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The fifteenth and last judge of Israel, who died 1100 years before Christ. “Beloved by his Lord, Samuel, the prophet of the Lord, established a kingdom and anointed kings for his people. He judged the people according to the law of the Lord, and the Lord looked upon Jacob. By his faith he was a true prophet, and the truth of his vision was revealed in his words. (Sir.46:16–18). He died at a very old age and was buried in Armafem, his native city. In 406, his remains were transferred to Constantinople and placed in a church dedicated to his name. † Suffering of St. Philip, Bishop of Heraclius of Thracia, and his friends Blazh. Philip was first a deacon, then a presbyter, and after some time, as if he had been tested in high life, he was elevated to the episcopal see of Heraclius of Thracia 168 . “Strengthening his disciples Presbyter Severus and Deacon Hermes with frequent instructions, he made them similar to him not only in thoughts and feelings, but also in suffering. – When the fire of cruel persecution arose, he was not embarrassed; others advised him to leave the city, but he rejected the advice.” The stationary Aristomachus appeared to seal the Christian Church. Blazh. Philip said: “Do you really think that God is locked in walls! He lives in hearts." Aristomachus sealed everything in the church. Blazh. Philip with Severus and Hermes remained at the door and taught the flock. Prefect Bassus appeared in court and, when everyone was brought before him, he asked: “Which of you is a teacher of Christians?” Philip answered: “I am the one you are looking for.” “You know,” said Bass, the law of the emperors prohibiting Christians from gathering and ordering these people to either make sacrifices or die. Bring me your gold or silver vessels, or whatever you have, and also the books that you are reading or studying.” Philip answered: “We cannot give you books.” The prefect called the executioners. Mukapor, the most cruel man, appeared. The prefect ordered Presbyter Severus to be brought; he was not found and the prefect ordered Philip to be tortured. When they brutally beat him, Hermes, standing nearby, said: “Even if you got all our books, our followers, caring for spiritual salvation, will write others and teach even more diligently the reverence that should be shown to Christ.” He was punished for this with sticks. When he later reprimanded the assessor Publius for attempting to appropriate church property for himself: he was beaten until his whole face was covered with blood. The prefect handed over the vessels and books to the soldiers. Philip and others were brought to the square. The prefect ordered the roof of the church to be broken; the books were set on fire. St. Philip calmly taught the people. “Make a sacrifice,” said the prefect; we must bring incense to our sovereigns.” Philip answered: “We are taught to show obedience to emperors, but not divine reverence.” The prefect was amazed at Philip’s firmness and, turning to Hermes, said: “make sacrifices.” “I can’t,” answered Hermes, “I follow my teacher in everything.” And if Philip brings it, will you follow him?” Hermes answered: “Neither I will follow, nor he will be defeated.” The prefect said: you will be consigned to the fire. “This is a light fire,” answered Hermes; but there is an unquenchable fire, ready for the wicked.” Bass ordered the confessors to be locked in prison. They went joyfully and sang psalms. After spending several days in prison, they received permission to remain in custody at the nearby house of Pankratius; here they were received with love; Here they performed the sacraments and taught the people. Meanwhile, Bass was replaced by the prefect Justin, a corrupt man. Bass yielded to clever reasoning and his wife once served the true God. Justin did not know the fear of God. Philip was presented for trial. Justin said: Our sovereigns commanded that Christians be forced to make sacrifices; if they don't want to, they can be executed. Philip answered: “I am a Christian, I cannot fulfill what you demand; You can torment, but you cannot overcome me.” Justin ordered him to be led in chains to prison, and he was tormented on the way. They brought Severus to Justin. Carry out the command of the emperors, said Justin. The North answered: “I must fulfill what I have been taught.” He was taken to prison. Hermes introduced. “The torment will force you to fulfill the will of the emperors,” said the prefect. “No,” answered Hermes, “I grew up in the holy faith, I do not intend to limp; You can torture me as much as you like." The three martyrs spent seven months in a foul dungeon, then were transferred to Odrin. When the prefect came here: Philip was punished here so cruelly that his whole body was torn to pieces and his entrails were visible. Justin ordered to be taken to prison. Hermes was summoned: but he did not yield to threats or caresses. On the third day they brought Philip again. “Why are you so recklessly opposing the will of the emperor?” said the prefect. Philip answered: “I am not acting recklessly, but fulfilling the will of God, the Creator and Judge of all. Holy Scripture says: Render what is God's to God and Caesar's to Caesar. This is what I do. I have always obeyed the just commands of the emperors.” - Hermes, in response to the prefect, explained the stupidity and wickedness of idolatry. Justin, beside himself with anger, shouted: “How? You, unfortunate one, are thinking of converting me to the Christian faith? And then he pronounced the decision: We command Philip and Hermes, who do not fulfill the will of the emperor, to be burned alive. The saints listened to this with joy. - When they were brought to the place of execution: Hermes, calling one of the Christian brothers Belago (Velogum), conjured him by the Lord Jesus Christ - to convey to his son Philip the order of his father to pay all his debts. He said this about the money entrusted to him for safekeeping by many. Then he added: “He is young; let him earn food through work; That’s what my father did and lived well with everyone.” The martyrs were laid on the fire. Another bad thought occurred to Justin. He ordered the bodies of the saints to be thrown into the river. Ebr. When this is done, the Christians of Odrina get into the boats to see if anyone manages to catch a good catch. Their wish came true. They pull out the incorruptible remains with nets. They placed them in a place called Getistiron in their native language, two miles from the city. When Presbyter Severus, who was kept in prison, knew about the martyrdom of Philip and Hermes, he rejoiced at their triumph and prayed to God to be awarded the same honor. His prayer was heard: three days later he was given the same crown. Menologue adds that up to 30 martyrs were martyred along with the North. 169. The imperial command to burn the books of Christians shows that the martyrs suffered under Diocletian in 304 170. Who were they? Are they Greeks or Romans? Neither one nor the other. – a) An ancient geographer wrote: Along the Ebru (near the Slavs of the Maritsa River) live the Karplians (Кαρπηλοι, Кαρπιкοι), even higher the Corvids (Βρεναι), then the last Bessians (Βεσσοι, Βιεασοι). All these tribes are predatory, especially the Bessians, neighbors, as they say, with the Odrichs (Οδρυσαις) and the Sapuns. .. All of Thrace is made up of 22 tribes 171. According to another piece of information, the Karpians and their neighboring Sapuns live in the gorges of Erakia 172. The Odrichi are clearly Slavs, as are the Sapuns (σαπαισι); exactly the same are the corvids who left their name Varna, and partly crossed the Danube 173. The Carpians were forcibly resettled near the Carpathians in 305, but others remained in the south 174. And other Thracian tribes mentioned by the ancients also turn out to be Slavs 175. According to Strabo, “the Getae speak the same Thracian language, which is in general use in Thrace” 176. since it is undoubtedly known that the Getae, the inhabitants of Lesser Scythia, spoke the Slavic language, it is clear that the Thracian language is a Slavic language. b) According to the description of the martyrdom of St. Philip and his friends, the native language of the inhabitants of Odrin is neither Latin nor Greek. In the same description, Christian Bely is a clear Slavic name. Mukapor is an incomprehensible name for a flogger - a tormentor. Geti-styron - in the first half, get is a Slav, and styron, distorted sterov, is a bitch 177. c) According to the note about the martyrdom of the Roman Christian St. Alexander, on his way from Rome to Druzipora in 298 in Thrace, after Philippopolis - Plovdip Horde place and then Vereya, where most of the inhabitants are Christians, but keep their faith in secret - the Vereans escorted the martyr 40 miles from Vereya 178. According to all these testimonies, the holy martyrs Philip, Severus and Hermes, like the Thracians, were from the Slavs and preached St. faith of the Slavs. And under the blessed Constantine there was already a bishop in Odrina 179. The suffering of St. Philip and his friends are described in some detail in the Latin note, ed. first Mabilonium Analect. IV, 134. then by Runnart: Acta mart. ii, 437. s. Weiss Leben. d. Heligen XV, 407–416. The note preserves much of the eyewitness account; the writer wrote no earlier than the 4th century. In martyrologies, the memory is shown on October 22. But in Vasily’s menology and in glory. prologue memory of the North and his friends - Aug. 20. Extract from a Latin note Menologue says that Severus “was from Pamphylian Side - and came to Philipopolis of Thracia, when the prefect Apelianus was tormenting 36 martyrs there” - The modern note does not say where Severus was martyred: it could be that when St. Philip and Hermes were sent to Odrin, Severus was sent to Philippopolis. “But there is no doubt that Menologue is mistaken in calling Severus an alien from Sida. According to a modern note, he is a disciple and priest of the Thracian saint. Martyrologies show that in Odrina he suffered with St. Philip, besides Hermes, Eusebius. In Jerome's Martyrology: Sept. 29. in Thrace the suffering of St. Eutychius, Plautus. Nov. 12 “in Thrace the martyrdom (natalis) of St. Edict, Euticus, Felix, Hermogenes and Agiestes of the Martyrs." 14 Nov “in Heraclius, a Thracian city, the suffering of saints Clement, Clementine, Theodotus, Philemon and many others.” Nov. 16" in the mountains Heraclius, the suffering of Saints Gregory, Victor, Geman. Nov. 18 “in Heraclius the suffering of the holy wife with 46 of her own.” Dec. 20 “in Thrace, in the mountains. Getdube, the suffering of Julius” - Getduba was believed to be on the borders of Bulgaria and Romania, but without evidence. Get-oak is more likely to be found through history. Baronius attributed the suffering of St. Philip and Severus by the time of Julian. He was followed by Vershinsky in the month's book, p. 128. But in the description of martyrdom, not only is there no basis for such a thought, on the contrary, as has been said, it clearly speaks of the time of Diocletian. Persecution for books in Lactantius de morte persecnt. With. 15. 18. Eusebia 8.2. Ruinart has a note about the martyrdom of St. Saturninus begins like this: “under Dioclition and Maximian, the devil raised such a war against Christians that he demanded that the holy covenants of the Lord and St. be burned. scriptures, destroyed churches, prohibited worship and sacred meetings." Acta 2, 378. Strabonis fragmenta ar. Tafel de provinciis p. 33. In Appion 4, 1037. 1027 in Arakia τα σενα σαπαιων και Γορπιδόων (read: Καρπηλιον). Safarik of antiquity V, 152. Even in medieval times, the Slavs called Adrianople nothing more than Odrin. Bulgarian translator of the Manasian Chronicle: “Krum, the prince, made a battle near Odrin.” In Chertkov, p. 87. Safarika of antiquity 1, 353. 354. Revision of other Thracian tribes - in Chertkov’s general vremennik. ist. X, 83–89. About Demons, see July 24. And the Byzantines themselves wrote that the Greeks in Thrace and Macedonia began to appear as colonists only from the time of Philip of Macedon, for example. Stephen the Byzantine at Tafel de provinc. p. 25. 26. Even a bishop of the 3rd century wrote: “Aelius Publius Julius, bishop of the colony of Debelta in Thrace, I call God as a witness,” etc. Eusebius ist. 1, 30". In the Latin acts this word was written differently: either Getistirion, then Ogetistion, then Ogestiron, as well as Get-dub - (pr. 23) they wrote Gildoba, then Gelduba, then Gildo Bacli. – The strangers did not understand the Slavic word and each distorted it in his own way. One clever guy added this explanation to the first word: interpetatione vero latinae linguae locus possessionis vocatur. You guessed it! Sterav y Vostokov. – On the formation of personal Slavic names – in Izv. acad. IX, 91–99. Honorary Day May 13, Acta Sanct. 3 maii droece in apbend. p. 15. satine p. 194. About Vereya at Chertkov o monastery. 125. 146–110. St. Alexander was the martyr Alexander, whose church in Druzinar was burned by the Avar Khagan in 597 and for which he was cruelly punished; seven sons of the khan and many troops died from a pestilence near Druzinera. Khan was given the right to cross the Danube against the Slavs by treaty. Simocatti hist. VII, 14. 15. Druzinara on the river. Erigone, about which Bryennius writes: “I don’t know what it was called in ancient times - the names often change; but now, flowing out of the Thracian mountains, it is called Almir (Salty), near it there is a fortress whose name is Kalavria.” (St. Petersburg, 1858, p. 128). Tafel (de provinciis p. 29) notes that the ancient inhabitants are Thracians and the name of the fortress is Semi-Thracian. Wiltsch nirchl. Stat. 1, 173.