13-го числа

From the age of 18, the Monk Martinian labored in the vicinity of Caesarea in Palestine. The harlot, who wanted to seduce the righteous man, was overcome by his patience and gentleness and, under the name Zoe, died as a nun in Bethlehem. Martinian, having decided to look for a more secluded place, went to the sea and found a shipowner who took him to a rock in the middle of the sea and promised to deliver him food (bread and water - twice or three times a year) and date branches; “And I, said Martinian, will weave various products for you for this and pray to God for you.” He lived for six years on a stone cliff, but one day a girl escaped from a broken ship at sea on the wreckage and, sailing to the rock, begged to be accepted. The monk said: “We cannot live together; stay here; Here is bread and water, and in two months the shipman will come here.” Then he crossed the sea, threw himself off the cliff and, having safely reached the shore, thanked the Lord. And, remembering the words of the Gospel: when they persecute you in one city, flee to another (Matthew 10:23), he wandered for two years in different places and reached Athens, where he died in 422. The girl, left by him on the rock, settled there and was saved for six years, known only by the shipbuilder and his wife. When, during one visit, they found her already dead, they put her body in a boat and brought it to Caesarea, where the bishop solemnly buried it. Memory of St. Photinia, as the girl was called, is performed on the same day as St. Martinian. Saint Aquila the Apostle and Priscilla his wife On the same day of Saint Aquila the Apostle and Priscilla, his wife. † Rev. Simeon-Stefan Nemanja, ruler of Serbia Blessed Stefan Nemanja was a great man in the rank of ruler of Serbia; at the same time, he was a high Christian 246. The youngest among his brothers, he first managed (from 1149) to become the Zhupan of Rash; then (from 1165) he annexed the hereditary property of his ancestors - Zeta - to his possession and became the great župan of Serbia. Finally, little by little, all those lands where the Serbs lived were united under his rule: “he restored,” says his son St. Savva, his deceased grandfather, acquired from the Pomeranian land Zeta with cities, from Albania both Pilots, from the Greek land Patkovo, Khvostno, all of Podrimye, Kostrich, Druzhkovina, Sitnitsa, Lab, Liplyany, Glubochitsa, Reka, Ushna, Pomravie, Zagralatna, Levche, Belitsa. He acquired all this from his grandfather, who died from violence, with his mind and activity” 247. At first, like his father, he was somewhat dependent on the Greek Emperor 248, but then he remained the absolute ruler of all Serbia and was called “the lord of all Serbian lands” 249, while Paca (the current New Bazaar) was considered “the capital place in the middle of the Serbian land” 250. In the fate of Nemanja and Serbia, it is especially clear how much pure faith means for the political life of peoples. – The Serbian people themselves still remember their history only from the time of Nemanja 251, although the Slavic County and the southern highlanders fought with the Romans for their political freedom even before the Christian era 252. - Why is this so? Since 1062, most of Serbia in church life was dependent on the Pope 253. – Nemanja saw that the further Romanism went, the more it became hostile to both pure faith and the free development of the people. And he, already at the age of 5 (30 years old), decided to break off all ties with papism. In his infancy, born in Zeta, he was baptized by a Latin priest 254. In 1143, he solemnly received baptism again at the hands of the Orthodox Bishop of Russia Leontius 255. “This decided the fate of him and Serbia.” Without this step, Nemanja would have achieved the power of the Župan of all of Serbia, but he would not have survived in his small region of Rascia. He had to fight with all the appanages of Serbia. Things got to the point where Nemanja was imprisoned in an underground cave by his brothers 256 . But the Serbian people took the side of the Orthodox Nemanja. He loved freedom of thought and could not help but be burdened by the oppression of Romanism; pure faith, the Eastern faith, was to his liking; having adopted it in his own language during the time of Cyril and Methodius 257, he sacredly preserved it, despite the opposition of Romanism. Therefore, he willingly went over to Nemanja’s side when he began to fight one or another of his enemies. Blazh. In his exploits for pure faith, we did not leave Stefan without heavenly help. When the brothers brought Germans, Greeks, Hungarians against him (in 1175): he, being near the Zvechansky Church of St. George, sent good priests to pray to St. George. A night vigil and liturgy were celebrated. “At night, one of the priests sees a warrior in front of him. Who are you? he asked in fright. “I am Christ’s servant George,” answered the one who appeared, and was sent to help your sovereign.” - And Stefan won an unexpected victory 258. “Nemanja brought matters to the point that his brothers, who had long acted in the form of romance, abandoned the pope and broke off all relations with him. The pope was both angry and flattered: but this did not help his affairs 259. So blessed. Nemanja, ousting Romanism from Serbia, elevated himself and his people 260. With even greater persistence he acted against Arianism, which had been harboring in Serbia since the time of the Sredech and Srem Councils. Nemanja assembled the cathedral. Ardent defenders of Arianism also appeared. But Nemanja firmly declared that he did not intend to tolerate the blasphemers of the Son of God. “After an interview with Saint Euthymius, with the venerable monks and his nobles, he, without hesitation, sent an army with trusted commanders and subjected some to various punishments, drove others out of his land, and took away their houses and property for the poor and sick; their chief teacher and leader had his tongue cut out, who did not confess Christ as the Son of God, and then he and his wicked books were driven out” 261. Ban of Bosnian Kulin, due to his dislike of Romanism, patronized the Bogomils 262 . But this did not save Bosnia from Romanism and strengthened the disorder of Bosnia with the destructive principles of Manichaeism 263. – Blessed Nemanja, recognizing the Bogomils as anti-Christians, did not tolerate them, drove them out of Serbia, and at the end of the 12th century they hid only in the gorges of Bosnia and on the borders of Croatia 264. In the mountain gorges, in remote places, at the beginning of Nemanja’s reign, the people still retained remnants of pagan superstitions. Nemanja destroyed “the wilderness of idols” or, as Dometian puts it, “demonic churches” 265. The consequence of such orders was that the unity of St. faith cemented the unity of the Nemaneva state, and the life-giving power of pure Christianity infused life, order and strength into the political body of Serbia. With such a policy, he managed to return to Serbia the indigenous Slavic settlements occupied by the Greeks and elevate the Serbian people 266. This cost him a long struggle: the Greeks, under the guise of patronizing the pure faith, not only did not want to give up other people's property for a long time, but also opposed Neman, as he sought to unite the neighboring Slavic tribes under one Slavic power 267 . Loving St. with all my soul. faith, Blessed Nemanja diligently built nurseries of Christian life - monasteries. This is how the monasteries of Studenica 268 and Sopočany 269 were founded and generously endowed by him. The Monastery of St. George's Pillars was also a monument of gratitude to him for his rescue from the cave dungeon 270. The blessed ruler of Serbia extended his concerns to the parish clergy. According to the news of St. Savva, he strictly confirmed to his country about the rural clergy: “the mantra gives him from his own the fruit of the righteous” 271 . When the great zhupan was already 80 years old, his son St. Savva wrote to his father: “Moved by the Apostolic spirit, you enlightened your people with Orthodoxy, destroyed heresies, overthrew demonic churches and erected churches to God. Now all that remains for you is to fulfill the words of the Son of God, who says in the Gospel: “Whoever wants to come after Me, let him deny himself and take up his cross and come after Me.” – Gathering the nobles and chosen people, he declared his desire to leave the world and appointed his son Stephen as the successor to his power. - In vain they begged him not to be separated from them. – On March 25, 1195, the liturgy was celebrated by Bishop Callinicus; the great Nemanja resigned and transferred to his son the rights of the ruler of Serbia 272. Then the same bishop in the Studenitskaya monastery clothed him and his pious wife Anna in monastic robes, calling one Simeon and the other Anastasia 273 . - At the same time, generous alms were distributed to the poor, sick, and monastics. Anastasia retired to the women's monastery; Simeon remained in Studenica. Here he labored as a monk for two years. Then he went to his son on Athos 274. Having visited all the Svyatogorsk monasteries with Savva, enjoying conversations with hermits and giving alms to everyone, Simeon settled in the cells built by his son in Vatopedi. They went through feats together, helping one another: the son doubled the fast and bows for himself and for the elder; the father shed tears and sighs for himself and his son. Simeon also poured out his generosity on Athos for the monasteries of prayer. At the entrance to Athos, at a place called prosphora, there was a monastery with the church of Simeon the God-Receiver; sea ​​robbers ravaged it and it remained desolate. Through Simeon's generosity, cells, a fence and a tower were built, vineyards were planted and the church was restored. Vatopedi was also decorated with many cells for hermits 275. The pious elder Slavin gave the idea to the monastic princes - to build a new or renew some deserted monastery, so that the Serbs coming to Mount Athos would find a ready-made shelter for monasticism. Elder Simeon enthusiastically accepted this idea and instructed his son to fulfill it. They liked no place as much as the deserted Hilandar Monastery. The Vatopedi Greeks did not want to let go of either power or land from their hands. Savva turned to the captain of the entire mountain and he provided them with Hilandar. At the request of his father, his son, Zhupan Stefan, sent money to renew the monastery and purchase plots of land; with love he also appointed estates in Serbia in favor of the Serbian Hilandar 276. Hilandar quickly resumed and was filled with monks - Slavs 277. Emperor Alexei, a relative of the house of Nemanja, granted Hilandar the rights of an independent monastery 278. In his chrisovule, Simeon wrote: “I left my homeland for the holy mountain and found Hilandar in such a way that not one stone was left on another; My Lord has deigned me to be his ktitor; I asked the king for a letter; I give him a monastery in Prizren, in Milia the villages of Milushu, Slamodravy, Retivlu,” etc. 279. The old man did not live long in Hilandar, only 8 months 280. Feeling the approach of death, he made his last orders, asking his son to pray for him, to transfer his body to Serbia and not to forget the Serbian Church. On the eve of the day of death, he said goodbye to all the brethren and released everyone except his son. - At midnight, with all his weakness, he stood up, joyfully put on full monastic attire, as if expecting great guests, and, having received the Holy Mysteries, said: “Glory to God for everything,” then fell into oblivion. In the morning, the son carried his father into the church vestibule and laid him on a simple matting. The brothers surrounded the benefactor and wept. The monk, raising his hand with difficulty, signaled to calm down, and, looking with a cheerful face at the image of the Savior and the Mother of God, he whispered, as if talking with someone: “Let every breath praise the Lord.” Praise the Lord was his last word. Suddenly the air was filled with a fragrance - it was the moment of death. Thus the old man died peacefully, aged 86, on February 13, 1200 281. A year later, on the day of his remembrance, his marble coffin was filled with fragrant myrrh. In amazement and fear, everyone exclaimed: Lord, have mercy! then everyone was anointed with myrrh. Those who suffered from illnesses and were possessed by spirits received healing by being anointed with myrrh. Transferred to the Studenitsky Monastery, St. Simeon's body also exuded the currents of the life-giving world. Therefore, Simeon is called in the ancient monuments only as “St. Simeon Nemanja novi Mirotocc Srpski" 282 . Even the marble coffin of the saint, left in Hilandar, is known to this day for its healings 283. On ancient Serbian icons the saint is depicted with a large gray beard, in monastic clothes, with a black pointed skufia, decorated with three gold crosses 284. St. Eulogius, Archbishop of Alexandria St. Eulogius, Archbishop of Alexandria, who lived at the end of the 6th and beginning of the 7th century. - Letters to him from St. Gregory Dvoeslov testify to the successful activity of this enlightened shepherd in the fight against various heresies and sects of Antioch. (For his composition, see “The Doctrine of the Father Ts.” Phil. Chern. Part III, pp. 148–150). Life of St. Simeon Nemanja, described by his son Stephen the First-Crown, and another description of St. Savva: “about the life of Mr. Simeon, how men and women were before God,” published by Safarik: Pamatky drevniho рisemnistwi, Prague 1851. In Dometian’s description of the life of St. Sava also says quite a lot about St. Simeone. Safarik monuments. Simeon himself in the chrysobulus to Hilandar: “I raised my lost grandfather and acquired from Pomerania Zeta with cities, from the Albanians Pilot, from the Greeks the lands of Lab with Leplan, Glubochitsa, River, Zagralata, Levche, Belitsa, Lepenitsa.” Grigorovich is on his way. 40. Serblyak (l. 124) shows that 30 cities were taken away from the Greeks under Emperor Andronikos Komnenos, next. in 1183–1185 Andronik wanted to crush the young Serbian state: but he was cruelly mistaken. This dependence, according to the initial conditions, was almost only nominal. Theoph. continu. r. 291 ed. Bon. Manuel Komnenos, who granted Nemanya the title of great zhupan, ordered Nemanya's elevation to zhupan to be painted in the painting: he hoped to see an unresponsive vassal in Nemana; but I was wrong. Eustathius of Thessalonica in his praise to Manuel does not omit this act of Manuil, but as the Greek adds: “one thing is not approved of in the painter, that he decorates the slave with trophies everywhere, but does not call Nemanja a slave.” – Tafel de Thessalonica p. 419.515. With such a signature is an ancient image of him in the Church of St. George's Pillars. Zap. geogr. total VI, 139. First Crowned Life of St. Simeon Nemanja. Serbian chronicle found by Hilferding in the RKP. XV century, begins the history of Serbia with Nemanja precisely because “when the first sermon in the Serbian land died out and various heresies multiplied in it for many years, the authorities did not care the least about the extermination of heretical tares until the time when the great Župan Nemanja appeared.” Russian demon 1860 11, 19. See March 26, June 22, Nov. 14, Gen. 13. The chief shepherd of the Serbian Church was the Archbishop of Antivaria, who received the pallium from Rome, and the bishoprics of Serbia and Albania were subordinate to him: Kotor, Svach, Skodrin, Divot, Piglot (Pulati of northern Albania), Serbian, Bosnian, Trebinsk. Bull of P. Alexander 1062 to the Antivarian Archbishop - in Farlati (t. VII ed. Coletti) and Jaffa (Regesta pontificum rornan.). Such relations between Serbia began with the Serbian prince Michael Vojislavich, who subjected Serbia to the pope around 1050. From the time of Emperor Basil, the Serbian Church was under the jurisdiction of the Patriarch of Constantinople. – About the Greek departments, see “Rus. St." January 12th Ave. 20. About the Yadrinsk Slavic metropolis, Bosana Bishop Theodore and Belograd Bishop Theodosius 1055, see Glasnik X, 195. 204. A Latinis haereticis baptizatus est, says the chronicle. Arkiv za povestn. Jugosi. III, 7. 8. 1854. Stephen in the life of his father: “at the church of those in the land and the Latin priest, you were granted baptism in the Latin.” Hilferding in Rus. demon 1860 p. 17.1858 III, 67. Tsarostavnik at Raich 2, 329. Letop. in Glasnik I, 164. Letop. Safarik has a memorial. page 54. Arkiv za povestn. III, 7. St. Savva: “I showed my faith in myself, then I taught him... I accept him another baptism” Stephen. Even now they indicate in mon. St. George's Pillars cave where Nemanja was imprisoned. Russian demon 1858 III, 68. Letop. in Glasnik U, 26, 27. See “Russian. St." May 22 approx. 21, Apr. 6 Ave. 12. Dometian's Life of St. Savva - in Russk. demon 1859 II, 68. In 1181, Alexander sent a letter to Miroslav, Prince Zaholmsky, Nemanja’s brother, where he threatened Miroslav with a refusal of a blessing for not accepting his legate, and in every possible way urged him to obey the pope (Theiner monum. Slavorum meridion. Romae 1863 p. 1). Power-hungry Romanism was supplanted. But they tolerated the Latin service. They only punished the “Latin priest,” who would have turned the Orthodox faith “over to the Latin faith.” If a “half-believer”-papist takes Orthodoxy for himself, then he must accept Orthodoxy. Otherwise, his wife, children and her property will be taken away from him. In such a case, the heretic, if he does not accept Orthodoxy, is expelled from Serbia. Law. Dushana, zak. 7–10. "Belly of St. Simeon od King Stephen” – from Palacki: Pamatky pisemstwie. Vulk, son of Nemanja, wrote to St. Innocent in 1199: haeresis immodica in terra Rungariae, videlicet in Boisina, pullulare videtur, in tantum, quod ipse Ban Culinus cum uxore sua, quae soror fuit defuncti Miroslavi Chelmensis, et cum pluribus consanguineis suis seductus, plus quam decem miilia Christianorum in eandem haeresim introduxit (Feier 2, 372). Vulk’s review does not deserve complete trust, because he was then keen on Romanism and, for the sake of vanity, he denounced the honor of even his aunt, the wife of Miroslav, hated by the pope (pr. 258). Most likely, Kulin, following the example of Miroslav, did not allow his subjects to be subjects of the pope. But there is no doubt that Kulin tolerated the Bogomils. – Assemani Calendar. Υ, 30. 50. Monumenta Slavorum p. 12. Nowadays Mohammedanism is strong in Bosnia, as is papism. The first Mohammedans were either the remaining Bogomils or the papists who converted from the Bogomils. Russian demon 1860 11, 16. Khark. West. 1863 pp. 327–330. In a letter from Conrad, Bishop of Portuino, in 1223, it is said that “the chief of the Albigenses, whom they call Pope, lives in the extremities of Bulgaria, Croatia and Croatia, near the Hungarian people.” Gieseler Kircheng. 2. 615. According to a letter from Cor. Premysl (1260) to the pope, in the army of the Hungarian King Bela there were “Bulgars and Bosnian heretics” - Bogomils. "Belly of St. Simeon od cor. Stefan." The Dusan Zavon is still haunted by magic that dug up and burned dead bodies, and the priests who took part in it. Zach. 43. Stefan: “his devout grandfather, who was inhabited by the family of Grch, and who created the cities of the unei (took) from their hands, as the Grch region (does not) say... Destroy the rest of the cities - the Grch name, so that they should not be called theirs at all in that region, and their people, hedgehogs in them, keep it safe." - Above: “attach the Nishvi region to the land of your fatherhood to the end, Liplyan and Morava and the verb Vrani, Prizreyaska region and Pologa both to the end.” – The last places for some time belonged to the Bulgarian princes, and their indigenous inhabitants were Slavs. Nemanja destroyed the Greek fortresses and then built new ones, so that the Greeks would no longer have an excuse to say: these are your cities. William of Tire says about 1167: “the emperor was then in Serbia. The country is mountainous and covered with forests, located between Dalmatia, Hungary and Illyricum. The rebel Serbs relied on inaccessible gorges and... difficult terrain... For insults intolerable to neighbors, the sovereign entered their land. We met the returning emperor when he conquered them." – According to this description, Nemanja wanted to conquer Croatia for himself: but the intrigues of the Roman clergy, already strong in Croatia at that time, provoked the emperor’s weapons against Serbia and the envious Greeks did not allow Nemanja to achieve something useful both for the pure faith and for the Slavic people. Kinnam boastfully describes this victory of the Greeks over the Serbs (pp. 318–320. St. Petersburg, 1860). Savvino's life of St. Simeon: “Follow those (Studenitsky) pash the light of the monastery here, and call it in the name of the Lord... create from small to large, and the villages, and with other truths, betrayed to the monastery icons and honorable documents and books and vestments and veils and even the essence of the writings in evil print, commanded him, especially and in the church it is written on the wall with a cage and a knot, that no one will repeat God’s traditions,” - A later list of letters from Studenice - from Safarik: Serbische Lesekömer. S. 121. Memorial of the Sopochansky Monastery: “Change, Lord, our patron Simeo the myrrh-streamer Srbskago and Anastasia the monk.” Zap. Geogr. General XIII, 150. St. Savva in his life: “Here in the monastery itself. And right at Toplitsa St. Nikola's father. And others there to the light of the Mother of God at Toplitsa. Then the monastery of St. George in Ras. And establish a government for the entire monastery, as it should be.” Stefan says the same thing, but in more detail. Oh mon. St. Nicholas writes: “near St. The Mother of God at the mouth of the Banka River, I walk barefoot... and establish the Christian rule for her.” About Georgievsky: “decorate with every deed and decorate with all sorts of deeds of the Church and the rules of the Church.” In the Church of St. George's Pillars there is an ancient image of the saint, with the inscription: “the light of Simeon Nemanja and the protector of this holy place.” Zap. geogr. total XIII, 140. According to the synaxarion of Serblyak (fol. 124), Nemanea built more churches: Our Lady in Toplice, St. Nicholas on the Banskaya River, Archbishop. Michael in Skopia, St. Panteleimova in Nis. Sl. Raicha 2, 332. 533. According to the lawyer Dusan, it is clear that in Serbia there were priests “bashinnitsy” and “non-bashinnitsy” - land-owning and landless; the latter cultivated for themselves “three fields of law” - church ones. The lord-landowner was obliged to support the priest: otherwise he had the right to move to another place. – The priests collected the products of the earth in the parish, which was called “priest’s earthen bir.” Part of this collection went to the bishop. Dushana zak. 6. 28. 31. 32. 38. Simeon himself in the chrysobulus of the Hilandar monastery: “I suddenly left my sovereignty, I left on the throne my beloved son Stefan, the great Zhupavo and Sebastocrator, the son-in-law of King Alexei.” Grigorovich put. 40. Certificate ed. Miklosic: Monumenta Serbica No. IX. The doubts of the admirer of the Holy Mountain (p. 352) are completely in vain. Nikon. l. 2, 280: “dominance for 42 years.” This is what his wife is called in the Serbian memorials. Izv. acad. VIII, 156. Raich 2, 327. In Nikon. years. 2, 280: “To this his consort was Abba, like him in great virtues, priests and monks and strangers were always kind to him.” According to Savvin's life of Nemanja, he arrived in the Holy Mountain on November 2. 1197 Safarik is remembered. pp. 6–14. Barsky writes: “St. Savva the Serbian together with his father Simeon created the monastery. There are six paraklises in Vatopedi: 1 in the name of the Savior, 2 St. unmercenary, 3 St. George, 4 St. Theodora, 5 St. Forerunners, 6 St. Nicholas; and there were new ktitors and were celebrated there by the monks on January 12.” Travel page 660. Chryzobul Simeon: “I went from my fatherland to the Holy Mountain and found a monastery, the former Hilandar, where I left one stone upon another, and my Lord vouchsafed me to be his ktitor, - I fathered a monastery near Miliyah village.” Chronicle: “having bought the place of Vatopedi, called Hilavdar, at a great price, she settled her Serbian monks.” Glasnik V, 33. The precious Hilandar Gospel, written by clerk Gregory to “the great prince Miroslav, son of Zavidin” (from the admirer of the Holy Mountain, p. 309), was undoubtedly written for the nephew of the saint. Nemanja. Zavida, Nemanja's brother, is known as the builder of the Church of the Apostles on the river. Lima (Raicha 2, 33). Miroslav the son of Zavida is not mentioned by Rajic: but Rajic often repeats that he lacks much information. “It is very natural that the nephew gave the Gospel to the place where his uncle labored. The Months of Miroslav's Gospel (for an admirer, pp. 311–315) differs in that the names of the saints are translated from Latin, and not from Greek. So it is in the month of Asseman's Gospel of the 11th century. The Tsars of Moscow also loved the Hilandar Monastery. Kalaidovich exarch p. 114. The emperor, who gave Hilandar the right to elect his abbot independently of the archpriest, sent the abbot’s staff with the inscription of his name. “This staff is still intact in Hilandar. Letters from the East 1, 230. Hilandar type of St. Savva: “stay in this place (Khilandar) for 8 months, to eternal bliss,” - According to the news of P. Dositheus, Simeon spent a year in Vatopedi and 8 months in Hilandar. Oh Patr. Jerus. 2, 814. But if Nemanja became a monk at 80 years old and died at 86 years old (pr. 280): then he lived in Vatopedi for more than two years. In total, he lived as a monk for five years without one month. So, according to the entry in the type of St. Savva. Izv. acad. VII, 206. St. Savva in his life: “from his birth he was 46 years old and then he received dominion and remained in dominion for 37 years. I receive that angelic image and live in that image for 3 summers. And his entire life was 87 years old.” – The score is not entirely accurate. Nemanja was born in 1114 and died on February 13, 1200. So it is according to the chronicles. This is the inscription on the ancient image of St. Simeon in St. George's Pillars. Zap. geogr. total XIII, 147. In the Monthly Gospel of 1329 Feb. 13: "St. Simeon, lord and myrrh-streamer of the Serbian lands." In Grigorovich, page 18. In the Norovsky synaxar of the 13th century. "Feb. 13 memory pr. o. n. Simeon of Serbia, the new myrrh-streamer, lying in the great monastery.” Zap. acad. VI, 108. See Letters from the East 1, 227. Letters of the Holy Mountainer 2, 229. Zap. geogr. total XIII, 147. In Serblyak, 1861, the picture shows Simeon Avenue in a far different form. About the relics of St. Simeon Ave. in Glasnik 1, 164. V, 33. 34. XI. 145, and Serblyak 125.