fatherland.” The king wrote to the archbishop. Daniel: “Be aware that with the help of God and the intercession of the holy master, St. father Simon and Sava and with your prayers we intercede and strengthen and with the power of the Holy Spirit we arm, we are protected by the kingdom and with the beloved son of the kingdom Stefan (Dushan) and my own, even the river children of our fatherland, that evil enemy of the king, the Bulgarians, who came with many forces, the language of foreigners - in the place of Zemlin, to God I helped, His forces were powerful and I conquered many. “Yes, having rejoiced at this, as it is worthy to eat, give praise to God for our help.” Hilferding in the West. geogr. total XIII, 184–187. Serbian chronicler of the 16th century. conveyed the following feedback from modern Serbs: “the Prizren church is patos (size) and the Dečanska church and the pekskaa priprat (western vestibule) and the Bansko zlato (Milyutinova Banskago church of Archd. Stephen) and the Resava scripture does not find this anywhere”; but he already said about the Dusan church in Prizren: “such is kindness, sin for my sake, ruin is near.” Schafarik Pamatky page 61. The Prizren Dushanov temple was completely dismantled, and the Bansky temple was devastated and turned into a mosque. Hilferding in the West. geogr. total XIII 205, 301–303. An extensive document was published in Izv. acad. VII, 223–240. Miklosic has Monum. No. 83. In the Glasnik it is proven (1: 155, 156) that this charter, now quite damaged, consists of two charters from different times. At the end of the first there was a special signature of the king. The second letter began with the words: “and also attach the property.” Cathedral meeting: “and the abbess called his common place a priest, with the blessing of my lord, Father Danil and all the bishops and all the collection of the srbsk.” The Tsarstavnik at Rajic II, 580. At Miklosic (Monum. Serb. No. 95) there is an inscription on the Dečani church: “Accept, O Lord, for the Pandocrator, the offered prayer of your servant Stefan the King. Behold, I offer the divine church with my son King Stefan: I look at my corruptible body over my tomb and fear the terrible judgment, I fall to you, the Almighty, have mercy on the day of judgment.” Acts in Glasnik XI, 334–338; X, 9 Momirovic History and Geography of Serbia p. 72. Certificates from Avramovic, spomennici, No. 37, 39. From Miklosic No. 88, 90. Letop. in Glasnik V, 67. The king’s strict demands to pay the appointed tribute - in Memorable. Ragusan Archive 2, 8–13. Belgrade 1862 Letter of trade rights to the Ragusians in 1326 from Miklosic No. 81. Venice’s efforts for the Ragusians before Dečanski – in Glasnik X, 7–9. Maikov even after that sings slander about K. Dečanski from someone else’s voice, as if he was ready to betray Orthodoxy (On Serbian language, p. 232). It is obvious that Mr. Maikov is not at all familiar with either the language or the spirit of papism. It's time to study papism. Even now, despite the centuries-old machinations of Roman propaganda and the heavy Austrian power, in the coastal cities of Dalmatia, under the jurisdiction of the Zadar bishop, there are considered to be up to 80 thousand Orthodox Christians and 11 monasteries; and papism has 350 tons, 1 archbishop (in Zadar) and 5 biskupes (in Kotor, Dubrovnik, Shebenik, Splet and Lezin). “The Orthodox Diocese of Dalmatia” – in the Serbian-Dalmatian Magazine for the summer of 1850. Zagreb. Tsamblak does not say (Glasnik XI, 76–79) in what year the sufferer died. But if Dechansky was the first fruit of Milyutinov’s marriage, which took place in 1271, then he died no older than 64 years of age. - Old age is not very deep! The Tsarstavnik near Hilferding in the West. geogr. total XIII, 228. After Tsamblak, life c. Urosha: “I am making slander and slander to Stefan (Dushan) against his parent, and they will receive a lot of evil from their son... The refuge of this blessed one is not permanent, sometimes in the city of Petrich, and sometimes in Zvenchanu, where the end of his life is accepted.” According to this, they talk about the death of the Serb. letop. in Glasnik 1, 165; V: 64, 65; X, 267; XI, 147. Dushan, in the afterword to the lawyer, writes: “The devil has spread evil words among the people of our fatherland: you have made my father sorrowful for me and thus he has whispered against me, as if my name and life will never be.” The Dečansk boyars were ready to encroach on Dusan’s freedom and life; it's probable. “But Dusan didn’t tell the whole truth; did not say what his Zeta boyars told him. Then, if Dechansky had listened to his boyars, of course they would not have found him unprepared for defense. There is an inscription in the Decani monastery about the year of death: “The church in l. 6843 (1335), one summer before his death.” Raicha II 581, 596. Also Tsarostavnik in Raicha II 706, 724. Chronicle: “in fol. 6844 (1336) Stephen put an end to the throne, and strangled his son in the city of Zvenchanu.” Glasnik 1, 165. They fight against this testimony (Glasnik VII, 98–103), but to no avail; The indications of the wren chronicle are also inaccurate in other cases. Tsamblak does not show the day of the martyrdom of St. kralya; only the life is set under November 11 (Glasnik XI 38, 43, 80). In the Hilandar typica “Novera 3 prestavi se Uroš krał third (Miklošić Monum. p. 115). Given such testimony, it must be assumed that the painful death in Zvenchan followed on November 3, and November. 11 St. the body was buried in the Decani monastery. In the charter of Dečansk in 1330, Rodimle; in the Dusan-Nerodimla charter. Gregory's life of the saint; chronicles in Glasnik X, 268; XI, 147; V, 65. Tronoshskaya years. in Glasnik V, 65. On the coins: a king with a moderate beard and mustache, with the inscription: “third Stefan Uroshe kr.” Glasnik III: 220, 221. On the outer wall of the Nerodim church there is depicted: “Kral st Stefan.” Zap. geogr. total XIII, 230. Icon - in the Paul Athos Monastery at Grigorovich p. 101. Service of St. Stefan Dečanski in the RCP. Glasnik XI, 38. Grigorovich p. 33. “Prayer singing in memory of St. vm. Kral Serbian Stefan Dfchanskago", Belgrade 1650. There are two services, but both are awaiting replacement by better ones. Vershinsky Monthly Book p. 182. St. Petersburg. 1852 Devotee of the Saint. mountains 336. In the Greek menaions, another 2 hours of August were designated as the day of “memory of the emperor.” Justinians,” and precisely “in the church of St. Apostles", which was rebuilt by Justinian and in which he was buried. Procopius De bello Vandalico 2, 24. De ædificiis IV, 1. Luccari (Annall. ragusiani lib. 1. p. 1) adds that the sister of the Source was the king of Dalmatia and Serbia for Selimir. The fugitive, the sister of Upravda, was married to Dulcissin and her son Justin was emperor, after his uncle. About other relatives of Du-Cangë Familiæ byzant. r. 97–101. Kodin: “Church of St. Procopius, called Beglenitsan, built on the Taurus by Justinian; He also built many palaces named after his own sister, the Runaway. This church was devastated by fire and was rebuilt by Antonina, the wife of Master Velichar, who wore the dress of an emperor. Theodora, according to the conviction of the Fugitive herself, with whom she lived after the death of her husband. De sedif. const, p. 108. ed. Beckeri. The Engels and other Germans cast such a thick darkness over the history of the Slavs that they have not yet mastered this darkness. Either the authority of the Engels, or the confusion of nationality with the political life of the people still held the Slavists until the 7th century. on the left bank of the Danube; They’ll look just a little bit beyond the Danube before they’ll run to the Caucasus again. - Funny and annoying! See eg. How timidly, how fearfully Safarik draws conclusions from the history of the Administration. Slavs ancient III, 257–261. And what did this bring Safarik to? In one place, in the Upravda, his relatives, his generals, he recognizes the Slavs; and in another (III, 393) he writes: “in the middle of the triangle (in Thrace and Illyria) there were then (until the 7th century) the forefathers of the current Wallachians (according to Safarik the Celts) and Albanians - the remnants of the ancient inhabitants of Thrace and Illyria.” After all, here there is a contradiction to oneself and a contradiction of tangible reality. Just as in the language of the Thracians one can see Slavic words (Upravda, Beglenitsa, Vedryana, etc.), so in the language of the Volokhs Latin words are still heard, denouncing the Volokhs as Roman colonists. In the same way, in the language of the Albanians, the ancient Scordisci, there are many words from the French, or the ancient Gauls (Chertkov about the resettlement of the Thracians in the Time of General History X, 79–81), the same ones who were one and a half centuries before the birth. Chr. part went to Asia Minor and formed Galatia there. Procopius de bello gothico III, 14. Agathius III, 6. Raich 1, 157–159. About Kutila and Gudila Procopius de bello goth. III, 30. About Baba and Vanilla ibid. IV, 9. In 537, 1600 Antes and Slavs from those living settled along the Danube and then 800 Thracians were sent to Velichar in Rome (ibid. 1, 27; II, 5); in 544 there were 400 Thracians in Italy (ibid. III, 6). A Thracian from the Bess tribe (de bello goth. 1, 5; II, 26). In 575 the patrician Onogost, in 592 the commander Tatimir (Safariq Ancient Sh: 250, 256, 257). In addition to Thracian personal names, the names of cities, towns, fortresses of Thrace, Macedonia and Moesia, given by Procopius, clearly and without any stretch indicate their Slavic origin... Such are, for example. Berzana Vrachishta, Debre (now Debra), Dolibin, (now Dulebin), Kavetsa (now Kavitsa) Klesvestita (Klestevitsa), Labutsa (now Labitsa), Miletis (Militsa), Milareki, Streden, etc. De ædif. ed Venet. p. 437. Iustiniani novella 26. This is how the Slav emperor spoke about the services of the Thracian Slavs to the empire. And here is a review of the contemporary Greek about the Slavs: “about the damned people of the Slavs and about the devastation that they committed,” says the Monophysite historian John of Ephesus. D. Kirhengeschichte d. Johannes von Ephesus S. 215, 255. Munchen 1862. Theophani chronicon ad an. 522. (521 Isdeler chronol. 2, 458), Procopius arcon-c. XI p. 90 Chron. Malala 2, 184. Codex Iustiniani lib. 1.tit. XI. Justinian persecuted (545) paganism mainly in the capital and in Asia Minor; He sent John the Bishop of Ephesus, a Monophysite, to Asia with his authority; the latter forced up to 70 thousand pagans to convert to Christianity, and Justinian built up to 90 churches for converts. Kirchengeschichite Iohanes von Ephesus-Munchen 1862. Assemans Orieut. biblioth. S. 210. Under Justinian, the Heruls, Don Goths and Avasgi voluntarily accepted Christianity. Evagria East. IV: 20, 22, 23. Theophani chron. r. 215, 228. Safarika Ancient. vol. 2 books. 1 p. 294. See June 22 d. The idea of ​​131 stories is repeated by Procopius de ædif. IV, 1. Wesseling (in Synecdemum p. 432, 433) considers Vedriana to be the first Justiniana. Also - Lingeltal near Kunik in the West. acad. V: 258, 259. Vedryana’s right was later transferred to Ohrida and she began to be called the first Justiniana. About the Church of Race (now new Pazar) Serbian. chronicle: “he was baptized quickly (Nemanja) - in the church of the holy apostles of Peter and Paul, who created St. apostle Titus in the likeness of Ondash’s idols.” Glasnik V, 29. Procopius de ædific. lib. 1. p. 3. Procopius (Opara omnia, gr. lat. in 2 vol. Paris 1662) mentions the following churches: Acacia Aed. 15 Apostles Aed. 13, 95. Theotokos many churches Aed. 11, 12, 17, 21, 49, 58, 102, 105, 107, 111, 112, 114, 117. Op. 592. Arc. 11, 216. Including with a life-giving source (Du-Cangii Constant, p. 183, 184). Bacchus Aed. Bartholomew Aed. 13, 35. George Aed. 58. Ioanna Evan. Aed. 9. John before. Arc. 21. In Aed. 22. Kirill Aed. 83. Kozma op. 226. Lawrence Aed. 17. Mines Aed. 22. Mikhail apx. Aed. 22–29, 49, 99. op. 113. Arc. 48. Mokia Aed. 15. XL Martyrs Aed. 18, 58. Paul an. op. 596. Panteleimon Aed. 22. Plato Aed. 15. Sergius Aed. 13, 14. Simeon op. 26. Tryphon Aed. 18. Juliana op. 111. Falaleya Aed. 107. Thekla Aed. 15. In glory. prologue the legend of the blessings. Justinian limited himself to the news about the St. Sophia Church and about the holidays allegedly established by Justinian. The latest news is taken from George Amartol, but with changes. a) The prologue does not mention the feast of the Presentation, whereas Justinian’s institution actually related to this holiday. “The Meeting,” says George, “was postponed and began to be celebrated on February 2, which was previously the 14th of the same month.” b) George then says: “St. Chrysostom says this: God completed all his works and, as it is written, he calmed down on the 7th day... And God who became man gave us the feasts of His economy according to the number of days of the creation of the world.” - This is not in the prologue, as well as the words following the listing of holidays: “thus says Chrysostom.” This changed the meaning of the entire story. However, it should be noted that the words cited by George under the name of Chrysostom are taken from the 4th word on the ascension, which has long been recognized as fraudulent (op. Chrusostomi III 946, 947). c) The feast of the Annunciation was added to the prologue (Chronicle of George, pp. 527, 528. St. Petersburg, 1861). Procopius de ædific. V, 8. Sinai inscriptions in the Journey of Fr. Porphyry pp. 244, 294. Narration of P. Eutyches about the structure of the Sinai metro station in approx. to ch. 120. Meadow spirit. Mosha, M. 1853 Description of the Sophia Church at Evagrius East. cer. IV, 31. In Procopius, in the first chapter of the first book of the essay: on the buildings of Justinian, separately published with notes by Combefis: Manipulus originum constant. Paris 1664. Procopii libri VI de ædificiis conditis vel restauratis anspicio Iustiniani, gr. lat. Paris. 1663. It is also in the collection of Byzantine historians. Paul the Silentiary described the St. Sophia Church in verse. Description published by: Pauli silent, descriptio s. Sopbiæ, ed. Becker. Bonna 1837. Here are Du Canzhevo and Bandurievo's descriptions of the church. Iustiniani novella 3 præfat. With. 1. Review of hymns of the Greek Church § 30. George Amartola Chronicle p. 526. St. Petersburg. 1861 Evagria East. pp. 202, 203, 237. Glykasa Chron. r. 341. If Justinian, being already 80 years old, signed the edict on the incorruption of the body of Christ (Evagria Ist. p. 242. George Amar. Chron. p. 548): then this was a consequence of the physical weakening of his strength, independent of his will. – Already about the affairs of 558, Menander wrote: “the bodily strength and health of the sovereign were no longer as flourishing as at that time when, when he was young, he captured Gelimer the Vandal and Vitigius the Goth. He was already old and that firmness and belligerence turned into a love of peace.” Devkippus-Menander, p. 322. St. Petersburg. 1861 The sad edict remained unfulfilled, by the grace of God to the elder, sincere for good, who died after the preparation of the edict. Feofana chronograph (in Russian translation) pp. 134, 135. Georgia Amar. Chron. r. 540, 541. Procopius, in his work: Anecdota, describes (562) the court of Justinian and Justinian himself in black colors. But the secret pagan here poured out his bilious anger on the sincere Christian and knowingly slandered him. This has been proven by modern evidence from the publisher of Anecdotes Eichel: Prosorii anecdota, gr. lat. Helmstadt. 1664. Du-Cangii Familiæ byzant p. 96. Procopy Arcana p. 25, 41. About time Vershinsky in the Monthly Book pp. 182, 315. In the description of the suffering of St. Philip, who died in 304, we read: “after him (behind Hermes) went up (into the sacristy) Publius, assessor of the prefect, a thieving and predatory man” (Ruinarti acta 2, 440). It is in itself probable that this same Publius, a thieving assessor of the Thracian prefect in 304, was a prefect in 307 and tortured St. Demetrius, especially since prefects rarely stayed in one place for more than a year. Menologium. Basilii I, 190. Also in the prologue under November 15, but the translation is incorrect and contains omissions. Slavic ancient text of the legend - in Izv. acad. VIII 153, 154. Also in the printed prologue on November 22, with a few changes. Potuk (Stream), also mentioned by Kantakouzenos in 1322, according to Safarik, is probably the current Batak” (Ant. II, 364). This is in the Plovdin district. In Grigorovich (p. 162) “Batkun, with the ancient monastery of St. Peter", the Monastery "was founded, as they say, by the Botkun ban." - Isn’t it the parent of St. Mikhail? If righteous Michael was 25 years old in 865, and he was baptized as a child, then he was baptized in 840 in the first year of the reign of King Boris; the baptism of his parents was probably the fruit of the martyrdom of K. Boyan. See March 28 h. Byzantines at Chertkov, about Svyatoslav’s war pp. 127–132. The assumption of some that Michael went out to fight the Bulgarians in 865 is irreconcilable with the life of the righteous Michael. Here the area of ​​the battle with the enemies is indicated near the Raifa desert, i.e. in Arabia. And among the Byzantines, the enemies of the empire are called Hagarians (in Leo the Grammar, George the Monk and George Amartol), by which name the Arabs are usually called, or “Ishmaelites” (in the continuation of Constantine), - again Arabs. “Yastiya has lost weight.” For Vostokov, “to make a fool useless.” According to the printed prologue, “taking a closer look.” For Vostokov, “smooth down and set on fire.” Nowadays in Ternov the ancient church “St. Spas, in the yard; In the 13th century, a new patriarchal church of St. The Apostles are still intact. Grigorovich Putesh. 174, 179. In the zografskaya minea of ​​the 14th century. memory of Righteous Michael on November 22. Devotee of St. mountains, page 336. Akropolitan: “having retreated from Odrin, he (Ash) dispersed the Latins and entered Macedonia without hindrance, enriched himself with large booty, robbed cities with people; - and completely destroyed some of the cities, so that otherwise the Greeks would not take possession of them again. So he destroyed to the ground Philippopolis, a beautiful city on the Ebre, and other cities - Heraclius, Panius, Redest, Chariopolis, Tryakhnopolis, Makr, Kdavdiopolis, Mosinopolis, Peripherion and many others. He settled the people on the tributaries of the Danube.” Raicha I, 447–452. The acropolis did not show the whole truth about the cities and their inhabitants. This is what a Western writer says about Philippopolis: “they (the crusaders) reached Vinopol, a large but deserted city, in which, despite the fact that the army was located in apartments, there were no residents almost a house away.” This was the case in 1189. It is clear that before Yasen’s campaigns the cities were without inhabitants. From what? The same Westerner writes further: “the chief of Branditsa (Branichev), lying on the borders of Bulgaria and Hungary, hurried to the constants. to the king (Isaac Angel) and said to him: how could you allow such godless people to pass through your domain? They do not spare either cities or towns and betray everything to robbery.... The Emperor (Barbarussa) began in anger to devastate the surroundings (Philippopolis), ordering the land on which cities and villages stood to be plowed with a plow... The army plundered so much gold, silver, precious clothes, and cattle that someone paid eight bulls for one chicken" (Arnolod of Lubeck, Stasyulevich: Middle Ages, III 525, 526). After this, it is clear that the inhabitants of Macedonia and Thrace themselves willingly fled to Bulgaria, protected by the firm hand of the Ashes. – Patriarch Vasily, a contemporary of John Yasen 1 or Kalo-Ioann, who in 1203 accepted the crown from the cardinal, is not mentioned in the Bulgarian synodikon (Vremennik 1855, No. 21), is it not because he submitted to the pope for a while? However, Yasen’s apparent obedience to the pope, which was allowed to receive the royal crown, did not stop Ash from beating the pope’s servants, the crusaders, wherever possible; and this makes it clear that the connection with dad was insincere and was interrupted by Ash, after receiving the crown. About him Martyrs in the East pp. 164, 165.