19. Около 1360 г. Грамота митрополита Алексия туда же и о том же

Published according to the list of the ΧVΙΙ century, located in the collection of Moscow. synod. librarian No. 596 (according to the old catalog No. 473, and according to the “Description” of Gorsky and Nevostruev No. 338), l. 34 rev. This list was quite carefully taken directly from the original, which was kept at that time in the house treasury of the Ryazan metropolis, as stated in the table of contents: “A grammar on glassine written by St. Alexis, Metropolitan of All Russia, signed in Greek by his characteristic hand, found in the house treasury of the Ryazan metropolis.” Indeed, at the end there is the Greek signature of the saint: ‘Αλέξιος ἐλέῳ Θεοῦ μητροπολίτης, πάσης ‘Ρωσίας καὶ ὐπέρτιμος – with Russian translation: “Alexy, by the grace of God, Metropolitan of all Russia, and honest.” It is further noted: “And the seal of the grammar is hung, on one country there is an image of the Most Pure Mother of God, on the second country, there is a signature sculptured in Greek.” Vostokov, who was dealing with a new copy taken from the same synodal list, suspected the authenticity of the Greek signature of St. Alexius - on the grounds that “out of Christian humility, without a doubt, he called himself ὐπέρτιμος (honorable) Description. Room. Music p. 48. But ὐπέρτιμος was the official title of the most noble metropolitans, subordinate to the Patriarchal Throne of Constantinople, who were not only called that way by third parties, but also signed themselves that way (See, for example, Acta Patriarchatus, t. I. p. 433). We do not know which of the Russian metropolitans was the first to be honored with this title; The only certainty is that it already belonged to the predecessor of St. Alexei Theognost (see the note above the text of the previous number and the affidavit of Metropolitan Alexei, where the patriarch calls him ὐπέρτιμος. Ibid., p. 340). – The list taken for this edition is compared: 1) with the text printed in volume 1 of “Historical Acts” (No. 3; options from here are designated by the letter A); 2) with the latest copy made from the original for Count Rumyantsev, about which see. note above the text of the previous number (options with the letter P) and 3) with the list found in the synodal collection of the 17th century No. 792, fol. 43 (variants with the letter C). Here the letter is placed after the khan’s labels with the following table of contents: “Summer 7011, May 20 (the day of the transfer of the relics of St. Alexis), the list was copied from the letter of Alexei, Metropolitan of All Rus'.” – The year of writing the charter is approximately determined in the Historical Acts based on the following circumstances: “Metropolitan Alexy ruled the church 1355–1377. Novgor. first Years. pp. 86 and 91. And Athanasius, bishop of Sarai, died in 1362 Nikon. Years. IV. 1. Comparison East. Ross. Jer. I, 234". Blessing of Alexy, Metropolitan of All Rus', to all the peasants 1087 who are in the borders of Chervleny Yar and on guard duty near Khopory, to the Don, to the priests and deacons, and to the Baskaks, and to the centurions, and to the boyars. I pray to God and the Holy Mother of God, that all souls and bodies may be good and healthy, that they may naturally fulfill the commandments of God: for Christ says: “If I have my commandments, he will keep them, he who loves me.” May you be loved by Christ, fulfill his commandments: have faith in the right to the holy and consubstantial Trinity, be baptized in the nude, love and peace for each other, truth, chastity, alms, confession of your sins. For the Lord God Jesus Christ declared this to his disciples and apostles: “Going into the whole world, preach the gospel to every creature; “Whoever has faith and is baptized will be saved, but he who does not believe will be condemned.” And again the same grace gave power: “If you bind on earth (sin for the sake of men), you will be bound in heaven; As much as you permit on earth, they will be permitted in heaven.” And again he says: “By listening to you, he listens to me, and by rejecting you, he rejects me.” I, a sinner, received the same grace of the Most Holy Spirit from the Most Reverend Ecumenical Patriarch and from the holy collection, and I came to St. Sophia in the Metropolis of All Rus' in Kyiv, and to all the peasants found throughout the Russian land, a shepherd and a teacher, and I have a great burden on myself to say and teach everyone about everything that is beneficial and saved. And for this reason, Metropolitan Feognost wrote to you, to his children, many times, as much as it is for the benefit of your souls. You, as time and again, show that you do not listen to my words and my teaching, but carry out your bodily will and dark deeds, but do not listen to my words. Don’t you know that the rulers of the entire Russian land are under my power and in my will? And I place them by the grace of the Holy Spirit. In the same way, power was given to your ruler 1088: you do not accept his words, but you accept strange shepherds; and as it seems, you are carrying from the flock the true shepherd Christ, but an opposing spirit: for the verbal sheep of Christ listen to the voice of Christ and will follow our words. We are Christ’s and we speak Christ’s words; He who is Christ’s listens to us and creates as I write; Whoever listens to a woman to us is not God: for a true peasant and a faithful man is revealed by his works, just as the Apostle says: “Faith without works is dead, and so are works 1089 without faith.” For this reason, children, do deeds of light; For all malice and bitterness 1090 and rage and wrath, fornication and adultery, resentment and envy, murder and drunkenness, may be taken away from you, for the Apostle says: “Brothers, do not be deceived: neither harlots, nor adulterers, nor idolaters, nor those who commit fornication with their hands, nor sodomites, nor covetous, nor Tateve, nor robbers of the kingdom They will not inherit God’s things.” Hearing, beloved, from the saints, always repent and turn to God, learn to do good and guard yourself. Always remember 1091 death and Sunday and this terrible judgment and this great and terrible Judge, who knows human hearts and thoughts and deeds, and eternal peace for the righteous, and eternal torment for sinners. All that you have to remember, you will not sin at all, nor will you disobey us, who set the Holy Spirit as shepherds and teachers to all peasants. Always run to the churches, with your wives and children, and bring whatever you have in your hands to the churches and to the saints. And love the priests and ministers and ask for their prayers; Have mercy and look upon widows, and orphans, and poor people, and strangers; those in prison, visit, so that you may be worthy of that blessed holy voice of the true Christ, saying: “You who are blessed of my Father will come, and inherit the kingdom prepared for you from the foundation of the world: you were greedy, feed me, and greedy 1092, give me drink, you were strange, and know me, sick and in prison, a visitor me"; and the evil and the lawless, and the merciless, the merciless, pour them 1093 into utter darkness. If you do these things, you will be saved, and it will not be hard to eat them. About the same redistribution, along the Great Crow, near Khopory, to the Don, on guard, to the church that that redistribution, as they write in the letters of my brother Maxim the Metropolitan, and Peter, and Theognostus, that they created a cathedral in Kostroma, and Vladyka Sophony gave letters from his mouth, that from those places, according to those letters, he should not enter into that redistribution of someone else, and clearly 1094 exists and everyone knows that that redistribution is not a barn. Now Vladyka Athanasius of Sarai found out that, having seen the letters of those, and for his guilt he was punished by the Metropolitan, with writing he renounced that redistribution; and from these places Vladyka Athanasius of Saransk has no power in that redistribution, but the power of Ryazan, the priests and deacons who supply the rulers and give power. And now I have sent to you the Bishop of Ryazan Vasily 1095 with his letter: you remember him, and give the church tax 1096 to him according to custom. Just fulfill, as I am writing to you, what is beneficial and saved, and listen to the letters 1097, and give the church tax 1098, the mercy of God and the Holy Mother of God, and may my blessing be with you and with your wives and children, and with all the peasants. Here and in all subsequent cases, Christians A. Power was also given to the ruler A. Pride R; the discrepancy was probably due to the fact that in the original (as in the synodal copy) there was a handful. You might be interested in: