Главы 100–135

Hilary, Bishop of Poitiers in Aquitaine, was exiled to Phrygia by the synod of Beziers. He wrote twelve books against the Arians, a book “On the Council” for the Gallic bishops, as well as commentaries on psalms: 1st, 2nd, from 51 to 62 and from 118 to the end of the book. In this work he imitated Origen, but also added new material. He presented a small book addressed to Constantius to the emperor during his stay in Constantinople, and he wrote another book “On Constantius” after the latter’s death. His works have survived: “Against Valens and Ursatius,” containing the history of the Arimian and Seleucian Councils, “Epistle to the Prefect Salust, or Against Dioscurus,” as well as a book of hymns and mysteries, commentaries on Matthew, another small elegant work “Against Auxentius,” and messages to various people. They say he wrote about the Song of Songs, but this work is unknown to us. He died in Poitiers during the reign of Valentinian and Valens. Victorinus, an African by birth, taught rhetoric in Rome under the Emperor Constantius, and at an extremely old age turned to faith in Christ. He wrote books against Arius - in a dialectical style and in a very unclear language that only scientists can understand. His commentaries on the Epistles of the Apostles are also known. Titus, Bishop of Bostra, during the reign of the emperors Julian and Jovian, wrote fiery books against the Manichaeans and some other works. Died during the time of Valens. Damasus, Bishop of Rome, had a remarkable talent for versification and published many short works of a heroic nature. He died at almost eighty years of age during the reign of Emperor Theodosius. Apollinaris, bishop of Laodicea in Syria, son of a presbyter, devoted himself in his youth to the diligent study of grammar. Later he composed a huge number of books about the Holy Scriptures. Died under Emperor Theodosius. Thirty of his books against Porphyry have survived, which are considered the best among his works. Gregory, bishop of the city of Elvira in Baetica, continued to write until a very old age, composing various treatises in a mediocre language and one excellent book, “On Faith.” They say he is still alive. Pacian, Bishop of Barcelona in the Pyrenees Mountains, had a clear style and became famous through his life and his speeches. He wrote short works, including “The Deer” and “Against the Novatians.” He died during the reign of Emperor Theodosius at a very old age. Photinus from Gallogrece, a follower of Marcellus, was consecrated bishop of the city of Sirmium. He made an attempt to present the heresy of the Ebionites and then, being excommunicated by the emperor Valentinian, wrote many books, among which the most notable works are “Against the Pagans” and “To Valentinian.” Thebadius, bishop of Agen in Gaul, published the work “Against the Arians.” They say there are other books of his that I haven’t read yet. He is alive, but already frail due to age. Didymus from Alexandria, who became blind at a young age and therefore did not receive even basic knowledge, showed such amazing abilities that he perfectly studied dialectics and even geometry, sciences for which vision is especially necessary. He wrote many books that excite admiration: commentaries on all the Psalms, on the Gospels of Matthew and John, "On the Doctrines", also two books "Against the Arians" and one book "On the Holy Spirit", which I translated into Latin, eighteen volumes on Isaiah, three books of commentaries on Hosea addressed to me, five books "On Zechariah", written at my request, as well as commentaries on Job and many other works, just one listing which would fill a whole book. He is alive and has already left behind his eighty-third year. Optatus Africanus, bishop of Milevia, during the reign of the emperors Valentinian and Valens, defending Catholics, wrote six books against the slander of supporters of Donatus, arguing that the crime of the Donatists was erroneously attributed to adherents of Catholicism. Aquilius Severus from Spain, from the family of that Severus to whom the two books of the “Epistle of Lactantius” were addressed, wrote a book in which prose and poetry alternate. It is something of a guide to his entire life. He called it "The Tribulation or Trial." Died under Valentinian. Cyril, Bishop of Jerusalem, more than once expelled by the church and eventually accepted by it, led the diocese for eight consecutive years under Theodosius. Some of his catechism lectures, written in his youth, have survived. Euzoos, as a young man, together with Gregory, bishop of Nazianzen, was educated by Thepesius, a rhetorician from Caesarea, then, becoming bishop of that city, tried with great difficulty to restore the badly damaged library collected by Origen and Pamphilus. Eventually, during the reign of Emperor Theodosius, he was excommunicated. Many of his treatises are widely known, read, and anyone can get acquainted with them. Epiphanius, Bishop of Salamis in Cyprus, wrote books against all heresies and many others, which are read with great interest by scholars and ordinary people. He is alive and in his old age he composes small works. Ephraim, a deacon of the church at Edessa, wrote many books in Syriac and became such a famous figure that his works are read in some churches after the Holy Scriptures. I once read his book “On the Holy Spirit” in Greek, translated by someone from Syriac, and even in the translation I felt the piercing power of the majestic genius. He died during the reign of Valens. Basil, bishop of Caesarea in Cappadocia, a city formerly called Mazaca, composed excellent, carefully written books: “Against Eunomius”, “On the Holy Spirit”, nine sermons “The Six Days”, “On Asceticism” and short treatises on various topics. Died during the reign of Gratian. Gregory, Bishop of Nazianzen, one of the best orators and my teacher in the Holy Scriptures, composed works amounting to a total of thirty thousand lines, among which are books on the death of his brother Caesar, “On Charity,” “Praise of the Maccabees,” “Praise of Cyprian,” “Praise of Athanasius,” “Praise of Maximus, the Philosopher Returned from Exile.” However, the latter work is sometimes signed with the pseudonym of Heron, since there is another work by Gregory, in which he reproaches the same Maxim. As if you can’t praise the same person for one thing and scold him for another. His other works include a book written in hexameter containing a discussion on virginity and marriage, two books “Against Eunomius”, one book “On the Holy Spirit”, one against the Emperor Julian. He inherited his style of speech from Polemon. Having blessed his successor for the bishopric, Gregory retired, lived a monastic life and died three or more years ago during the reign of Theodosius. Lucius, bishop of the Arian party after Athanasius, headed the diocese in Alexandria until the rise to power of Emperor Theodosius, under whom he was deposed. Some of his holiday messages have survived, for example “On the Jewish Passover,” and several small works on various topics. Diodorus, Bishop of Tarsus, enjoyed enormous fame while still presbyter of Antioch. There are his commentaries on the Epistles of the Apostles, as well as other works in the manner of Eusebius the Great of Emesa, whose views he followed, but whose eloquence he could not imitate due to ignorance of worldly literature. Eunomius, bishop of Cyzicus and a member of the Arian party, fell into such blasphemy in his heresy that he publicly proclaimed what others hid. They say that he still lives in Cappadocia and writes a lot against the church. Apollinaris, Didymus, Basil of Caesarea, Gregory of Nazianzus and Gregory of Nyssa answered him. Priscillian, Bishop of Avila, belonged to the party of Hydatius and Iphatius and was executed at Trier under the tyrant Maximus. He published many small works, some of which have come down to us. Some still accuse him of the sin of Gnosticism, that is, of the heresy of Basilides or Mark, of which Irenaeus writes, while his defenders maintain that he held no such views at all. Latronian of Spain, a man of great learning, in the matter of versification worthy of comparison with the poets of antiquity. He, like Priscillian, Felicissimus, Julian and Eucrotius, was executed in Trier, because together with them he created heresies. There are many fruits of his genius, written in different syllables. Tiberian of the Vatican, responding to accusations that he shared the heresy of Priscillian, wrote a defense characterized by pompous language and a mixture of styles. But after the death of his friends, overwhelmed by the loneliness of exile, he again changed his views, as the Holy Scripture says: “The dog returns to his vomit,” and married a nun, a virgin destined for Christ. Ambrose, Bishop of Milan, currently continues to write. I refrain from making judgments about him because he is alive: and I will neither praise nor denounce him, otherwise I may be accused of sycophancy or truthfulness. Evagrius, Bishop of Antioch, a man of outstanding mental acuity, while still a presbyter, read me treatises on various topics that he had not yet published. Translated “The Life of Anthony” from Athanasius’s Greek into our language. Ambrose of Alexandria. Ambrose of Alexandria, a disciple of Didymus, wrote a great work, On the Doctrines, against Apollinaris, and, as I was recently informed, a commentary on Job. He is currently alive. Maximus, a philosopher, was born in Alexandria, was consecrated bishop of Constantinople, and subsequently deposed. He wrote the outstanding work “On Faith” against the Arians and handed it over to Emperor Gratian in Milan. Gregory, bishop of Nyssa, brother of Basil of Caesarea, several years ago read a book against Eunomius to Gregory of Nazianzus and to me. They say he wrote many other works and continues to write. John, a presbyter of the church in Antioch, a follower of Eusebius of Emesa and Diodorus, is known for having written many books, but of these I have read only his work “The Discourse on the Priesthood.” Gelasius, bishop of Caesarea Palestine after Euzoius, is known for writing in a more or less smooth style, but did not publish his works. Theotimos, a bishop from the city of Tom in Scythia, published short, aphoristic treatises in the form of dialogues in the ancient style. I know that he is now writing other books. Dexter, the son of Pakian, whom I mentioned above, stood out among the representatives of his generation and devoted himself to the service of the Christian faith. He wrote, as I was told, “General History,” which I have not yet read. Amphilochius, Bishop of Iconium, recently read to me the book “On the Holy Spirit,” proving that the Holy Spirit is God, that He should be revered and that He is omnipotent. Sophronius, a man of the highest learning, wrote, while still a youth, “Praise of Bethlehem,” and recently a significant work “On the Overthrow of Serapis,” in addition, a letter to Eustachius, “On Virginity,” and “The Life of the Monk Hilarion.” He translated my short works into Greek in a polished style, as well as the Psalter and the books of the Prophets, which I translated from Hebrew into Latin. I, Jerome, son of Eusebius from the city of Stridon, which was on the border between Dalmatia and Pannonia and was destroyed by the Goths, until the present time, i.e. before the fourteenth year of the reign of Emperor Theodosius, wrote the following: the life of the hermit Paul, one book of letters to various persons, a letter of exhortation to Heliodorus, a book about the dispute between the follower of Lucifer and the Orthodox, a chronicle of universal history, twenty-eight discourses of Origen on the books of Jeremiah and Ezekiel, which I translated from Greek into Latin, an epistle about Seraphim, an epistle about the word "Hosanna", an epistle on thrifty and wasteful sons, an epistle on three controversial issues concerning the Old Testament, two discourses on the book "Song of Songs", a book against Helvidius on the ever-virginity of Mary, an epistle to Eustochia on the preservation of virginity, one book of letters to Marcella, a consoling epistle to Paul on the death of her daughter, three books of commentaries on Paul's Epistle to the Galatians, three books on the Epistle to Ephesians, one book on the Epistle to Titus, one book on the Epistle to Philemon, commentary on the book of Ecclesiastes, one book of Jewish traditions on the Book of Genesis, one book on localities, one book on Hebrew names, one book of Didymus on the Holy Spirit, which he translated from Greek into Latin, thirty-nine discourses on the Gospel of Luke, seven treatises on the psalms - from the tenth to the sixteenth, the life of the captive monk Malchus and the life of blessed Hilarion. I checked the New Testament with the original Greek, and translated the Old Testament from the Hebrew. The number of letters to Pavle and Eustochia, since they were written daily, is not known exactly. In addition, I wrote two books of commentaries on Micah, one book on Zephaniah, one book on Nahum, two books on Habakkuk, one book on Haggai, and many other commentaries on the books of the prophets, which are now in my hands and have not yet been completed. And also two books against Jovinian and two to Pammachius - “Apology” and an epitaph. You might be interested in: