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Song of praise to Samuel's mother, Anna. Raising Samuel at the Tabernacle during the High Priesthood of Eli. The vices of the sons of Eli. Proclamation of God's judgment to the house of Elijah. 1 Samuel 2:1. And Anna prayed and said: My heart rejoices in the Lord; my horn is exalted in my God; My mouth is opened wide against my enemies, for I rejoice in Your salvation. “My heart rejoiced in the Lord”: when I thought about what the Lord had done for me. “My horn is exalted in my God,” i.e. my feminine dignity, strength and meaning have been restored and affirmed by God. (The horn is here a symbol of strength, power, self-defense.) “My mouth was opened wide against my enemies”: I received complete freedom to repel the blasphemies of my enemies, who reproached me for my barrenness (1 Samuel 2:5–6). “I rejoice in Your salvation,” i.e. about the salvation shown to me by You. 1 Samuel 2:3. Do not multiply arrogant speeches; Do not let insolent words come out of your mouth; For the Lord is a God of knowledge, and with Him works are weighed. An appeal to people who, due to their insolence and ignorance of the ways of God, reproached Anna for her infertility. 1 Samuel 2:4. The bow of the mighty is broken, but the weak are girded with strength; 1 Samuel 2:5. the well-fed work from bread, and the hungry rest; even a barren woman gives birth seven times, but a woman with many children faints. 1 Samuel 2:6. The Lord kills and gives life, brings down to the underworld and raises up; 1 Samuel 2:7. The Lord makes the poor and enriches, humiliates and exalts. 1 Samuel 2:8. He lifts up the poor from the dust, He lifts up the needy from clay, making Him sit with the nobles, and He gives them the throne of glory for an inheritance; For the Lord has the foundations of the earth, and upon them He established the world. 1 Samuel 2:9. He watches the feet of His saints, and the wicked disappear in darkness; for man is not strong by strength. Everything and everyone is in the hands of God. His ways are inscrutable, His power and intelligence are infinite. Those who seemed strong, wealthy and glorious to us on the outside often turn out before the court of the Omniscient and All-Holy (1 Samuel 2:3) Lord morally weak, unworthy, as if doomed to destruction by their own insignificance. People who outwardly seemed weak to us, unworthy of God’s mercies, often turn out to be exalted by Him for their inner virtues. 1 Samuel 2:10. The Lord will wipe out those who argue with Him; will thunder upon them from heaven. [The Lord is holy. Let not the wise man boast in his wisdom, and let not the mighty boast in his strength, and let not the rich man boast in his riches, but let him who desires to boast boast in that he understands and knows the Lord.] The Lord will judge the ends of the earth, and will give strength to His king, and will exalt the horn of His anointed. “The Lord will judge the ends of the earth, and will give strength to His king, and will exalt the horn” (strength, strength) of “His anointed.” In the immediate sense, here we mean the beloved and glorified King of the Jews, David, as well as his son and successor, the powerful and glorious Solomon (1 Samuel 7:1; 1 Chronicles 17:1). In a more distant, prophetic and messianic sense - the Divine Descendant of David in the flesh - our Lord Jesus Christ, who with His teaching and life brought to earth “judgment to the (sinful) world of this” (John 12:31) and has to come again to earth - for the Last Judgment and righteous reward for sinners and the righteous ( Matthew 12:36,13:41,16:27,19:28,24:31,25:32; John 5:22,54,12:48; 2 Pet.3:7,10; 2 Cor.1:14,5:10; 1 Cor.1:8,4:5; 2Thess.2:2 and many others). The laudatory and prophetic song of Samuil's mother Anna formed the basis of the third irmos of church canons. 1 Samuel 2:12. The sons of Eli were worthless people; they didn't know the Lord “They did not know the Lord,” i.e. they did not want to recognize His commandments and commandments. 1 Samuel 2:13. and the duty of priests in relation to the people. When someone made a sacrifice, the priestly youth, while cooking the meat, came with a fork in his hand 1 Samuel 2:14. and he put it in a cauldron, or in a saucepan, or in a frying pan, or in a pot, and whatever the fork took out, the priest took for himself. This is what they did to all the Israelites who came there to Shiloh. 1 Samuel 2:15. Even before they burned the fat, the priestly youth came and said to the one making the sacrifice: give the meat to the priest for roast; he will not take boiled meat from you, but give him raw meat. 1 Samuel 2:16. And if someone said to him: let them burn the fat first, as it should, and then take for yourself as much as your soul desires, then he said: no, give it now, and if not, then I will take it by force. This refers to peaceful sacrifices. See note. to 1 Samuel 1:4. 1 Samuel 2:18. The boy Samuel served before the Lord, wearing a linen ephod. The ephod was one of the clothes of the Old Testament high priest, woven from multi-colored yarn and gold (Ex. 28:1). Samuel's linen ephod was not, of course, a high priestly ephod, since he had no right to it. Most likely, it was a sleeveless linen outer garment, reminiscent in its cut of the high priest's ephod and therefore received the name of the latter. It was worn by persons who dedicated themselves to the service of God (cf. 1 Samuel 22:18), or on a special occasion of religious importance (2 Samuel 6:14). Something like those white linen surplices that are used by altar boys during Catholic services. 1 Samuel 2:25. if man sins against man, they will pray to God for him; If a person sins against the Lord, then who will intercede for him? But they did not listen to the voice of their father, for the Lord had already decided to put them to death. Sins committed mainly against people can be covered by God’s mercy, since they do not yet indicate a state of hopeless bitterness of a person against the will of God and allow for the possibility of moral improvement for him. Sins that reveal in a person a state of hopeless bitterness against the will of God require severe retribution, which is instructive for others (cf. Matt. 12:31). “For” – in the sense of therefore. “Decided” - in the sense of allowing it. Put them to death: see 1 Samuel 4:10–11. 1 Samuel 2:27. And the man of God came to Eli and said to him, “Thus says the Lord: Did I not reveal myself to the house of your father, while they were still in Egypt, in the house of Pharaoh?” “Man of God” is one of the proclaimers of the will of God (cf. 1 Samuel 9:6), whose name remains unknown to us. “To your father’s house” – i.e. the tribe of Levi, chosen by God from among all the other tribes of Israel for special service to Him at the tabernacle (see 1 Samuel 2:28). “In Egypt, in the house” (i.e., kingdom) of Pharaoh. 1 Samuel 2:29. Why do you trample underfoot My sacrifices and My grain offerings, which I have commanded for My habitation, and why do you prefer your sons to Me, fattening yourselves with the firstfruits of all the offerings of My people Israel? For the “grain offerings” to the Tabernacle, see note. to Lev.2:1. “Being fattened with the firstfruits of all the offerings of my people.” According to the law of Moses (Exod. 23:19; Lev. 19:23–24, 23:10–14, 16–17; Num. 18:12, etc.), the Jews were obliged to deliver to the tabernacle the first fruits of their harvest, grapes, oil, the first bread baked from new wheat, part of the wool of sheep, etc. for the maintenance of members of the tribe of Levi. 1 Samuel 2:31. Behold, the days are coming in which I will cut off your arm and the arm of your father's house, so that there will not be an old man in your house [ever]; “There will be no old man in your house,” i.e. Eli's descendants will die before reaching old age (cf. 1 Samuel 2:33). 1 Samuel 2:32. and you will see the misery of My habitation, even though the Lord does good to Israel and there will be no elder in your house all the days, 1 Samuel 2:33. I will not take you all away from my altar, to torment your eyes and torment your soul; but all the descendants of your house will die in middle age. 1 Samuel 2:34. And this is the sign that will follow your two sons, Hophni and Phinehas: they will both die on the same day. 1 Samuel 2:35. And I will appoint for myself a faithful priest; he will do according to My heart and according to My soul; And I will make his house strong, and he will walk before My anointed always; 1 Samuel 2:36. and everyone who remains from your house will come to bow to him for a piece of silver and a piece of bread and will say: “Rank me among some Levitical office, so that I can have food.” In the immediate sense, there is a transfer of the high priesthood from the house of Eli (the family of Ithamar) to the house of Zadok (the family of Eleazar), see 1 Kings 2:27. In a more distant and complete sense, what is said in the noted verses applies, according to the remark of Blessed. Theodoret, “not to any of the people, but to our Lord Jesus Christ alone, who according to humanity is called our bishop (Heb. 4:14-15). The expression “all the days” is indecent for mortal people who live a short time. He called the holy apostles and those who successively accepted their teaching anointed” (Blessed Theodoret, Commentary on 1 Kings, issue 7). You might be interested in: