Глава 5

1–3. Return from captivity. 4–44. List of those who returned with Zerubbabel. 45–49. Building an altar. 50–52. Feast of Tabernacles and restoration of sacrifices. 53–62. Construction of the church. 63–70. Obstacles from the Samaritans. 2Ezra 5:1 After these things the chiefs of their tribes, and their wives, and their sons, and their daughters, and their male servants, and their female servants, with their livestock, were chosen to go out. 1. In Art. 1–5 contain information not found in the canonical books. It is unknown where the author got this information from. Fritsche finds the Greek text of the verses to have a Hebraistic overtone, and Ewald and Berto suggest that Art. 1–5 were once found in 1Ezra 2–3, the words of Art. Some exegetes refer the 2nd with music, tympani and trumpets to the 3rd, understanding it as an indication of the ceremonial farewell of the remaining brothers departing from the side. 2Ezra 5:2 Darius sent with them a thousand horsemen until they brought them into Jerusalem in peace, with music, with tambourines and trumpets. 2Ezra 5:3 And all their brothers rejoiced, and the king gave them permission to go together. 2Ezra 5:4 And these are the names of the men who went by their families in the tribes according to their seniority: 2Ezra 5:5 the priests, the sons of Phinehas, the sons of Aaron, Joshua the son of Jozedek the son of Sare, and Jehoiakim the son of Zerubbabel the son of Shealtiel of the house of David, of the family of Perez, the tribe of Judah, 5. Sareeva Serai. Joachim son of Zerubbabel. In 1 Chronicles III.9, Joachim is not named among the sons of Zerubbabel. In view of IV:58, where Zerubbabel himself appears as a youth, the mention of his son Joachim may also cause confusion. Fritzsche and Reiss, on the contrary, believe that what is told in Ch. II-IV history of the dispute refers specifically to Joachim and only later, by mistake, in IV:33 a remark was inserted about the third bodyguard - this is Zerubbabel, and he is made the hero of the story. 2Ezra 5:6 who spoke wise words before Darius king of Persia in the second year of his reign, in the month of Nisan, the first month. 2 Ezra 5:7 These are the Jews who came out of the captivity of exile, whom Nebuchadnezzar king of Babylon carried into Babylon, 2 Ezra 5:8 and who returned to Jerusalem and to the rest of Judah, every one to his own city, who went out with Zerubbabel and Joshua, Nehemiah, Zarei, Risha, Aenine, Mordecai, Beelser, Ashpharas, Reel, Rohim, Bahanah, their captains. 8. Wed. 1Ezra II,2: Nehemiah VII,7. The transcription of names in 2 Ezra is different than in the parallel passages of 1 Ezra and Neh. 2 Ezra 5:9 The number of the people with their leaders: the sons of Foros, two thousand one hundred and seventy-two; the sons of Shaphat four hundred and seventy two; 9 . Instead of Foros in 1 Ezra and Nehem VII.8, Parosh is named. The number of sons of Shephatiah in 1 Ezra and Nehemiah is determined by the figure 372, and not 472, as in 2 Ezra. 2Ezra 5:10 The sons of Ares are seven hundred and fifty six; 10. In 1Ezra II,5, and Nehemiah VII,10, Arach is named instead of Ares. The number of his sons was 775 according to 1 Ezra, and 662 according to Nehemiah (instead of 756 2 Ezra). 2Ezra 5:11 The children of Taath-Moab with the children of Joshua and Joab, two thousand eight hundred and twelve; 11. In 1Ezra II,6 and Nehemiah VII,11 - the sons of Pahath-Moab. The number of his sons according to Nehemiah VII.11 was 2818. 2Ezra 5:12 The sons of Elam, one thousand two hundred and fifty four; the sons of Zathui nine hundred and seventy-five; the sons of Horve, seven hundred and five; the sons of Vannius, six hundred and forty-eight; 12. Ilama: according to 1 Ezra II, 7; Nehemiah V:11–12 – Elam. Zafui: according to 1Ezd II,9 - Zafui, according to Neh VII1,3 - Zaffu. Instead of the number 975, it is better with many hands. read 945 as in 1 Ezra. According to Nehemiah VII.12, the number of sons of Zaffu is 845. – Instead of Horveh in 1Ezra II.9 and Nehemiah VII.14 the name is Zacchaeus, the number of whose sons is determined by the number 760 (and not 705). The number of sons of Vannius or Binnui according to 1 Ezra II, 10 is 642. Book Nehemiah indicates the number according to 2 Ezra. 2Ezra 5:13 The sons of Bibi, six hundred and thirty-three; the sons of Arge are one thousand three hundred and twenty-two; 13. The sons of Vivai or 1 Rides and Nehemiah VII,16 - Bevai - there were 1 Rides each: 623, according to Nehemiah: 628 (instead of 633 2 Rides). The sons of Arge according to 1Ezra II.12 were 1322, the sons of Azgad - 1222. The clan of Arge in the book. Neem is not mentioned. 2Ezra 5:14 The sons of Adonikim, six hundred thirty and seven; the sons of Vagoi two thousand six hundred and six; the sons of Adin are four hundred and fifty-four; 14. The number of sons of Adonikam according to 1Ezra II.13 was 666, and according to Neh. VII.18 - 667. The sons of Vagoi (by 1 Rides and by Nehemiah VII.19 - Bigvaya) were 1 Rides each: 2056, according to Nehemiah: 2607. 2Ezra 5:15 The sons of Atir from Hezekiah were ninety and two; the sons of Kilan and Azinan, sixty-seven; the sons of Azar four hundred and thirty-two; 15–17. Art. 15–39 in sir. no text. The sons of Atir according to 1 Ezra and Nehemiah VII, 21 were 98. Instead of the names of Kilana, Asinan, Annis, Aroim, Vasai, Arsiphuris and Vetirus in 1 Ezra II, 17-20 and in Nehemiah VII, 22-24 there are completely different names. 2Ezra 5:16 The sons of Abnis were an hundred and one; the sons of Arom are thirty-two; the sons of Basai three hundred and twenty-three; the sons of Arsifurif were one hundred and two; 2Ezra 5:17 The sons of Vetirus are three thousand and five; the sons of Bethlomon one hundred and twenty-three; 17. Sons of Bethlemon: according to 1Ezra II,21 and Nehemiah VII,26 natives or inhabitants of Bethlehem. 2Ezra 5:18 from Netophas fifty-five; from Anathoth, one hundred and fifty-eight; from Bethasmon forty-two; 18. From Netophah according to 1Ezra II,22 there were 56 people, and according to Nehemiah VII,26 - 65. From Bethasmon by 1Ezra II,24 and Nehemiah VII,28 from Beth-Azmaveth. 2Ezra 5:19 from Cariathyri twenty-five; from Kafir and Virog, seven hundred and forty-three; 19. Kariafiri - Kariafarim. The number of inhabitants of the city in 1Ezd II.25; Nehemiah VII:29 is not specified. Virog, or according to other hands. Βηρώθ Beerof 1Ezd II,25; Nehemiah VII:29. 2Ezra 5:20 The Hadyasites and the Ammidites, four hundred and twenty two; from Kiram and Gavvis six hundred and twenty-one; 20. Words of the first half of Art. The 20th is not in 1 Ezra and Neh. The Hadiasites mean the inhabitants of Kedesh (Joshua XV:23), and the Ammidites the inhabitants of Khumt (Joshua XV:54). – Kiram, probably – Rama; Gavvis - Geva. 2Ezra 5:21 From Makalon an hundred and twenty two; from Vetolium fifty-two; the sons of Niphis were one hundred and fifty-six; 21. McCallon - Mikhmas. Betholius - Bethel. Nifis - Nebo. According to 1Ezra II,29 and Nehemiah VII,33, there were 52 natives of Nebo (not 152). 2Ezra 5:22 The sons of Calamolal and Onus, seven hundred and twenty-five; the sons of Jerech, two hundred and forty-five; 22. The sons of Kalamolal and Onus are not mentioned in 1 Ezra and Hem. Sons of Jerech: probably referring to the natives of Jericho. Instead of the number 245, the best hands. read 345, as in 1Ezra II,34 and Nehemiah VII,36. 2Ezra 5:23 The sons of Sanaas are three thousand three hundred and one. 23. Sanas - Sennaa 1Ezra II,35 and Nehemiah VII,38. Instead of the number 3301, the majority of the hands. reads 3330. According to 1 Ezra the natives of Senai were 3630, and according to Nehim 3930. However, nothing is known about the city that had so many representatives. 2Ezra 5:24 The priests, the sons of Jedda the son of Joshua, with the children of Sanasib, were nine hundred and seventy-two; the sons of Emmiruth a thousand and fifty two; 24. Iedda, according to 1Ezra II,36 and Nehemiah VII,39 - Jedaiah. Their number according to 1 Ezra and Nehemiah was 973. Emmiruf is probably Immer (1Ezra II,37; Nehemiah VII,40). 2Ezra 5:25 The sons of Pessur a thousand and forty-seven; the sons of Harmi are one thousand and seventeen. 25. Fassur Pashkur. The sons of Pashkur according to 1Ezra II38 and Nehemiah VII41 numbered 1247. Harmi Kharim (1Ezra II.39; Nehemiah VII.42). 2Ezra 5:26 The Levites, the sons of Joshua and Kadmiel and Bath and Judge, were seventy-four. 26. Baths and Judge: in 1Ezra II,40 these words are replaced by: “of the sons of Godavia” (Nehemiah VII,43: Godevs). 2Ezra 5:27 The singers of the priests, the sons of Asaph, were an hundred and forty. 27. Many manuscripts read 148 instead of 140, as in Nehemiah VII:44. According to 1Ezra II.41 there were 128 sons of Asaph. 2Ezra 5:28 The gatekeepers, the sons of Shalum, the children of Atar, the children of Tolman, the children of Dakub, the children of Atit, the children of Tobis, all one hundred and thirty-nine. 28. The number of gatekeepers is indicated in accordance with 1 Ezra II, 42, but the names of their representatives are given in a modified form. According to Neh. VII.45, the number of gatekeepers was 138. Tovis Shovai 1 Ezra. 2Ezra 5:29 The servants of the church, the sons of Esau, the sons of Asif, the sons of Tabaoth, the sons of Kiras, the sons of Judgment, the sons of Phaleus, the sons of Laban, the sons of Agrav, 2Ezra 5:30 The sons of Akud, the sons of Ut, the sons of Kitab, the sons of Akkab, the sons of Sibai, the children of Anan, the children of Kapuah, the sons of Geddur, 2Ezra 5:31 the sons of Jairus, the sons of Desan, the sons of Noah, the sons of Haseb, the sons of Casir, the sons of Uzziah, the sons of Finoe, the sons of Asar, the sons of Basthai, the sons of Assan, the sons of Mani, the sons of Naphisi, the sons of Acuth, the sons of Ahib, the sons of Asub, the sons of Pharakem, the sons of Basalem, 2Ezra 5:32 The children of Meedd, the children of Kuth, the children of Harea, the children of Barhueh, the children of Serar, the children of Thomas, the children of Nasi, the children of Atef, 29–32. The names of the Nethinim, in comparison with 1Ezra II,43 et c., Neh. VII,46 et c., are given in a different transcription or completely different. 2Ezra 5:33 The sons of Solomon's servants, the sons of Assapphioth, the sons of Farir, the sons of Jeili, the sons of Loson, the sons of Ishdael, the sons of Shephia, 2Ezra 5:34 the sons of Hahi, the sons of Tachareth, the sons of Sheba, the sons of Sarothi, the sons of Misaea, the sons of Gas, the sons of Addus, the sons of Sub, the sons of Apherres, the sons of Barodis, the sons of Saphag, the sons of Allom, 33–34. The sons of Solomon's servants, i.e., the descendants of ancient Canaanite clans converted to serve the church. Their names given in 2 Esdras again differ from those named in 1 Esdras II, 55–57; Nehemiah VII,57–59. 2Ezra 5:35 All the servants of the church, and the sons of Solomon's servants, three hundred and seventy and two. 2Ezra 5:36 These are the ones who came out from Fermeleth and Felers: their commander is Haraphalan and Aalar. 36. Fermelef Tel-Melikh 1Ezd II,59. Felers - probably Tel-harsha 1 Ride. Instead of the words their chief Kharaafalan and Aalar in 1Ezra II,59 and Nehemiah VII,61 there is the name of the area. 2Ezra 5:37 But they could not show their fatherland and their families, that they were of Israel: the children of Dalan, the son of Bahenan, the children of Nekodan, six hundred and fifty two. 37. In 1Ezra II.60, Dalai is read instead of Dalan, and Nekoda is read instead of Nekodan. In Art. 37 does not mention the sons of Tobiah named in 1Ezra II.60. 2 Ezra 5:38 And among the priests there were those who corrected the priestly service, but were not found in the list: the sons of Obdiah, the sons of Akos, the sons of Jaddu, who took Augiah as his wife, from the daughters of Barzillai, and was called by his name. 38. And among the priests there were those who corrected the priestly service (οί έμποιούμενοι ίερωσύνης). Fritsche translates; "those who sought the priesthood." Instead of the words: sons of Obdiah, sons of Akvos, in 1Ezra II,61 it reads: “sons of Habaiah (Nehemiah VII,63; Chobaii) sons of Hakotz.” Yaddu is not named in 1 Ezra and Neh. 2Ezra 5:39 And since their family record was not found in the list after research, they were excommunicated from the priesthood. 2Ezra 5:40 And Nehemiah and Atthariah told them that they should not participate in the holy things until the high priest stood up, clothed with the Urim and Thummim. 40. And Nehemiah and Atthariah said to them. In 1 Ezra II,63; Nehemiah VII:65: “and Tirshaphah said to them.” Instead of the Persian title of governor, which in this place refers to Zerubbabel in 2 Rides, the names of Nehemiah and Atthariah are named, obviously erroneously. 2Ezra 5:41 Now all Israel from twelve years old and upward, besides male and female servants, were forty-two thousand three hundred and sixty; their male and female servants seven thousand three hundred and forty-seven; singers and psalmists, two hundred and forty-five. 41. All Israelites from twelve years of age: starting from the age of 12, a Jewish boy became a “son of the law” (cf. Luke II, 42). The total amount of those who returned is indicated in accordance with 1 Ezra II, 64 and Neh VII, 66. But if you count individual numbers, you get a total of 33934 - more than 1 Ezra (29818) and Neem (81101). This discrepancy is very difficult to explain. The number of singers, according to 1 Ezra II.65, was 200. 2Ez.5:42 Camels four hundred and thirty-five, horses seven thousand and thirty-six, mules two hundred and forty-five, and cattle five thousand five hundred and twenty-five. 42. Those who returned had horses each 1Ezra II,66 and Nehemiah VII,68 - 736. The same figure is found in some manuscripts of 1 Ezra. There were 6,720 livestock at 1 Rides (instead of 5,525). The difference in numbers, often observed in biblical texts, is explained by the fact that copyist errors could most easily appear here. 2 Ezra 5:43 Some of the ancestors, when they came to the church of God in Jerusalem, promised to build this house in its place according to their strength 43. When they came to the church of God (είς τού ιερόν τού Θεού) - in fact, to the place where there was once a church. The words, in their strength, are best attributed to Art. 44. 2Ezra 5:44 And give into the treasury of the church for the building a thousand minas of gold and five thousand minas of silver and a hundred priestly garments. 44. In 1Ezra II:69 and Nehemiah VII:70–72 the amount of donations is indicated differently. 2Ezra 5:45 And the priests and the Levites and some of the people dwelt in Jerusalem and its region, and the priests and the gatekeepers and all Israel in their villages. 2Ezra 5:46 When the seventh month had come, and the children of Israel were each in his possession, they all gathered together with one accord in the open place at the first gate to the east. 46. Apparently, the basis of Art. On the 46th lies Nehemiah VIII.1. The meeting of the people took place in an open place at the first gate to the east. The first gate is mentioned in Zechariah XIV:10. They are identified with the ancient gate on the eastern side of the city (Nehemiah III6), with the coal gate (2 Chron. XXVI.9) or with the current Damascus. But it is possible that we are not talking about the gates of the wall, but about the gates of the church. 2Ezra 5:47 And Joshua the son of Jozedek, and his brethren the priests, and Zerubbabel the son of Shealtiel, and his brethren, rose up, and built an altar to the God of Israel, 2Ezra 5:48 to offer burnt offerings thereon, as was prescribed in the book of Moses the man of God. 2 Ezra 5:49 And they gathered to them from other nations that were in the land, and built an altar in their place, for they were at enmity with them, and all the nations that were in the land prevailed against them; and they offered sacrifices in their season, and burnt offerings to the Lord, morning and evening. 49. And they gathered to them from other nations that were in that land. The words appear to be an incorrect rendering of the remark of the writer of 1 Ezra: “they were in fear of foreign nations.” - And they built an altar - we are talking about the Jews. 2Ezra 5:50 And they kept the Feast of Tabernacles as was prescribed by the law, offering daily sacrifices as was proper, 2Ezra 5:51 and then the continual offerings and sacrifices of the Sabbaths and the new moon and all the holy feasts. 2Ezra 5:52 And all those who had promised vows to God, from the new moon of the seventh month began to offer sacrifices to God, although the church was not yet built. 2Ezra 5:53 And they gave silver to the stonemasons and carpenters, and drink and food, and wagons to the Sidonians and Tyrians, that they might bring cedar trees from Lebanon, bringing them in rafts to the port of Joppa, according to the command given to them by Cyrus king of Persia. 2Ezra 5:54 And in the second year in the second month, when they came to the church of God in Jerusalem, Zerubbabel the son of Shealtiel, and Joshua the son of Jozedek, and their brethren, and the priests, the Levites, and all that came up to Jerusalem from captivity, 2Ezra 5:55 laid the foundation of the church of God on the new moon of the second month of the second year after their arrival in Judea and Jerusalem 2Ezra 5:56 And they set the Levites from twenty years old to the work of the Lord: and Joshua stood, and his sons and brethren, and Kadmiel the brother, and the sons of Imadabun, and the sons of Jod the son of Elijad, with their sons and brethren, all the Levites, with one accord stirring up the work of the house of the Lord. And the builders built the church of the Lord. 2Ezra 5:57 And the priests stood in vestments with musical instruments and trumpets, and the Levites the sons of Asaph with cymbals, singing hymns to the Lord and glorifying Him according to the statute of David king of Israel, 2Ezra 5:58 And they proclaimed in songs, praising the Lord, that his goodness and glory are upon all Israel forever. 2Ezra 5:59 And all the people blew the trumpet and cried with a loud voice, praising the Lord for the restoration of the house of the Lord. 2Ezra 5:60 And the elders of the priests and Levites and ancestors, who had seen the first church, now came to the building with weeping and loud crying, 2Ezra 5:61 and many with trumpets and loud shouts of joy, 2Ezra 5:62 so that the people could not hear the trumpets because of the cries of the people; although the congregation trumpeted loudly, so that it could be heard far away. 2Ezra 5:63 And the enemies of the tribe of Judah and Benjamin heard it and came to know what the sound of the trumpet meant. 61–63. Vague description of the days of celebration. In Art. 62 it is reported that the cries of the people drowned out the sounds of the trumpets, but at the same time it is said that the sound of the trumpets was heard so far that it attracted the attention of neighbors. 63. The enemies of the tribe of Judah and Benjamin are the Samaritans. 2Ezra 5:64 And they knew that those who had returned from captivity were building a church to the Lord God of Israel. 2Ezra 5:65 And they came to Zerubbabel and Joshua and the ancestors, and said to them, “We also will build together with you; 2Ezra 5:66 For we also, like you, listen to your Lord and offer sacrifices to Him since the days of Asbakaphas king of Assyria, who brought us here. 66. From the days of Asvakaphas, king of Assyria. According to 1Ezra IV "from the days of Asardan", i.e. Assargadon. 2Ezra 5:67 Then Zerubbabel and Joshua and the leaders of the tribes of Israel said to them, “We are not with you to build the house of the Lord our God; 2Ezra 5:68 We alone will build it for the Lord God of Israel, according to what Cyrus king of Persia commanded us. 2Ezra 5:69 Then the nations of the land, attacking and besieging those who dwelt in Judah, hindered the building 2 Ezra 5:70 and, by deceit, enticing the people and causing troubles, they prevented the completion of the building during the entire life of King Cyrus and stopped the building for two years before the accession of Darius. 69–70. Coverage of events is different than in 1 Ezr. Indication of Art. 70th that the construction of the church stopped for two years is erroneous, since according to 1 Ezra IV the construction stopped until the second year of Darius, i.e. for approximately 15 years.