September 5th. Service (other) of the holy prophet Zechariah and holy righteous Elizabeth

As you know, in our current Menaions, under the fifth day of September, there are two services in honor of the prophet Zechariah and the righteous Elizabeth: one of them is simple with stichera for six and in everything almost similar to its Greek original 1, and the other is an original Russian, full service with stichera for “I have cried to the Lord” for eight, with paremias, with magnification, a selected psalm with magnification and special troparion The history of the origin of this “other” service is very interesting and instructive, and therefore we intend to trace its fate on the basis of the data contained in the archives of the printing library. One simple careful reading of the current service: “another service of the same holy prophet Zechariah and holy righteous Elizabeth” clearly shows that this service was compiled for a particularly important solemn occasion. The preference in the service for the memory of Elizabeth over the prophet Zechariah and the appeal to the righteous Elizabeth for the most part, the chosen psalm on magnification clearly tells us about the intention of the compiler. This intention is directly expressed in the service to these saints, published by order of the Holy Governing Synod in 1719 and printed without any changes to the present day. Here, in the troparia of the ninth and eighth cantos, it is directly spoken of the namesake 2, that is, about Elizabeth Petrovna, daughter of Peter the Great. Thus, there is no doubt that this service was compiled in Rus' with the purpose of marking the name day of Grand Duchess Elizabeth Petrovna, later the Russian Empress, with strict observance of royal days at the beginning of the 17th century, with a solemn service, i.e. a complete all-night vigil, which the service to the righteous Zechariah and Elizabeth that existed at that time, translated from the Greek Menaion, did not provide. The documents from the archives of the Moscow Typographical Library that we mentioned fully confirm our idea. In the files of this archive of 1719, we read, regarding the printing of this service, the following: “This May to the President Privy Councilor Count Ivan Alekseevich Musin-Pushkin in a letter from the cabinet secretary of Mr. Makarov it is written: the royal majesty indicated that the books given by father Archimandrite Theodosius 3 should be printed here in the drukarne about the celebration on the day of the namesake Empress Princess Elizaveta Petrovna, and give those books to him for distribution to the dioceses without money, and the workshop director (in the printing house) Mikhail Avramov to give the above books to Father Archimandrite Theodosius for sending to the dioceses, according to this decree of his great sovereign And how much will be given to the staff office of the board to submit for. hand" 4. This decree was sent by Count Ivan Musin-Pushkin to the workshop director of the St. Petersburg printing house, Mikhail Avraamov, by whose order the Synodal St. Petersburg printing house printed the said service in quantities of 600 copies. On the 24th of July of the same 1719, these books in the amount of 597 5 copies were transferred, by a special decree, by clerk Theodore Vasilkov to the treasurer Ivan Prokofiev for transfer to Alexander Nevsky Archimandrite Theodosius, who was supposed to send out these services to the dioceses 6 . On July 26 of the same year, a decree was sent to the Moscow Synodal Printing House addressed to its chief inspector Feodor Polikarpov with the following content: “By his great sovereign’s decree, the now printed book about the celebration on the name day of Empress Princess Elizabeth Petrovna has been sent to you for printing and sale to the people at a specified price and for distribution in Moscow on churches, one book per church without money” 7 . This decree was received in Moscow on August 10, along with a copy of the present publishing service of the St. Petersburg Printing House. From this “sent book was printed for distribution in Moscow among cathedrals and monasteries and in one hundred and forty parish churches without money and for sale to the people.” The book was printed in the Osipov alphabet, in the amount of 1,200 copies, bound in half-length 8 and published on August 17, 1719, 17 days 9. The designated books for non-monetary distribution were sent from the order of books of printing to the Tiuna chamber, and this commission was entrusted to the judge of the Tiuna chamber, the Zlatoust monastery of Archimandrite Anthony 10. Since the number of cathedrals, monasteries and parish churches in Moscow at that time was determined by the figure of 297 churches, this number of service books in honor of the prophet Zechariah and the righteous Elizabeth was, in turn, sent by Archimandrite Anthony in the order of church affairs to the manager of the city deanery of the Nine-Martyr Church, priest Mikhail Timoeyev 11, who had already fulfilled the order of the decree 1719 from July 26. On September 1 of the same year, Archimandrite Anthony received from the order of books of printing again 30 books with the order, “to send out those books with whom it is decent to the dioceses, namely: to Rostov, Ryazan, Kolomna, ten bound books each at half a dime without money.” The books and the decree were delivered to Archimandrite Anthony through the clerk Perfilius Protopopov. But Archimandrite Anthony did not take upon himself this difficult and unpleasant commission for him and did not accept from Protopopov either the decree or the 30 books sent with him on the basis that “such a decree and books cannot be accepted, and there is no one to send those books to the dioceses, since he does not have messengers and postmen.” 12 How the matter ended regarding the dispatch of these services is not visible from the case, but it is undoubtedly known that from that time on the 5th of September, for the sake of “the triumph of the name day of the noble great empress Princess Elizabeth Petrovna,” the “ina” service to the righteous Zacharias and Elizabeth was performed in all dioceses, according to these books newly composed by Archimandrite Theodosius of the Alexander Nevsky Lavra. Having finished printing the book “The Service of the Holy Prophet Zechariah and the Holy Righteous Elizabeth” in the last days of August 1719, the typesetters of the printing yard: Pyotr Ivanov, Andrei Serebryakov, Ivan Petrov and their comrades turned to the sovereign with a request with the following content: “Most sovereign king, most merciful sovereign! according to your great sovereign according to the decree, we typed your below-named servants and made a book of the service of Zechariah the Prophet and Elizabeth at noon and made three sheets of that service in the Osipov alphabet, but for the typing and for the work of the table we were not given anything to your below-named servants, but we did that service not in line, on the walking days, we ask your Majesty, may your Majesty command us to your below-named servants. for this service, for recruitment and for the catering business, to be issued against the previous dachas" 13. Since “in the Order of Printing Books, for typing and sorting and for any table work, typing the Osipov alphabet, craftsmen are given seven rubles and a half rubles per notebook,” and in this book there are three sheets of paper, then, according to the decree of the Great Sovereign, which took place on August 27, it was ordered: “for the craftsmen, for the above-described work, the specified money is given and imposed on the same books.” 14. In 1722, the Holy Governing Synod already issued an order to print the service of the holy prophet Zechariah and Elizabeth a second time, 15 which was carried out exactly. The service was printed in “quite a number” of copies 16. Soon after this, the present service was included in the September Menaion and took the place where we see it at the present time. This happened approximately between 1724 and 1747, since at that time there were three editions of the full circle of monthly Menyas 17, and when the fourth edition of the Menyas of 1763 was started, the references directly stated (1763 March 5) that “these books were attested by them by general reading and in everything are against the previous publications and sent from the Holy Government Synod of decrees and the co-authored definitions given to them from the printing office, the copies are similar and serviceable” 18. As for the printing of the liturgical Menyas of 1763, it is very important for us and closely relates to the service we are considering to the righteous Zechariah and Elizabeth. Documents from the printing house make it clear that at this time they were already beginning to think about excluding this service from the September Menaion, as “unnecessary.” Indeed, with the death of Empress Elizabeth Petrovna, there were no persons in our reigning house who bore the name of Elizabeth, and therefore there was now no need for such service. This idea was expressed openly in their report dated December 1, 1763, No. 752, by the inspectors of the Synodal Printing House: Pyotr Rybakov, Ivan Evdokimov, Alexander Ilyin, Feodor Pomortsev, Simeon Andreevsky, Iakov Osipov, Nikolai Rezanov, Osip Khudyakov, Seriy Vasiliev, Ivan Koryakin, Alexey Feodorov and Alexey Mavritsky. The report is very interesting and we present it in its entirety. “By virtue of the decree sent from the Holy Governing Synod to the Moscow Printing Office, this office determined, the above-mentioned inspectors wrote, to print the monthly Menaions in a quarter in the biblical alphabet, only those Menaions in a quarter pre-printed against the destine Menaions are not complete and are not similar: they serve as Demetrius, Metropolitan of Rostov and Nin Stolbensky have not yet been given to the miracle workers. Also, in the fourth monthly Menaions, the services of the twelve apostles and two evangelists Mark and Luke are printed on six, and in the ninth Menaions, the services for each of the twelve apostles and evangelists are printed with polyeleos, and in addition, in the ninth monthly Menaions, in addition to the ordinary service, another service with polyeleos is printed to the prophet Zechariah and the righteous Elizabeth, which was composed again during the life of the highly blessed and eternally worthy memory of the Empress Elizabeth Petrovna, and this service in the actual life of Her Imperial Majesty was befitting of the then past time after her death, as from the verses below printed in that service on the 9th song, it is clearly clear, namely: verse 1 “Believe the coming Messiah to be your Lord and the commandments of the Lord's church, thou didst please him Elizabeth: pray therefore to the all-good Master of the same name of all who praise thee, that souls may be saved,” verse 2 “Whoever preserves the commandments of God to love him and God is promised to appear to him: who walked in his commandments, thou art beloved by the same God, Elisabeth, pray to the all-good for namesake and may she love God and be beloved by His compassion.” For this reason, we ask the Moscow Printing Office to instruct these quarterly Menaions of monthly printing that those quarterly Menaions should be printed from quarterly originals or from destined ones, and if from destined ones, then not included services to Metropolitan Demetrius and Ninus of Stolbensky the Wonderworker, as well as polyeleos services to the twelve apostles and evangelists in these whether to introduce, and especially the newly composed service to Saints Zechariah and Elizabeth, whether to print it, since in addition to that newly composed service, the ordinary service to the prophet Zechariah was laid down in those quarter Menaions of the menstruation, and then the newly composed one, as unnecessary, will not be ordered to be bypassed by printing and completely canceled “19. It was impossible not to agree with such completely fair arguments, and the Moscow Printing Office on October 2 of the same year therefore made the following decision on the matter: “According to the above-described reference report concerning the monthly menses before printing the quarter Menyas, it is necessary to print these from the decimal menses now printed, except for the mentioned service to the saints and righteous Zechariah and Elizabeth in everything, and about this service, by virtue of the decree received last June 1747, June 16, 20, 20 from the Holy Governing Synod to the printing office of the decree, to submit to the Moscow Holy Governing Synod office with the same opinion from the printing office that it should be printed in the quarter Menaions of the menstruation in the likeness of the destined ones, decently making only in the first verse the exception of the sayings: “namesake” ... and “and” ... and at the end of the second verse the change is as follows: “pray for all good things for all of us, so that we may love God and be loved by his compassion.” For greater consideration and authority, all this should be handed over to the Holy Governing Synod office and await Her and the Imperial Majesty’s decree about it” 21. The issue raised by the Moscow Synodal Printing House about the printing of the service to the righteous Zechariah and Elizabeth in the Menaions of 1763 and the proposed amendments to it was not resolved in the Holy Synod even by the beginning of 1765. Under April 15 of this year, in the printing affairs, we find the following remark regarding the service that interests us: “to convey the news about the now newly printed Menaions of the Months, that they are again printed until the month of September, upon printing until the 5th, upon submission from the printing office of this February 1765, 10th day to the Holy Governing Synod and about the service to the saints and righteous Zechariah and Elizabeth, awaiting a decree to do so, keep the seal “22.” The Moscow Synodal Printing House indirectly touched upon this issue again in the same year, 1765, on April 18, when, at the request of the Holy Synod on the 4th and 7th of the same month, it sent 15 years of Menaion, which, by the way, included the service we are considering. “Behind the release, there will remain in cash 66 years, at a cost of 1444 rubles 23 and will it be deigned to have them, since they exist, or, excluding the mentioned service and reprinting, just as they were printed before the introduction of that one, only one sheet, to the demanders, of whom quite a few appear every day, to release it for sale for the return of capital” 24. This time, the Holy Synod, in its decree of September 21 of the same year, No. 1731, directly and categorically stated: “in the designated monthly Menaions of the righteous saints Zechariah and Elizabeth, now printed in this Moscow printing house, the service should be printed as it was before the works prescribed above during the life of the blessed and eternally worthy memory of the great Empress Empress Elizaveta Petrovna's service was printed again on “25. This decree was announced to the collectors of the Moscow Synodal Printing Library on October 5 of the same year. By virtue of this decree, the September Menaion of 1768 was published with the service to the righteous Zechariah and Elizabeth in the form in which this service was printed for the first time in 1719, during the life of the late Empress Elizabeth Petrovna. Since that time, despite the obvious inappropriateness of the above expressions in the 9th song of the canon, this service has been printed invariably even now, both in the Menaions of the Moscow Printing House 26 and the Kiev 27, causing some bewilderment among those who have to use it 28. From what we have said, the following provisions follow: 1) “Another service of the holy prophet Zechariah and holy righteous Elizabeth,” which is now in Menaion on the fifth day of the month of September, is of Russian origin and has nothing in common with the Greek service to the same saints. 2) This service was compiled in 1719 for a solemn service on the name day of the late Empress Elizabeth Petrovna, who at that time was still a Grand Duchess. 3) The compiler of this service was Archimandrite of the Alexander Nevsky Lavra, later Metropolitan of St. Petersburg Theodosius. 4) This service was included in the September monthly Menaion between 1724 and 1747 and since then, despite the inappropriateness of some expressions due to their outdatedness, in the complete absence of any indications about it in our modern Typikon or Church Charter, it continues to be published in our Menaions without any even very necessary amendments, which were pointed out by the references of 1768 The difference between the present service according to the Greek Menaion is as follows: in the stichera on “I cried to the Lord”, on “and now” the Theotokos “Κύριε τῆς σἐ τεχούσης πρεσβείαις” is sung, περιφρούρησον τήν ποίμνην σον" ..., Holy Cross "Κύριε σἐ ό ἤλιος εἶδεν..." Stichera on verse are based, as in our Menea, from the Octoechos, but here there are also special stichera on the stichera for those who wish. Εἰ δε βούλει is said here, εἰπὲ τα παρόντα προσόμοια τοδ αγἰον, ἦχος πλ δ. These stichera are as follows: ω τού ποραδόξου ϑαύματος, ό παρεστὼς τφ Θεφ εν ύψἰστοις ἀρχαγγελοις..., verse “εύφογητὸσ κὸριος ὸ Θεόσ..., stichera “ω τού ποραδόξου ϑαύματος τῆς παφαιᾶς σιγην"... verse "καἰ σύ παιδίον" and stichera "ω τού ποραδόξου ϑαύματος ὲν ἰερεδοι καἰ ὲν μὰρτοστν ἄριστος "on and now the Mother of God ύνερήαν ὰφηϑὼς" and the Holy Cross "πόνους ύπομεἰνασα πολλούς ὲν τῆ τού Υἰοῦ καἰ Θεοῦσον"... exapostilary "`Αμαπτως ιερετεδσος..." theotokos "παρηλϑον μητροπάρϑενε" and crucifixion Υἰοῦ καἰ Θεοῦσον (Μην. edit. Venet. 1628) Service of St. Prophet Zechariah and St. right Elizabeth ed. Moscow type 1719 11. Alexander Nevsky Archimandrite, compiler of the service in honor of the righteous Zechariah and Elizabeth. Files of the Moscow archive. Synod. Typographer, librarian. for 1717–1721 No. 18 pp. 469. The Armory Chamber decided to sell a copy of each of these books for 2 altyns and 4 money. The total amount of money for all books from the sale should have been 47 rubles, 25 altyns and 2 money (M. Typogr. bibliography for 1721 - 1717 No. 18 l. 469 vol.). Books were sold like this: books in notebooks cost 2 altyns per money, and books in paper binding cost 3 money (Ibid). Affairs Moscow. Typogr. bib. No. 18 l. 470. Architect's Affairs M. Typogr. bib. No. 20 l. 32. Architect's Affairs M. Type. bib. 1719 No. 20 l. 81 rev. A copy of this service of this publication is stored in the Moscow library. Typographical No. 1189 - 733 (171), which I. Karataev (Chronologist, painting of the Slavs, books of St. Petersburg 1861, p. 182, No. 1418) and A. Viktorov (Chronologist, index of Slavic - Russian books of church printing from 1491 to 1864. I ed. M., 1871 p. 133, No. 1596), apparently due to an oversight, is considered to be a publication of the St. Petersburg printing house. Architect's Affairs Moscow Typogr. bib. No. 20 l. 33 rev. Cases of 1719 arch. M. Typogr. bib. No. 20 l. 81 rev. Copies of this service of 1722 are stored in many libraries, but all of them were published as if by a St. Petersburg printing house (Victor. Chronological index of Slavic-Russian books of church printing, p. 172 No. 1684). However, I. Karataev, according to Sopikov, mentions the publication of this service in the Moscow Synodal Printing House (Chronological list of the Slavs, books of St. Petersburg. 1861, p. 191, No. 1478). To our deep regret, we ourselves have not personally seen a single copy of this service in this edition and cannot say whether there were two editions of the service to the righteous Zechariah and Elizabeth this year or only one. From the papers of the arch. Moscow Synod. Typogr. bib. undoubtedly, we only know about the St. Petersburg edition of this service (Dela 1732, l. 184). Architect's Affairs M. Typogr. Syn. bib. 1732 l. 184. Monthly Menaions of the 1724, 1741 and 1747 editions. are kept in the library of the Trinity-Sergius Lavra (Vict. Chronological index. Slavic-Russian books of church press, pp. 173, 189 and 204). Architect's Affairs M. Typogr. bib. No. 290 l. 29. Architect's Affairs M. Synod. Typogr. bib. 1803 No. 50 l. 1. In this case, reference is made to decree No. 123, which ordered “reference officers in books printed from previous originals not to make any corrections in speeches again without a decree” (Register of protocols for 1747, arch. affairs. Moscow. Typographical bibliography l. 21). Architect's Affairs Type. M. Synod, bib. 1763 No. 50 l. 3. In total, as of this year, Menya monthly was listed at the printing yard of “81 bookbindings at a cost of 1804 rubles.” Architect's Affairs M.Typogr. bib. l. 20. Architect's Affairs M. Typogr. bib. 1763 No. 50 l. 20. In the Moscow Synodal Printing House, and after the death of Empress Elizabeth Petrovna, the service to the righteous Zechariah and Elizabeth was published in a separate edition, for example, in 1760 on May 10th (A copy is stored in the Moscow Printing Library under No. 79–2175) See, e.g., Sept. Min. ed. Kyiv. 1750 l. 28. “Another” service to the righteous Zechariah and Elizabeth is currently usually used in churches dedicated to these saints. When reading the verses on the ninth canon of the canon, the readers, bearing in mind that at present, God-protected Rus' is ruled by the sovereign hand of the Sovereign, and not the Empress, the expression of the namesake replaces the namesake and thereby distorts the thought with the song and brings a smile to attentive pilgrims... Therefore, when reading the two troparions of the ninth canon of the canon, it is necessary, in our opinion, to make the change that was indicated by the references 1763. You might be interested in: