Главы 80–99

Firmian, also known as Lactantius, a student of Arnobius, was summoned to Nicomedia during the reign of Diocletian along with Flavius ​​Grammaticus, whose poem On Medicine survives to this day, and taught rhetoric there. Due to the lack of students (since it was a Greek city), he began to write. We have his “Feast”, which he wrote in his youth in Africa, and “Travel Notes” written in hexameter - the result of a journey from Africa to Nicomedia. There is another book called “Grammar”, as well as one of the most beautiful - “On the Wrath of God”, in addition, “Divine Ordinances” against the pagans in seven books, a summary of the same work in one volume without a title, two books to Asclepiad, one “On Persecution”, four books of epistles to Probus, two books of epistles to the North, two books of epistles to the student Demetrius and another one to him - “On Creativity” God, or About the Creation of Man." In his old age he was the tutor of Crispus Caesar, son of Constantine in Gaul, who was subsequently executed by his father. Eusebius, Bishop of Caesarea in Palestine, diligently studied the Holy Scriptures and, together with Pamphilus the martyr, diligently worked with Biblical texts. He published a huge number of books, among which are the following: “A Proof for the Gospel” in twenty books, “Preparation for the Gospel” in fifteen books, “On the Epiphany” in five books, “Ecclesiastical History” in ten books, “Annals of Universal History and its Summary”, also “On the Discrepancies between the Gospels”, “On Isaiah” in ten books, “Against Porphyry”, which some believe wrote in the same time in Sicily, - in twenty-five books, one “Book of Topics”, six books “In Defense of Origen”, three books “On the Life of Pamphilus”, small books: “On the Martyrs”, highly scientific commentaries on one hundred and fifty psalms and much more. The years of Eusebius's life coincided with the reigns of Constantine the Great and Constantius. He received the nickname Pamphilus for his friendship with Pamphilus the martyr. Raetitius, bishop of Augustodunum, a city of the Aedui, was famous in Gaul under Constantine. I have read his commentaries on the Song of Songs and his excellent book Against Novatian, but have not been able to find any other works of his. Methodius, bishop of Olympus in Lycia and then of Tyre, wrote books against Porphyry in a logical and refined style, as well as the Feast of the Ten Virgins, the excellent work On the Resurrection, Against Origen, On Divination, On Free Will, and again Against Origen. He wrote commentaries on the book of Genesis and on the Song of Songs and many other books known to a wide circle of readers. At the end of the last persecution, or, as others say, during the reign of Decius and Valerian, he received the crown of martyrdom in Chalcis, in Greece. Juventius, a Spaniard from a noble family, a presbyter, translated the four Gospels almost literally in hexameter. In the same poetic meter he wrote other works related to the rite of communion. His work reached its peak during the reign of Constantine. Eustathius, a native of Side in Pamphylia, bishop first of Beria (in Syria) and then of Antioch, led the church. He wrote a lot against the Arians. Under Emperor Constantius, he was exiled to Thrace, to Traianopolis, where he is now. His works “On the Soul”, “On Ventriloquism”, “Against Origen” and letters, the number of which is too large to list, have survived. Marcellus, bishop of Ancyra, lived under Constantine and Constantius, and wrote many books on various topics, especially against the Arians. The works of Asterius and Apollinaris are well known, which accuse him of Sabellianism. Hilary, in the seventh book of his work against the Arians, speaks of him as a heretic. But he defends himself by saying that Julius and Athanasius, bishops of Rome and Alexandria, communicated with him. Athanasius, bishop of Alexandria, cruelly persecuted by the Arians, fled to Constantius, emperor of Gaul, and returned from there, having letters with him, but after the death of the emperor he was forced to flee and continued to hide until Jovian ascended the throne, after which he returned to the church and died during the reign of Valens. Various of his works are in circulation: two books against the pagans, one against Valens and Urtius, “On Virginity,” a lot of works on the Arians, also “On the Names of the Psalms” and “The Lives of the Monk Anthony,” messages on the occasion of festivals and other works too numerous to list. Anthony, a monk about whose life Bishop Athanasius of Alexandria wrote a large book. He sent seven letters in Coptic to various monasteries, letters truly apostolic in their thought and language, which were translated into Greek. The most important of the letters is to the Arsinoites. Anthony lived during the reign of Constantine and his sons. Basil, Bishop of Ancyra, a medical scientist, wrote a book against Marcellus, on virginity and a number of other works, and during the reign of Constantius he was together with Eustathius of Sebaste, Archbishop of Macedonia. Theodore, bishop of Heraclius in Thrace, during the reign of Emperor Constantius, published commentaries on the texts of Matthew and John, the Apostolic Epistles and the Psalter. They are written in an elegant and clear style and convey a great sense of history. Eusebius of Emesa, who had excellent rhetorical talent, wrote countless works worthy of delighting readers. They are written in true historical spirit; his books were read most diligently by those who often had to speak in public. The main of these books are against the Jews, pagans and Novatians, “Teachings on the Gospel”, short but numerous. He lived during the reign of Emperor Constantius and died under him. Buried in Antioch. Triphylius, bishop of Ledra, or Leucoteon, in Cyprus, was one of the most eloquent men of his time, and rose to prominence during the reign of Constantius. I read his commentary on the Song of Songs. It is said that he wrote many other books, but none of them have reached us. Donatus, whose followers - the Donatists - appeared in Africa during the reign of the emperors Constantine and Constantius. He claimed that the Holy Scriptures were given by Christians to the pagans during persecution, and with his persuasiveness he misled almost all of Africa, especially Numidia. Many of his heretical books have survived. Among them is “On the Holy Spirit,” a work in line with the teachings of the Arians. Asterius, a philosopher, an adherent of the Arians, during the reign of Constantius wrote commentaries on the Epistle to the Romans, on the Gospels and Psalms, as well as many other books, which his fellow believers diligently read. Lucifer, Bishop of Calaria, Pancratius and Hilary, priests of the Roman Church, were sent by Bishop Liberius as ambassadors to Emperor Constantius. When Lucifer refused to condemn the Nicene faith, as Athanasius writes, he was again sent to Palestine, showing amazing firmness and determination to accept martyrdom. He wrote a book against Emperor Constantius, to whom he sent it to read. Soon after this he returned to Calaria under Emperor Julian. Died under Valentinian. Eusebius, a native of Sardinia, was first a priest in Rome, and then a bishop in the city of Vercelli. For his faith in Christ, he was exiled by Emperor Constantius to Scythopolis and then to Cappadocia. He returned to the church under Emperor Julian and published Eusebius of Caesarea's commentaries on the psalms, which he translated from Greek into Latin. He died during the reign of Valentinian and Valens. The Bishop of Aquileia, Fortunatian, an African by birth, during the reign of Constantius compiled short commentaries on the Gospels, divided into chapters and written in a simple style. Fortunatian is the object of general hostility because when Liberius, Bishop of Rome, was sent into exile for his faith, Fortunatian persistently persuaded him to join the heresy. Akakios, blind in one eye and therefore nicknamed One-Eyed, bishop of the church in Caesarea in Palestine, wrote seventeen books about Ecclesiastes and six on various topics, in addition, many treatises on various issues. He was so influential under Emperor Constantius that he made Felix bishop of Rome, who took the place of Liberius. Serapion, Bishop of Tmuit, who, due to his genius, was awarded the nickname Scholastic, was a close friend of the monk Anthony. He published an excellent book against the teachings of the Manichaeans, as well as the book “On the Inscriptions of Psalms” and “Useful Epistles to Various Persons.” Under Emperor Constantius he was known as a confessor. You might be interested in: