Глава LVIII. О принадлежности и лишении

Accessory is the action of both the object that is owned and the one that has, both a weapon and an armed one, or both a dress and one dressed in a dress; secondly, characterized by stability, acquired actions, both physical and mental: physical, for example, heat in heated bodies; mental, for example, knowledge; thirdly, that which does not yet have action, but has the ability to perceive it - this constitutes the first meaning of the term “potential” (του δυναμει); fourthly, a physical quality or physical state - for example, the warmth of fire and the vision of a sleeper - this constitutes the second meaning of the term “potential”: for fire can burn, but in fact does not burn, and the first is the term “actual” (του ενεργεια); fifthly, complete action: for example, vision, already seeing, warmth, already warming. Deprivation is the loss of belonging. So, the first meaning of belonging is opposed to the absence of weapons or clothing; the second – the loss of acquired states, when, for example, the heated object cools down; the third is that the entire genus to which a thing belongs, by its nature, cannot have a known effect, so we call a child capable of music, but in no case a fig tree. Thus, the fig tree lacks certain properties, since the genus of plants does not have the ability to perceive music. Or the genus has a certain ability, and one of the species does not have it. Thus, an animal has the ability to see, while a mole, which is a species of animal, does not have the ability to see. The fourth meaning corresponds to loss of ability combined with possession; fifth – loss of full effect; We called this case above the opposite of the opposite on the part of belonging and deprivation, that is, force - active and passive. This case is characterized by the following three features: what is characteristic of a thing and what it does not have at all, but is completely deprived of: when does a thing by nature have a certain property, and where does it have it? So we do not call a stone blind, because it is not typical for it to have sight. Likewise, we do not call a newborn dog puppy blind or a newborn baby toothless, since it is not common for both of them to have these accessories at this time. In the same way, we do not call the leg blind, because it is not common for an animal to have vision in the leg. So, we speak of deprivation when a thing in these three senses is capable of having a certain property, but does not have it. You might be interested in: