Глава 10

Gen.10:2. "The sons of Japheth: Gomer, Magog, Madai, Javan, Tubal, Mosoch and Tiras." Japheth, the son of Noah, gave birth to 7 sons who owned land in Asia: from Aman and Taurus - the Syrian heights and the Chilian mountains - to the Tanais River (now Don. - Transl. note); and in Europe - to Gadir (now Cadiz in Spain - Translator's note), leaving behind names for localities and peoples. Many of these names have subsequently changed, but some remain as they were. Homer is the Galatians, Magog is the Scythians, Madai is the Medes, Javan is the Ionians, they are the Greeks, where the Ionian Sea comes from, Tubal is the Iberians, they are the Spaniards, from whom the Celtiberians, although some suggest that they are the Italians; Mosoh are Cappadocians, which is why their main city is still called Mazaca (Caesarea Cappadocia - Translator's note) (further Seventy interpreters believe that the Cappadocians are Caphtorim); Firas are Thracians, whose name has not changed much. I know that some have connected Gog and Magog with the history of the Goths who recently swept through our country, on the basis of the present Scripture, as well as a passage from the prophet Ezekiel. Whether this is true is determined by the outcome of the battle itself (as described in Ezek. 38–39. – Approx. translation ). In any case, all former enlightened men used to call them Getae rather than Gog and Magog. So, these are the seven nations that inhabited the north and, as was mentioned, had Japheth for their ancestor. Gen.10:3. The sons of Gomer: Askenaz, Riphat and Togarmah." The descendants of Askenaz are called Rhegians by the Greeks, Riphatas by the Paphlagonians, and Togarmas by the Phrygians. Gen.10:4–5. “The sons of Javan: Elisha, Tarshish, Kittim and Dodanim. From them the islands of nations were divided in their lands, each according to his own language, according to his tribe, according to his people.” From the Ionians, that is, the Greeks, come the Elishas, ​​who are called Aeolians; which is why the fifth language of Greece is called Aeolian. The Greeks themselves call it πέμπτη διάλεκτο ϛ. Tarshish, according to Joseph, is the ancestor of the Cilicians. He believes that the aspirated letter θῆτα was erroneously corrupted into ταῦ by the descendants of Tarshish; why the main city of the Cilicians is called Tarsus, famous thanks to the Apostle Paul. From Kitim - the Khitians, from whom the Cypriot city of Kiti is still called. From Dodanim - the Rhodians: this is how the Seventy Interpreters translated. It is worth reading the books entitled "On Antiquities," written by Varro, Sisinius Capito, the Greek Phlegon and other enlightened men, to see that all the islands, coasts throughout the world and coastal countries were occupied by Greek settlers, who, as stated above, took possession of all coastal places from the mountains of Aman and Taurus to the British Ocean. Gen.10:6. "The Sons of Ham: Hus, Mesraim, Puth and Canaan". To this day, Ethiopia in Hebrew is called Cush (כּ֥וּשׁ), Egypt - Mizraim (מִצְרַ ֖ יִם), Libyans - Fut (פ ֥ וּט). That is why the river in Mauritania is still called Fut, and the entire surrounding region is called Fut. Many writers, both Greek and Latin, testify to this. And why the ancient name “Libya” was preserved only in one part of this continent, and the rest is called Africa - this is not the place or time to discuss this topic. Finally, Canaan occupied the land that later, after the expulsion of the Canaanites, the Jews took possession of. Gen.10:7. "Sons of Hus: Saba, Evila, Sabata, Regma and Sabataka". From Saba - the Sabaeans, about whom Virgil writes: But only the Sabaeans have incense branches [Georgics II, 117]. And elsewhere: Sabaean smokes in the church The Evila (getuli), bound by the desert, live in the more remote part of Africa. From Sabata - the Sabateans, who are now called Astabars. Regma and Sabataka gradually lost their ancient names, and what they are now called instead of the former is unknown. Gen.10:7. "Sons of Regma: Saba and Dadan". Here Saba is written through the letter sin, and above - through samech. That is why the Sabans are called, as I said, Sabaeans. And by this Saba they mean Arabia, since in Psalm 71, where we say: “The kings of Arabia and Saba will bring gifts,” the Hebrew text says: “The kings of Saba and Saba.” The first name is through sin , and the second is through samech . The Dadan are a people in western Ethiopia. Gen.10:8–10. “And Hus begat Nimrod. He was the first powerful man on earth." And a little further it says: “The beginning of his kingdom was Babel, Arak, Akad and Kalanne in the land of Shinar.” Nimrod, the son of Hus, was the first to take advantage of a hitherto unknown tyranny over the people and reigned in Babylon, which was called Babel because the languages ​​of the builders of the tower were mixed there. After all, “babel” (בָּבֶ ֔ ל) means “mixing.” And he also reigned in Arak, that is, in Edessa, in Acad, which is now called Nisibia, and in Calanna, which subsequently changed its name and was named in honor of King Seleucus Seleucia, and now it is called Κτησιϕῶν. Gen.10:11. “Assur came out of that land and built Nineveh and the city of Rooboth.” From this land spread the empire of the Assyrians, who founded the great city of Nin, in honor of Nin, the son of Bel. Jews call this city Ninivem (נִ ֣ ינְוֵ ֔ ה). His repentance, and otherwise his death, was entirely related to the preaching of Jonah. The words "Nineveh and the city of Rooboth" should not be understood to mean two different cities, but since Rooboth (רְחֹבֹ ֥ת) is translated "streets", it should be read as: "And he built Nineveh and the streets of this city." Gen. 10:13–14. “And Mesraim begat Ludim, Anamim, Laabim, Nephtuim, Petrosim and Hasloim, from whom came the Philistines and Caphtorim.” With the exception of Laabim, from whom the Libyans, formerly called the Futheians, were later named, and Hasloim, whose descendants then began to be called the Philistines, distortedly called Palestinians among us, the other six peoples are unknown to us, because, devastated by the Ethiopian war, they reached the point of oblivion of their former names. And they owned the land from Gaza to the last borders of Egypt. Gen. 10:15–18. “Canaan begat Sidon his firstborn, then the Hittite, the Jebusite, the Amorite, the Girgashite, the Hivite, the Arakeite, the Shinite, the Aradius, the Samaraite, and the Amathean.” From Canaan the first was born Sidon, from which the city of Sidon in Phenicia is called. Then Arakay, who founded Arkas, a city opposite Tripolis, located at the foot of Lebanon. Not far from this city there was another, with the name Sin, which, subsequently destroyed during various kinds of wars, left the former name only for the area. The Arads captured the island of Arad, separated from the Phoenician coast by a narrow strait. The Samaritans own the famous city of the Syrian heights, Emessa. Amath retains its ancient name in our time among both Jews and Syrians. The Macedonians, who ruled the East after Alexander, gave the city the name Epiphania. Some think that this (Amath. - Translator's note) was the name of Antioch. Others, although incorrectly, supporting their opinion with a seemingly plausible possibility, think that this was the name of Emas - the first stop on those going from Antioch to Edessa, and that this is the same city that the ancients called Emath. Gen.10:19. “And the borders of the Canaanites were from Sidon to Gerara as far as Gaza, then to Sodom, Gomorrah, Adam and Zeboim as far as Lysha.” Since the other cities, namely Sidon, Gerara, Sodom, Gomorrah, Adama and Seboi, are known to everyone, perhaps only one thing should be noted: Lyse is the same city that is now called Callirhoe; there, warm waters erupting from the earth flow into the Dead Sea. Gen.10:22. "The Sons of Shem: Elam, Assur, Arphaxad, Lud and Aram". They control a part of Asia from the Euphrates River to the Indian Ocean. And Elam is the one from which the Elamites, the Persian rulers. It has already been said about Assur that he founded the city of Nin. From Arphaxad - the Chaldeans, from Lud - the Lydians, from Aram - the Syrians; Their main city is Damascus. Gen.10:23. "The sons of Aram - Us, Ul, Gepher and Mes". Us, the founder of Trachonitida and Damascus, dominated between Palestine and the Syrian highlands. For this reason, the Seventy interpreters in the Book of Job, where the Hebrew text says “the land of Us,” gave the translation “the region of Ausite” (almost Usite). From Ula - the Armenians, from Gepher - the inhabitants of Acarnania or Caria. The next one is Mes, whom the Seventy interpreters call Mosoh. This people is now called the Meonians (Lydians - Translator's note). Gen. 10:24–25. “Arphaxad begat Selah, and Selah begat Eber. Eber had two sons: one was named Peleg, because in his days the earth was divided, and his brother’s name was Jektan.” Heber, from whom the Jews descend, as a kind of prophecy, gave his son the name Peleg, which is translated as “division,” since in his day there was division in Babylon. Gen. 10:26–29. “Iektan begat Elmodad, Saleph, Asermoth, Jare, Aduram, Uzal, Decla, Ebal, Abimael, Sheba, Ophir, Evil, and Jobab.” I was unable to find later names for these thirteen peoples. But since they live far from us, at present either they retain their former names, or we do not know those names that have changed. And they owned the entire Indian region, which is called Ieria, starting from the Kophen River.