65. 1448–1458 г. Послания митрополита Ионы в Новгород: I) apxиепископу Евфимию и II) гражданам – о прекращении междоусобий

The first of these messages is published based on the collection of Count A.S. Uvarov No. 512 (formerly Tsarskogo No. 366), l. 200 rev; the latter - according to the collection of the Synodal Library No. 562, l. 42 rev.–48. They were published, according to the latest collection, in the first volume of Historical Acts under No. 44; The printed text versions of the first message are canceled in this edition with the letter A. I. Messenger from Metropolitan Jonah to Euthymius, Archbishop of Veliky Novgorod, about some discord and bloodshed. Blessing of Jonah, Metropolitan of Kyiv and All Rus', about the Holy Spirit to our beloved son and brother and colleague of our humility, Euthymius, God-loving Archbishop of Veliky Novgorod. 2568 For this, son and brother, our humility always prays to the lover of mankind, God and His Most Pure Mother of God, that your love for God will be 2569 savingly and physically healthy for many years, with your God-given flock from the Savior 2570 of our God, with all Orthodox Christianity. And about this, son and brother, I ask you, so as not to despise our humility, about the same things we hear happening from some of your children, Orthodox Christians, and even more so, from honest people in your flock in Veliky Novgorod: some internecine conflicts and strife, and murders, and bloodshed, and several that have happened and are happening 2571 murder of Orthodox Christianity, and for that, for the evil 2572 godless deed of hiring 2573, on both sides, malevolent and bloodthirsty drunken people who do not care about their souls. And for this reason, in remembrance of your love for God, I want to write something a little from the divine scripture; and to us 2574, son and brother, as you yourself weigh the divine scripture according to the great bishopric 2575: but with our humility, in accordance with our hierarchical duty, I am writing this to you 2576, and from our Lord the Savior God, according to the spoken commandment of the Prophet Ezekiel: “Son of man 2577, your guardian I gave to the house of Israel, and hear a word from me and forbid them: never say to the wicked 2578 that you die 2579 and do not hang him, then I will require his blood 2580 from your hand; If you bear witness to him and he does not turn from his iniquity, he himself will die in his sin, and you will deliver your soul.” And again: “When the 2581 righteous man turns from his righteousness, you 2582 commit sins, 2583 yourself die in your sin, and whoever does not remember his righteousness that he has done, and his blood from your hand was expended, you did not tell him before; If you make a commandment 2584 for the righteous, he will not sin, and you will live 2585 with your life, and you will deliver your soul.” And again: “As I live, says the Lord, I do not want death for the sinner, but conversion 2586 to his life.” And sometimes he says: “He who feeds the chaste flock of Christ is called 2587 by the mouth of God; saying: “If you honestly punish someone who is unworthy 2588, you will be my mouth.” And listen, son and brother, to the fifty-eighth canon of the holy Apostles, with what prohibition the mother says: “As a bishop or presbyter, if you neglect the clergy or the people, and do not punish them with piety, let him be excommunicated; remain in laziness, and let it erupt.” And hear, son and brother, spoken by Saint Nikon from the divine scriptures: “and 2589 how much art and distinction befits one who has been given teaching by God, and what is the essence appropriate for him 2590: and I will bring into the midst of the one from our holy Fathers and teachers, the divine 2591 verb of Chrysostom, the pillar of the church and affirmation, How a certain writer speaks about him, as if his lips are free to those who receive immeasurable name; always teach, much more in favor, in conversations he is majestic and proud of those who do not know him 2592; changing words and images for the benefit of those who listen, just as Chrysostom himself speaks; “A teacher and a shepherd deserve to be different.” What does the verb say? as if she is not a caresser and an annoyancer, but filled with many freedoms and caresses and non-abuse 2593, leading to torment 2594 the most needy, when the deed of guilt wears out this: and it is good to be abundant and fierce. It is not necessary to do 2595 the same thing to those who are blessed 2596, but to those who are good and diligently listen to the teacher - goodness and mercy, and to the evil and cruel - the most cruel and cruel, so that everything will be corrected and lead 2597 to the good path of true repentance; Just as they teach no one doctor to bring medicine to all the sick 2598, below the pack and the helmsman leads the hedgehog in the same way to 2599 with the spirit of struggle. 2600 For it is fitting for a teacher to be honest, and not exalted and approachable, and gracious 2601, and sociable, and pleasing, and humble, and not enslaved, and bright and quiet, so that convenience will contribute to everyone.” And for this sake, for my son and brother, like the above, I remember little of the divine scriptures, but I weigh a lot of the larger and more extensive things myself. And I bless you, my son and brother, because you yourself punished and taught with your words, and the priests all the commandments, as if each of them 2602 punishes and teaches his spiritual children to retreat and excommunicate from all evil deeds. 2603 And about these above Reh things, otherwise, from now on, the son would have ceased 2604 in every possible way and in the end would have been consumed and given over to oblivion, no matter how he was named in Orthodox Christianity, in your flock, in such a multinational people, so that in other years they will live for God’s glory and for their spiritual benefit; and about this you yourself will receive from the Almighty 2605 God a hundredfold 2606 reward, temporary and future 2607, and from many people honor and praise and glory, and 2608 from our humility blessing and prayer. And through your punishment and teaching and prohibition, and through priestly teachings, anyone will disobey anyone in anything, and they will walk unrepentantly in their own desires 2609 to harm their souls, and you, our son and brother, will be innocent of this, and the evil one will perish himself, unless he comes to repentance and conversion. And may my prayer and blessing always be with your Holiness. 2610 ΙΙ. Message from Jonah, Metropolitan of Kiev and All Russia, to Veliky Novgorod, about internecine battles Blessing of Jonah, Metropolitan of [Kyiv and] All Rus', in the Fatherland of the beloved son of our humility in the Holy Spirit 2611, the noble and blessed Grand Duke Vasily Vasilyevich 2612, to Veliky Novgorod, the sedate mayor 2613 and the old mayors, and the sedate thousand 2614 and the old thousand, and the boyars and merchants, and the living people, and the entire fatherland of my lord and son the Grand Duke, all of Veliky Novgorod, and all Orthodox Christians. I have heard, my sons, that according to the original enemy of our souls and the destroyer of the devil through slander, some God-hating and god-hating evil deed is being done in your Orthodox Christianity, in the fatherland of my son, the Grand Duke, in Veliky Novgorod, not only from ordinary people, but also from honest people from great people, from our spiritual children: for this unknown thing, both great and small, anger begins and from that rage begins and quarrels and bickering and a multi-national gathering from both countries, and also to blame for this evil and God-hating deed (and pleasing to the enemy the devil) by rabble, drunken and bloody people, and they are plotting battles and shedding blood, and destroying Christian souls. 2615 And God knows, sons, that hearing your disorder and spiritual destruction, I am in spiritual sorrow both in soul and heart. And for this reason, filial, and to your father, and to our son and colleague of our humility in the Holy Spirit, Archbishop of Veliky Novgorod, Vladyka Euthymius, we wrote something small briefly from the divine scripture for your spiritual benefit: and then, God willing, filial, you will hear our rough scripture, and from your father, and our son, and your saint and teacher of words and Hear the punishment with which God, the merciful lover of mankind and the holy, all-powerful Divine Spirit, will instruct him; and God will admonish you, our spiritual children, to listen to the scriptures and punishments from your father, and to heed and obey, for your spiritual benefit: gently, sonically, our humility, in accordance with our holy duty, having care for your souls, we remind you to retreat from such a godless deed and come to repentance, and in the meantime we write something to you to our children, not from ourselves, but from the divine and holy scripture. And before, about rage, the word is simple: “Whenever, speaking, it comes to you to attack and contradiction, or irritation on someone to move 2616 rage, then remember prayer and judgment, which our Lord Jesus Christ himself taught his disciples, saying: “As we also leave our debtors,” and even the disorderly movement in you will get tired”: rage is more likely than other harms to confuse. eat and irritate the soul; Than rage and anger, both of these are the same mother fiends, called madness. 2617 Speech: “The madman wears out all his rage, and the madman at first; day to confess your wrath.” If you want to separate yourself from this evil enmity, that is, rage, let him hold on with patience and a meek heart by praying to God, he will soon be freed from it and will be the son of wisdom, fearing God and loving God: “For the beginning of wisdom is the fear of the Lord, and he who loves the Lord hates evil”; from the fear of the Lord the love of God will rise. And the Tributary says: “A patient man turns away wrath, but a cowardly man does everything without advice.” And again: “the man is violent and disgraceful, and the madman wears out all his rage, and the violent man incites a quarrel and in the midst of those who are peaceful will cause a quarrel.” And the Prophet about such 2618 David said: “Their rage is in the image of the serpent, and like a deaf asp 2619 stop your ears.” And the Apostle teaches the river: “put aside all anger and rage and malice and blasphemy; God has called us into the world.” And this, son, is the Divine Scripture speaking about rage and anger, even without repaying malice: “If we want to be, say, heirs of Christ, then we will be imitators of Christ’s lovers and will be jealous of David’s meekness, and we will hear from God this verb: “I have found, he said, a man after my heart, who has done all my will.” And this is because David’s unmemorable evil is being spoken about. And we, my children, too, let us not do anything to take revenge on anyone who has offended us; let us not be obstinate, 2620 according to the saying: “Whoever repays evil for good, evil will not move from his house.” And again: “He throws a stone on high, on his head, and when he digs a hole for another, he himself falls into it, and if he sets a net, he will get stuck in it, and if he does evil, he will fall into it.” And David said: “Lord my God, if I have done these things, if there is iniquity in my hand, if I have sighed against those who repay me evil, then I will fall away, he said, from my lean enemies.” And the Supreme Apostle Peter, teaching us, says: “Do not repay evil for evil, nor slander for slander, but give a blessing, because you have been called quickly, so that you may inherit a blessing.” And the Apostle Paul said: “Be careful when someone repays evil for evil, but always pursue good things within yourself and towards everyone, and do not run away from evil, but also flee from good things that are evil.” And our Lord the Lord himself said: “Love your enemies and do good to those who hate you, and be generous and perfect, just as your heavenly Father is perfect.” Also, son, I tell you about blessed repentance, and about obedience, and about disobedience. It's sweet to eat, my children, repentance! Nothing else, but the root of the belly, like our sweet and kindly one, is one good and generous lover of mankind, God, and the builder of our salvation, ever thirsting for our repentance, and rejoices over the tears of those who repent, and rejoices at our confession, and with much patience awaits our conversion, and does not cease to the last, praying and vigilating and calling upon one of us, from many evils and hostile deeds contact him. But we, my children, with David said to God: “For I have known my iniquity and have not covered my sin, but let me confess my iniquity to the Lord, and to him will I give the wickedness of my heart.” The Lord Himself spoke to the Prophets: “Recite first your iniquities, that you may be justified 2621 in the abyss of my mercy.” Isaiah says: “The Lord cannot save food? But for our sins, turn away your face from us, for no one speaks truth, below is true judgment.” And in another speech: “Have you sinned, and do not commit it to anyone, and as if from the face of the serpent, flee from sin.” And for this sake, I pray to you, my children, let us turn to the Lord our God and do righteousness the rest of the days of our life, and he will bring healing to our previous sins, which he spoke with his sweetest verb: “Behold, let no one sin.” And it is good, my children, to listen to the Divine Scripture, and to quickly flow to repentance with diligence, and not to disobey or despair: for the most part, my children, just as there is obedience for the good of life, so death also creates disobedience; and I was the first to listen to this word, man created by the hand of God: if he had not disobeyed the commandments of the Creator, he would not have lost the breed and tree of the animal; having been removed from paradise, he himself and those like him were condemned by death, having heard the terrible answer spoken to him from God: “For you are earth, and to earth you will go again.” And about this, son, I bless and pray to your Orthodoxy, because for this you do not despise our humility, even if I remembered something in the slightest to your piety from the divine scriptures, for your, my children, spiritual benefit, remembering the word of the Lord in the Gospel, as “many angels in heaven rejoice over one repentant soul,” and even more so about the multitude of mankind, Christ's honest blood-bought, Christ-named people of the Lord, Orthodox people. And we, sons, are good, that by the grace of God, according to the originality of your piety and according to the grace given to you from God, by the grace of God in holy baptism from the holy font, the Christian Orthodox faith, from your pious parents and superiors to punishment, and in the holy books of the divine scripture, you yourself are skilled in the nature of all the wisdom of the book: but I, who am humble, have revealed my due to you, to your spiritual children. Also, sons, I bless you, my children, about this, so that by nature you will be obedient in everything to our son and brother, and to your father and teacher, the God-loving Archbishop Euthymius 2622, according to the Lord’s spoken word: “he who listens 2623 to you, speaks, listens to me, but if you are swept away, I will be swept away and the one who sent me.” And the Apostle Paul says: “brothers, obey your leaders and submit, for they are watching over your souls, so that if you want to repay the word, do it with joy”; and again: “Obey the rulers with all your soul, as they are supreme.” Formerly, sons, God has appointed him a saint and a teacher and a shepherd for Christian souls, and the vicar is our Lord Christ himself, and a prayer book for the souls of men, and the region has the holy Apostles: even if he is allowed on earth, and even if he is allowed in heaven; and he who binds him on earth is also bound in heaven. And for this sake, my son, give him honor and obedience, as to Christ himself, and for this reason you must accept reward from God temporarily and in the future. And the grace of God and mercy, and the intercession of the Most Pure Mother of God, and the prayer of our humility and blessing always be with your Orthodoxy about everything. fatherland and grandfather of the great sovereign and about the Holy Spirit of the beloved son of our humility, the noble and faithful Grand Duke Vasily Vasilyevich, to the God-loving Bishop Euthymius A. In the original it is here and - superfluous. In authentic Name; corrected according to A. In the original to you; corrected by A. art A is wrong. In both lists they are wrong. In the original, the deceased is corrected. according to A. and what kind of judgment falls under! A. In authentic divine; corrected according to A. Executed in the original: corrected. according to A. Based on the original: corrected. according to A In the original but; corrected by A. In the original it teaches; corrected according to A. to the spirit of struggle - fight against the winds. Has ceased to exist in the original; corrected according to A. In the original, temporal and future. In authentic salary; corrected according to A. And prayer... holiness is not in A. In the original, the words of the great sovereign are further crossed out. In the original, instead of the name of the Grand Duke, there is a name. In the original message, the sedate mayor and the thousand were named; but in the synodal in the list these names are replaced by the unvoiced name. In the original they are mad; in the printed text: calling madmen. In the original I was justified. You might be interested in: