An excerpt and several sketches for the introductory article by I.A. Golubtsov to the “Inventory of the Library of E.E. Golubinsky”

Driven by a feeling of deep respect for the late honorary member, its famous historian of the Russian church Evgeny Evsigneevich Golubinsky, wanting to pay tribute to the reverent memory of his 50-year-old dedicated scientific feat, the Society of Russian History and Antiquities six years ago, according to the thoughts and plan of its full member S.A. Belokurov, the executor of the deceased, began, among others, and to this edition, entrusting its preparation and editing to the writer of these lines - One could guess that, due to its specificity, a book like this, undoubtedly, cannot count on general interest and a wide range of readers; However, for anyone who knew the late scientist more or less closely, it was clear that a publication devoted to the description of his library with the reproduction of the notes he left on the books would be, perhaps, a more reliable and appropriate way of perpetuating his memory, a means of preserving sometimes scientifically valuable comments and disseminating information, not devoid of instructiveness and serious interest, about the home scientific life of one of the extraordinary ascetics of science. The harsh school of Filaret and Nicholas times produced many such ascetics. Given the almost complete inaccessibility of public activity, science then rarely encountered serious competition in the eyes of scientists from other values ​​of civilization, and if a scientist had not yet managed to arrange his personal life, then it became for him almost the only light on the path of life - he began to live by it alone. - In this regard, E.E. Golubinsky had before him a magnificent living example, which, perhaps involuntarily, but undoubtedly made a deep impression on him - an example of this intimate life with a book, this self-forgetfulness in the sciences. We mean his closest leader on the student bench, as well as in the early stages of independent research and later senior colleague, Archpriest Alexander Vasilyevich Gorsky, the famous rector of the Moscow Theological Academy and descriptor of manuscripts of the Synodal Library. Biographer E.E-cha prof. S.I. Smirnov says: “Golubinsky was a fellow countryman of Gorsky - Kostroma, and this brought them closer. Leaving for Kostroma to visit his parents for Christmas and vacations, Gorsky left his fellow countryman to do housework in his apartment. During these housekeeping days, Golubinsky usually smoked all of Gorsky’s tobacco “to the last,” rummaged through his library and read books that were not issued to students at that time, among other things, in the French translations of Gibbon’s “The History of the Decline and Destruction of the Byzantine Empire” and Procopius of Caesarea “The Secret History of Justinian and Theodora.” Under these conditions, E.E. undoubtedly became well acquainted with the home and academic life of his famous teacher, with the methods of his scientific work, with his impeccable diligence. Subsequently E.E. He liked to contrast his liberalism and independence with the conservatism, prudence and caution of A.V. Gorsky, but he directly admitted that with his hard work A.V. inspired him in moments of fatigue from sitting day and night behind a book. Undoubtedly, A.V.’s entire external lifestyle evoked in E.E. deep respect. – Did he then consciously begin to imitate his teacher, or simply, having found himself in the same conditions of academic life and possessing approximately similar demands of the mind, he unconsciously reproduced in his everyday life the features of his teacher’s life, but only in relation to the book we see here almost complete identity: both could not live without books, loved it, collected it, not sparing their meager content, both talked with it as if it were alive, expressing their conversation in the form countless notes either in the margins of the book or on separate pieces of paper, both bequeathed their book heritage to their native Academy. These notes really have different meanings. A.V. Gorsky, who published relatively only a few of his countless scientific researches, often did not bring his research to a final processed literary form ready for publication, left a very significant part of his scientific heritage in his notes; Having been a source of inspiration for many and a reliable guide in scientific research, they, unfortunately, still remain undeveloped and unknown to the general public, hiding from it many features of the bright appearance and many significant observations and thoughts of the most modest and learned worker. E.E. Golubinsky, on the contrary, managed to publish his most important scientific works during his lifetime; in them, in their final form, undoubtedly, most of those thoughts were set out that were outlined only at one time when reading this or that work or monument and poured out in the form of raw notes on the margins or white sheets of the book itself. Thus, one can hardly expect to find in this edition truly scientifically valuable comments that have not in one way or another already been used and published by the author himself. However, this does not completely eliminate the scientific interest of the notes printed below. Many of them, relating to particulars or to the field of various auxiliary disciplines, are either not at all in the published works of E.E., or they can be found there in generalization and processing, and yet they can be useful in their original form, especially those that relate to the texts of historical monuments of primary importance. In addition, these notes can be of great service to people working in the field of church history, and partly civil history, making it possible for them, when reading relevant books and studying the subject, to have scientific communication with such an authoritative interlocutor and commentator as E.E. Golubinsky. The main value of the printed notes, which at this time, when studying the book, is especially borne in mind, is that they provide abundant material, partly for a biography, and more for characterizing the deceased as a scientist and a person. If the proverb is true that says: “tell me who you know and I will tell you who you are,” then, in relation to E.E. Golubinsky, it is clear what application it can have: in order to accurately judge him, to penetrate into the innermost of his scientific thought and his spirit, you need to take a closer look at his only constant friend - the book, see what book and for what purposes he collected in his library, you need to read the correspondence that he wrote for 50 years in the form of floor notes he kept with this friend about all sorts of issues of science and life, about a whole series of his contemporaries and predecessors with whom he had to encounter either in life or, as happened in most cases, on the pages of the same book. It is only necessary, in order not to make mistakes, to firmly remember that here are not all the books with which he dealt: he received a much larger number of them from academic and other libraries for temporary use and had the same correspondence with them in the form of the same notes. The son of a fairly prosperous rural priest of the remote Kologriv district of the Kostroma province, Evgeny Peskov was a lively, playful and sharp boy from childhood. The diploma came relatively easily to him. His grandfather, also a village priest, more than once gave his grandson, who came to visit him, an exam; the smart boy answered smartly and successfully, and the satisfied grandfather praised his granddaughter, saying: “You will be my academician.” O. Evsigny, sending his nine-year-old son to the Soligalitsky Theological School, instead of the surname Peskov, which he himself did not like, after much deliberation, he gave him the surname Golubinsky, which was loud in spiritual circles of that time. Little Golubinsky studied very well, and one of the teachers of the cruel Soligalitsky Bursa predicted to him that he would be a “big man.” When Golubinsky was in the last class of theological school, an order came from the seminary to take away arbitrary surnames from all students and restore the old, paternal ones; and while the Speranskys with tears turned back into the Ovsovs, the younger Golubinsky (Alexander) - into Peskov, the elder brother, Evgeniy, was left with a loud surname, and he carried it with great honor to his grave, becoming an ordinary academician of the Academy of Sciences and justifying the hopes placed on him from childhood. In his tenth year, even before entering college, the boy lost his mother, who was replaced by an old peasant woman, “grandmother” Aksinya, taken by his father to take care of the house. The boy acutely felt the change that had taken place: he became withdrawn, began to avoid games and peers with their ridicule of the priest, whom grandmother Aksinya dressed and fed roughly, like a peasant; his pride often made him blush in front of his comrades and guests, either for unskillfully prepared plantains, or for underwear made of thick, poorly finished peasant canvas, etc. “Although our father took care of us, without our mother the whole time we were growing up, we felt bad,” E.E. confessed sadly in his old age. Successes and praise, feeding the pride of an introverted and serious boy, under the created conditions of the home environment, naturally tied him to school and books, and from a young age he was not accustomed to treating them formally, in an official manner. The receptive student drew from school and books those true Christian foundations of morality and worldview, which allowed him even then to protect himself from many of the everyday vices of modern Bursak and church society that surrounded him, and subsequently attracted his scientific attention to the study and merciless condemnation of these vices in his numerous works. Even then, in the days of his youth, he valued knowledge, sought it, showing remarkable diligence and initiative and, obviously, inclined in the future to devote himself entirely to it, but for now trying to stock up on what would provide the necessary help in the future. It is quite natural that in this case, the school tradition, the environment in which his education took place, should have been of great importance in terms of directing his attention. In the then lower and secondary theological schools, all knowledge was offered only under the condition of a thorough study of ancient languages. Coming home from the seminary on vacation, Golubinsky again found the same old Greek-Latin lexicons, well known to him from school, carefully preserved by his father, and Latin textbooks on philosophy, theology and other subjects printed in Moscow at the beginning of the 19th century; In seminary classes, I constantly heard references to old and new foreign scientific authorities. It is clear that it did not take long for the inquisitive seminarian to become convinced of the need to thoroughly study new European languages, as the best means of direct communication with the very sources of knowledge. Let’s not forget that it was still the time of serfdom, and perhaps in the landowner’s estate of his native village of Matveev, French speech was still heard, and in the manor’s rooms on the shelves one could see, or even more easily find in abundance in Kostroma, at a second-hand bookstore, small pocket French books, mostly the heritage of the 18th century. And E.E. began to study French; This is the first perceptible manifestation for us of his initiative in the field of knowledge. Having entered the Academy in 1854, he tripled his persistence in this regard, and by Christmastide of the first year he began to read quite fluently in both French and German. In the seminary, apparently, both the general mood and scientific interests of E.E. were determined; Apparently, even then he joined the small ranks of that part of the seminary youth who, not being suppressed by the Filaret-official school regime, sought positive knowledge and did not shy away from some free-thinking in their worldview. Having bought it about a year before graduating from the seminary for 10 kopecks. ser. the French book: “L'esprit de l'encyclopedie”, E.E., not without some special significance, perhaps wrote that it belonged to a student of “Theology”: his head was probably not theologically or philosophically inclined, probably even at that time. At the Academy, philosophy was not good for him, and subsequently he assessed himself as a philosopher whose mind went beyond his mind. His studies in literature, schism and history were much more successful. In the entire composition of his library, it is impossible to indicate a single, perhaps purely theological or philosophical book that he would have acquired consciously for the purpose of studying the subject; here we will find only 3-4 of his old textbooks, and several theological treatises in Latin, acquired by chance out of respect for their antiquity. Theological and philosophical dissertations, donated by colleagues or students, unlike other books, he usually left uncut; sometimes, however, he read a philosophical or theological article that came his way somewhere, sometimes even bought some kind of manual on the history of philosophy or theology, but he did this either because he considered it necessary for himself to have minimal familiarity with the relevant areas, or because the subjects presented here were related to one or another question of history and life that interested him. While the course of study continued, ending with the Academy, E.E. was, obviously, bound in his studies by the framework of the school and for his next topics he drew material from the state book depositories: the official bookkeeper did not have to dream of his own book, and only random books that he came across from a second-hand book dealer, costing 5-10 kopecks. silver, occasionally became the property of an inquisitive student. Moving on to the last year of the Academy, studying, according to the topic imposed on him by Gorsky, a course essay “On the mode of action of the Orthodox Greco-Roman sovereigns in the 4th, 5th and 6th centuries. in favor of the Church against heretics and schismatics,” he buys himself books not at all in his specialty: an old edition of Tacitus’s works on Germany, for 5 kopecks. ser., and most recently a French book by D’Estrumbert about “Russia and its accusers in the Eastern Question,” published during the Sevastopol campaign. In 1858, Golubinsky was one of the first undergraduates to complete a course at the Academy. His essay, reluctantly written by him, was however presented as one of the best to Metropolitan Philaret, having been previously corrected to his taste by A.V. Gorsky himself. The following year, at the request of the Synod, it was published (in the “Addendum to the publication of the Creator Holy Father,” part 18), much to the chagrin of the author, who received a master’s degree in theology for it. - Meanwhile, after graduating from the Academy, E.E. was appointed to serve at the Bethany Theological Seminary as a teacher of literature and related subjects (rhetoric and German), and a year later he was entrusted with teaching subjects in the missionary department, including history and exposing the schism, as well as managing the seminary library. As we see, in the seminary Golubinsky’s service immediately had to deal with many different subjects and, despite the fact that his service here lasted only 2 years, they all found on his part, as one would expect, a conscientious and attentive attitude towards them. Having entered the service and still receiving a meager salary, E.E. immediately discovered a love for books and a desire to have his own library. He begins gradually and in greater and greater quantities to buy books, both those that are necessary for his occupation, and those that simply interest him with their topics or that tease his bibliophile feeling with their antiquity, or the rarity or uniqueness of the subject. It is worth looking at the titles of the books he acquired during these years to understand that ineradicable curiosity and extraordinary versatility of interests, along with remarkable conscientiousness and diligence in fulfilling the duties he assumed, even then constituted the main features of his spiritual appearance. He is a teacher of literature and rhetoric and at the same time a lover of old used books, and we see that, along with Buslaev’s modern and necessary “Experience in the Historical Grammar of the Russian Language” or Philaret’s “Review of Russian Spiritual Literature”, old, 18th-century works find a place in his library, like the Latin works of Pavel Aler: “The Step to Parnassus, or New Treasures” synonyms, epithets and poetic sayings”, Mundenia: “The Sacred Etymology of All Words of the New Testament”, 18th century editions in foreign languages of both old and new classics, such as: Voltaire's Henriade (edition (18) of the 10th year), two volumes of Moliere's works, two volumes of some French songbook, a French dictionary of fables, Figar's marriage of Beaumarchais in the old Russian translation by Labzin, originals of Homer, Horace, Varro, Juvenal with Flaccus, Demosthenes and Aeschines (sic! in G-va), etc.; a significant part of these books, according to the fashion of the century, are pocket-sized in leather or parchment bindings and were acquired by him, like most other books, during his summer wanderings through the used bookstores of Mokhovaya and Sukharevka. As a teacher of the German language, he not only collects German books for practice, such as the Tübingen edition of the New Testament with the Psalter, and then the Old Testament, the works of Lessing, Wilhelm Grimm “On the German Heroic Song” or Georgi’s “Description of all the nationalities of the Russian State”, but at the same time he diligently deepens his information in terms of scientific linguistics: he gets acquainted in French with “Fundamentals of General Grammar”, studies German works: Steinthal “On the Origin of Language” and “Humboldt’s Linguistics in Relation to Hegelian Philosophy”, “System of Linguistics” by Heise, “On the Origin of Language” by Jacob Grimm, etc.; is interested in Denhardov’s essay “On the life and works of the Yak brothers. and Wilg. Grimms,” these famous linguists of that time. All these studies in foreign languages ​​require dictionaries and grammars, and E. E. acquires them, sparing no expense, looking for the best in quality, and therefore often again giving preference to foreign publications. But all this is still not enough. E.E-ch – teacher of subjects in the missionary department; therefore, next to Ahler and Mundenius, Demosthenes and Juvenal, Steinthal and Grimm, on the bookshelves of his office appear home-grown “Conversations to the Verbal Old Believers”, “Brief Extracts from Old Printed Books for the admonition of imaginary Old Believers” and in handwritten copies, possibly made by seminarians, various schismatic works, in the Pomeranian kind questions and answers, etc. All this was required from E.E., b.m., by his strictly understood duty of service, but he also had a persistent desire for self-education, and a significant, essentially journalistic, interest in issues of state, public, and church life, and if, out of simple curiosity, he grabbed Semevsky’s brochure on Sukharevskaya Square about modern portraits of Princess Sophia and Prince V.V. Golitsyn or an old 1775 translation of the book on the Orthodoxy of the Greek Church or Karel’s old 1764 book Opuscula quaedam varii argumenti, then undoubtedly he set himself very specific goals of self-education, acquiring a French essay on the history of philosophy, German works on Christian legends or Weber’s General History, Gibbon’s Historical Review of Roman Law, buying up numerous descriptions of travels in the north of Russia by Ozeretskovsky; he probably did not miss a French book he came across by chance, published by National Assembly deputy Volney under the title: “Ruins or reflections on revolutions in empires”; He also subscribes to magazines: “Orthodox Review” and together “Sovremennik” by Nekrasov. One must think that the rich library of the Bethany Seminary, which he had to manage and in which he saw etc. many old books had a decisive influence on E.E. in the sense of consolidating bibliophilic inclinations in him (pencil). P.5 vol. n.7–8, the cabinets and shelves in his office began to be filled with offerings and gifts from individual scientists, Russian, Slavic and Greek. P.6 vol.18–10 Observing the paucity of native sources for studying the ancient periods of the Slavic churches, E.E. more and more often he had to turn to richer Byzantine materials, both narrative and legal (civil and ecclesiastical); and although he did not publish special works on the history of the Byzantine church, countless excursions into this area, scattered throughout the I.R.C. and other works, make it clear what deep knowledge he possessed in this area, and many pages of I.R.Ts. show what important assistance this knowledge provided him in characterizing or describing some moments and phenomena of Russian church history unknown from native sources. P. 7 v. 8 dedicated 6 months to Constantinople. Athos. 1.5 months Athens P.8 vol. v.7 – 1) close acquaintance with the foreign department of the library E.E. shows that almost all the Greek books, with the very small exception of what he had acquired earlier, were taken out on this particular trip, and some immediately after it were written out from those catalogs that he also became acquainted with during the trip. You can recognize in his library only one or two Greek books published after 1873, when he was in Greece... P.8 vol.18 Second travel. HER. in Western Europe in 1882 P.11 Reading classical Greek authors (Aristophanes, Xenophon...) he noted features of everyday life that were continued in Christian and Russian folk customs P.37 Character traits – self-love, scientific pride, humility before God, disappointment after failures, feeling tired; religiosity, attention to Holy Scripture; does not like to spend in vain; hates the love of money; deeply political mood - refusal of salary; spares no expense to satisfy his scientific needs and curiosity. Features of his home life: housekeeping to the point of scrupulousness and curiosity (he built the stairs so that there would be no creaking); passion for rationalism where practice matters, caulked the pipes (?). Trust in a book: I hunted using a book, planted a garden using a book, received treatment using a book. Kindness - he gave us apples, he loved to treat us, he kept a lot of homemade supplies. Testament about money and books. He donated during his lifetime. Love for children whom he did not have (Peskovs, Smirnova). Unpretentiousness to the comfort of the environment. Hunting holiday. Scientific interests: everyday life (even in the Gospel), interest in issues of modern controversy; philology, language study; literature; serious attitude towards auxiliary disciplines. Religion: Holy Scripture, St. Sergius; Lavra. A mocking attitude towards the religious tricks of the Greeks. Public interests: about the attitude to social activities, Slavophilism, the issue of spelling, monasticism and its shortcomings; war; restoration of the patriarchate and other issues of church governance; Peter's reforms; Synod; Theological Bulletin since retirement; Bulgarian-Balkan issues. Academic life; Montesquieu; a magazine for everyone; L. Tolstoy. (Sevastopol and Japanese War). Interest in politics. Interest in Paul I, Alexander I, L'esprit de l'encyclopedie (1853). Interests of curiosity: an arithmetic textbook for old age, spelling issues, terminology. Attitude towards the book: criticism, pickiness, rudeness, directness, requirement of clarity and accuracy; amendments in worship and Holy Scripture in translations, P.55 Conscious imitation of ancient Russian man (?)