Глава двадцать седьмая. Рождение 1867 – ВЕЧНОСТЬ

The cell attendant's fears were not in vain. Filaret has not served the Liturgy for a long time, more than two months due to weakness. But on the morning of November 19, all worries were dispelled. The Lord appeared at the house church cheerful, as if fresh strength had been breathed into him. Until recently, he did not have a voice to read the greeting on his anniversary, but then a voice returned from somewhere, and quite loudly! Everyone looked at him and with surprise saw in him a person for whom everything in life was just beginning! The liturgy passed joyfully and easily, like a bird flying in the sky. After completing the sacrament of transubstantiation, the saint partook of the Holy Mysteries for the last time. And this was his very last service to the Lord on earth. It was attended by the Moscow civil governor, Major General Alexander Ivanovich Baranov - the last of the high-ranking officials who saw Moscow Chrysostom alive. After drinking two cups of tea with almond milk, the bishop talked with Alexander Ivanovich, he took his leave, received the bishop’s blessing and left, and Filaret went to his office and began sorting out papers. As if nothing had happened. The cook informed his cell attendant Parfeniy that dinner was ready, and he informed Filaret. The Bishop said that a little more and he will come. But he never came. Hierodeacon Parthenius again went to call him. He saw the Metropolitan kneeling in a narrow passage room without windows next to the bedroom. But it was already a body separated from the soul... On November 19, 1867, Moscow Chrysostom, Metropolitan Philaret, having celebrated the Divine Liturgy and received the Holy Mysteries, at half past two in the afternoon he passed into eternal life - he was born into the invisible world. He reposed in the manner befitting Christian righteous people, and accepted the death for which every Orthodox person prays daily - painless, shameless and peaceful. From a journey around the world that lasted almost eighty-five years, his soul went to his Fatherland, bequeathed by God. Having learned about the death of the saint, the Kremlin struck the large bell of the Ivan the Great bell tower. Following the first blow, eleven more sad sounds sounded. Hearing this ringing, which came at an inappropriate time, Muscovites asked each other what happened, what trouble, what event. Were worried. Then the sad news about the death of their beloved bishop began to spread. Crowds of people flowed to the Trinity courtyard, wanting to pay their last respects to him. Archbishop Ambrose of Kharkov left memories of this: “Upon arrival at the metochion, I was led into the office in Bose of the deceased saint and there I bowed to the ground before him. He (he was laid on the sofa) was wearing a cassock made of moire-antique fabric, a modest wild color, and a belt with silk flowers on a white background. The Bishop seemed unusually peaceful: here is a true saint of God, who worked so gloriously and usefully for the Orthodox Church! I carried his venerable body along with others into a large hall, where he was dressed in all the bishop’s vestments - the same one in which he celebrated the last divine liturgy that same day (Sunday) ... The requiem service was performed by the right reverend vicars in the presence of the governor general, and the next day (20th), after the body of the venerable saint was brought into the church of the cross, the liturgy and requiem service were celebrated there by me together with the archpriests, hieromonks and priests.” Archimandrite Anthony brought from the Lavra a cypress coffin, made long ago at the request of Metropolitan Philaret himself. This coffin was placed in the house church of the courtyard, and the light, almost weightless body of the deceased was placed there. And for three days, at the first hour of noon and at eight o’clock in the evening, funeral services were celebrated here. These days, Ivan Sergeevich Aksakov wrote: “The power, the great, moral, social power, in which the entire Russian world heard and felt its own power, was abolished - a power not created from the outside, generated by the power of the personal spirit, growing on the church’s folk soil... The lamp that shone for half a century throughout Russia without becoming scarce, without fading, but as if feeding on the multiplication of years and appearing brighter as it progressed, has gone out. evening twilight." At ten o'clock in the morning on November 23, Metropolitan Arseny of Kiev began the liturgy in the presence of the entire Moscow clergy in black vestments. At noon, the bells of the Church of St. Sergius rang: the Trinity-Sukharevsky metochion said goodbye to its great monk. After the liturgy and funeral service, the coffin was transported to the Trinity-Sergius Lavra, where it was laid to rest in the chapel of Philaret the Merciful Church of the Descent of the Holy Spirit. In the very first years after the death of the ruler, a whole epic began to take shape among the people about his habits, character and his miracles. How much of that epic is true and how much is fiction, only God knows. In his book about Saint Philaret, Archimandrite Gregory wrote: “On the anniversary of his death, that is, November 19, 1868, in the cross courtyard church, I performed, by order of the Right Reverend Ignatius, a funeral liturgy and a conciliar requiem service. On the night of this date, the deceased ruler, whom I saw in a cassock and a white hood, blessed me, and on his sides were some other two hierarchs, covered with a white cloud.” They loved to remember how the Bishop forgot his glasses everywhere, and then they looked for them in all the places where he happened to be the day before - at Sergei Mikhailovich Golitsyn, at the merchant Timofeeva’s, or in some Moscow church; place. With reverent horror they recalled the case of one mischievous Moscow gentleman who, in order to please his progressive ideas, decided one day to laugh at Filaret’s foresight and came to his courtyard with a false request - they say that the estate burned down, I need money, I don’t know where to get it... The Bishop ordered the petitioner to be given 300 rubles, and he left, anticipating how tomorrow he would print in the newspaper that no Filaret seer Imagine his shock when he learned that at the very moment when he received money from the saint, his estate actually caught fire and burned to the ground! Liberal ideas were shaken, and soon the frightened naughty man again appeared at the Trinity Compound. - Your Eminence Bishop! – he fell to his knees in front of Filaret. - Forgive me generously! I deceived you... And when you told me to take out the money, the estate burned down! Here they are, three hundred rubles... – Keep them for yourself, they will definitely come in handy now. God will forgive you, but don’t do that again,” the saint answered him. They recalled the incident of how Filaret healed a mute girl. At the age of seven she saw a wolf and was so frightened that she was speechless. Until the age of twenty, she communicated only by signs, and could not utter a word. The mother brought her to the saint, and he asked: And suddenly the girl, who had been silent for thirteen years, quietly breathed out her name. He knelt with her before the images and read the Jesus Prayer: “Lord Jesus Christ, Son of God, have mercy on me, a sinner.” Made me repeat it. The girl had difficulty, but managed. - Now let’s go together, and be bold! And they read the same prayer together several times. From that time on, the girl got rid of muteness forever. In the letters of St. Philaret to the Monk Anthony, no matter what year, there are constantly flashing requests for enamel icons produced in the Trinity-Sergius Lavra: “I have a need for enamel icons, I ask you to send as many as possible.” He loved small and elegant enamel icons selflessly, admired them, and most importantly, gave them as gifts. If someone came to him not like that playful progressive gentleman, but with real need, with grave misfortune, with inescapable grief, the bishop would console him as best he could, help with words or money, advise something or forbid rash actions, and every time in such emotional cases he would give an enamel icon: – In honor of which saint were you baptized? John the Warrior? Here's John the Warrior, don't part with this icon, pray to him, he will always be your protection and help. - What's your name? Euphrosyne? In honor of Euphrosyne of Polotsk? Receive her icon from me, it will protect you from evil deeds. – What do you say is the name of the one who offends you? Lvov? Here is an icon of the hermit Abba Paul of Thebes, whom two lions served. He tamed them, so much so that they drove other lions away from his monastery. One Moscow merchant developed gangrene in his hand, or, as they said then, Antonov fire. The doctors set a day to cut off the arm. But a schismatic friend I knew came and asked with a grin: – Why don’t you ask your metropolitan to perform a miracle? You say he is a miracle worker! The relatives of the unfortunate merchant went to the Trinity Compound. Filaret, having listened to them, immediately called the parish priest and ordered him to perform the liturgy and impart the Holy Mysteries to the sick man, and not to cut off his hand. And so they did. And it helped - the Antonov fire began to subside. They prayed earnestly for forty days, and during this time the hand completely recovered. One priest's daughter suffered terribly from headaches. He went to Philaret, the saint gave him his skufia to put on the sick person’s head. They did so, and soon the girl was miraculously healed. Many people, just before their healing, saw in a dream Saint Philaret, who came to them with a blessing. Many talked about how they approached the saint under his blessing and placed his hand on sore spots on their face, shoulders or chest and soon received healing. Many drunkards, having received the bishop’s blessing for a sober lifestyle, stopped drinking for the rest of their lives. Those possessed by demons were healed in exactly the same way. A certain peasant on his way to Moscow fell into a snowstorm, lost his way, fell exhausted and was in great fear of being frozen. But then he saw a shadow approaching him and, believing that some animal wanted to tear him to pieces, he began to say a prayer to God. As the shadow approached, he saw a short old man in a black robe and cap, who asked him who he was and where he was from. And when the peasant explained everything to him in detail, the elder took him by the hand and said: - Why are you so discouraged, get up, I’ll finish you. The peasant, feeling that his strength had been renewed, stood up, and the two of them easily reached the village. Here the elder said: “Stay, the Lord is with you, now you are out of danger.” The peasant fell to his knees with tears of gratitude and asked for whom he should pray. The elder replied: “Pray for Philaret of Moscow,” and with these words he became invisible. The next day the peasant came to Moscow, went to different monasteries, looked for his savior, until one merchant advised him: “Probably our Metropolitan saved you,” and showed him the way to the Trinity Compound. There, seeing the saint getting out of the carriage, he fell on his knees in front of him: The Vladyka ordered him to be silent and follow him into the rooms, where the peasant told him everything in detail. After listening to him, Filaret said: - Don’t attribute this to me, but pray to St. Sergius - it was he who saved you. And he gave him an enamel icon of Sergius of Radonezh. During the Easter holidays, high-society ladies once came to Vladyka, and one of them asked the Metropolitan: – Why did the Savior, after His resurrection, appear first to the myrrh-bearing women? - Because the female sex is very talkative, and it was necessary for this event to become known to everyone as soon as possible... There were many such stories, all of them were passed on by Moscow residents from mouth to mouth and spread throughout Great Russia. It is not known exactly when exactly Saint Philaret composed his own prayer to the Lord; all that is known is that throughout the last years of his life he constantly read it, adding to the general rite of Orthodox prayers: “Lord: I don’t know what to ask of You! You alone know what I need. You love me more than I can love myself. Father! Give to Your servant - what I myself cannot ask for. I don’t dare ask - no cross, no consolation! Only I stand before You; my heart is open. You see needs that I don’t know. Look! - and do to me according to Your mercy: strike and heal, overthrow and raise me. I am in awe and silent before Your holy will and Your destinies, incomprehensible to me. I sacrifice myself to You. I surrender to You. I have no desire except the desire to fulfill Your will... Teach me to pray. Pray in me yourself.” Nowadays, Philaret’s prayer can be increasingly seen in newly published Orthodox prayer books. The most worthy successor of Saint Philaret at the Moscow see was Innocent (Veniaminov), “the good servant of God,” as Philaret himself called him. He was fifteen years younger than Filaret, was born in Siberia and devoted most of his life to Siberia, the Far East, and America. At the insistence of Filaret, after the death of his wife, he became a monk. Then he became Bishop of Kamchatka, Apostle of America and Siberia. He translated the Holy Scriptures into the languages ​​of the peoples living there. In the year of Philaret’s death, Archbishop Innocent turned seventy years old, he had poor vision, was weakening and asked to retire to a monastery, but the Moscow Metropolitan refused him: “May the Lord tell you what is pleasing to Him, and what is good for you and His Church.” On January 5, 1868, Bishop Innokenty was appointed Metropolitan of Moscow and Kolomna instead of the deceased Bishop Philaret; news of this arrived two weeks later in Blagoveshchensk, where he was located. On May 25, 1868, Mother See of Moscow greeted its new saint. Imitating his predecessor in everything, Metropolitan Innocent remained a Moscow bishop until his death on March 31, 1879, and he was buried in the Spiritual Church of the Trinity-Sergius Lavra, next to the grave of his friend and mentor, Metropolitan Philaret. The Monk Anthony, who was born into the invisible world on May 12, 1877, was buried nearby, having lived exactly the same amount of time as his friend and spiritual son Philaret. The work of Saint Philaret continued, a complete translation of the Bible into Russian was carried out. His works were published every year. In January 1883, the centenary of Moscow Chrysostom was celebrated. The main celebrations took place in the Chudov Monastery in the Kremlin. Soon after this, the Synod, edited by Archbishop Savva of Tver, published the multi-volume “Collection of opinions and reviews of Metropolitan Philaret on educational and church-state issues.” The bodies of Philaret, Anthony and Innocent rested peacefully in their coffins, to which many believers flocked every year. And many received healing or spiritual consolation by visiting their holy remains. But a godless time came and what happened in the kontakion to St. Philaret was said: “from the godless you received reproach and reproach.” During the years of the campaign to open the holy relics, the atheists passed by the burial places of Philaret, Anthony and Innocent, but just before the war their wicked hands reached these graves. In 1938–1940, all the outbuildings around the Spiritual Church were dismantled. All the burials were opened and destroyed. There are memories of witnesses that the head of Metropolitan Philaret turned out to be incorrupt, and the man who committed the sacrilege died tragically just a few days later. The remains were buried again, and the place where the church stood was razed to the ground. And this was already happening in those days when the whole country was cracking under the iron onslaught of fascist Germany. In August 1941, all work was completed. From now on, it was difficult to guess where exactly the remains of the three saints of the 19th century were located. After the war, in addition to everything else, the place was asphalted, and even later covered with concrete slabs. For half a century, the foundation of the Church of the Descent of the Holy Spirit and three sacred graves were hidden under a layer of earth, asphalt and concrete. People walked above them. In the 20th century, His Holiness Patriarch Alexy II undoubtedly became a man and shepherd equal to St. Philaret. He began his episcopal service, like Filaret, from the Revel see. It was with his blessing that the search for the remains and preparations for the canonization of Metropolitan Philaret began. The patriarch entrusted the work to his scientific expert on history and archeology, Sergei Alekseevich Belyaev. In his report on the work done, he wrote: “Before the start of the excavations, the governor of the Lavra, Archimandrite Theognostus, addressed a question about the fate of the graves to one of the participants in the restoration work in the Spiritual Church, V.V. Baldin. On March 10, 1994, an official response was received from him, which stated: “When laying out the pavement around the Spiritual Church, the burial of Metropolitan Philaret was not specifically searched for or opened - I testify to this as a participant in the work carried out here until August 1941. After the excavations, I came across archival photographs that show the stage-by-stage destruction of Metropolitan Philaret’s grave. The last photograph shows the contents of the coffin, including the incorruptible head of the saint. Folk legend was not wrong. The time of the desecration of the graves is not indicated in the photographs, and I do not know it, but there is reason to believe that the devastation occurred during the period of destruction of the church in the name of Philaret the Merciful... It seems that after the revival of monastic life in the Lavra in 1945, such desecration was impossible, especially since, as is clear from photographic documents, it was committed after the dismantling of the walls of the Philaret Church. In our opinion, it would have been impossible to do this in a functioning monastery in full view of the entire people, and the situation in the country at that time was completely different than in the thirties. In the photographs, the Lavra is completely empty, deserted... After the removal of the Philaret Church and other extensions, the space around the Spiritual Church turned into a flat, undeveloped area, covered until recently with asphalt, and now paved with small concrete slabs. There are no visible traces left of the Philaret Church, much less of the graves. Thus, at the first stage of the work, the task was reduced to localizing the contours of the Spiritual Church and the graves located in it, which were not marked in any way on the modern surface. Her solution was greatly helped by the existing descriptions of the burial sites and the measurement drawing of the Spiritual Church provided by V.V. Baldin.” In addition to the patriarchal expert and the governor of the Lavra, Archimandrite Kirill (Pavlov) took part in the excavations - the same famous sergeant Pavlov, hero of the Battle of Stalingrad, in whose honor the “house of Pavlov” was named (According to other sources, a namesake who also fought in Stalingrad - editor's note). In addition to them, archimandrites Georgiy (Tertyshnikov), Matthew (Mormyl), Naum (Bayborodin), economic abbot Georgy (Danilov), hieromonk Vikenty (Mazur), hieromonk Joasaph (Podgorov), representatives of the Moscow Theological Academy and Seminary were present during the excavations. They all signed the autopsy report: “We, the undersigned, testify that on October 10–14, 1994, excavations were carried out south of the Church of the Descent of the Holy Spirit on the site of the Church of Philaret the Merciful, demolished in 1938–1940. In those places with which written evidence and church tradition connect the burial of St. Innocent (Veniaminov) and the abbot of the Holy Trinity Sergius Lavra, Archimandrite Anthony (Medvedev), burial structures (crypts) were indeed discovered. But they were dilapidated and devastated. At the place where, according to various sources, the grave of Metropolitan Philaret (Drozdov) should have been located, an irregularly shaped pit, tapering downward, was discovered. Approximate dimensions: depth of about 2.7 m from the level of the modern surface, along line B-3 - about 2.5 m, along line C-3 - about 1.5 m. The pit was filled with construction waste and earth, among which were human remains, holy vestments and coffin boards with three types of handles. On October 12, the remains of three people were extracted from it: skulls, large bones, ribs and a number of other fragments. On October 13, the discovered bone remains were washed according to the rite of washing the relics and laid out in order. After analyzing the remains and comparing them with the portraits of Metropolitan Philaret (Drozdov), Metropolitan Innocent (Veniaminov) and Archimandrite Anthony (Medvedev), located in the Patriarchal chambers, the remains were recognized as belonging to Saint Innocent, Metropolitan Philaret and Archimandrite Anthony. Subsequently, the validity of this statement, as well as the legitimacy of attributing certain remains to specific individuals, was confirmed by anthropologists. Most of the found fragments of vestments belong to Metropolitan Philaret (Drozdov). The identity of the wooden panagia has not yet been determined. The black robe apparently belonged to Archimandrite Anthony.” Further, Sergei Alekseevich Belyaev tells in more detail: “Excavations began on October 10, 1994 and continued until October 14. During this time, excavation work and initial development of the discovered materials were carried out; work on the vestments and photographing them continued for another two weeks. Based on the available data, three excavation sites were chosen, corresponding to the graves of St. Innocent, Metropolitan Philaret and Archimandrite Anthony, naturally, with some tolerance. The graves actually turned out to be within the boundaries of the intended sites, and there was no need to expand the excavation area. On October 11, the confessor of the Lavra, Archimandrite Kirill (Pavlov), served a lithium for the buried in the Spiritual Church. During the excavations, lithiums and memorial services were performed regularly several times a day by the brethren of the Lavra and the clergy of the Theological Academy and Seminary. On the morning of October 11, according to the old Lavra tradition, the continuous reading of the Psalter began in the Spiritual Church (before the closing of the Lavra, the incessant Psalter was read in the Spiritual Church), and this reading did not stop until the completion of the work. Excavation work was carried out simultaneously in four areas - in the supposed locations of three graves on the outside of the southern wall of the Dukhovskaya Church and inside the Dukhovskaya Church, near its southern wall, where the tomb of Metropolitan Philaret is located. The grave of Archimandrite Anthony was discovered first - exactly where it was expected, based on known literary sources. The foundations of the walls of the vestibule of the Philaret Church and the church itself were also uncovered. In addition, to eliminate the slightest error, an additional area was excavated to the south of the grave, where there were no foundations. No burial structures were found in this area - only an earthen mound. The north-eastern edge of the grave is only 25 cm from the pilaster of the Spiritual Church, and the upper edge of the brickwork of the crypt is only 20 cm below the modern surface. The 20 cm thick layer covering the grave consists of clean sand and crushed stone. The walls of the crypt of Archimandrite Anthony, made of large bricks one brick thick, are quite well preserved. Three walls - eastern, northern and western - appear to have been preserved to their full height (1.3 m) and consist of 12 rows of bricks, and only part of the southern wall is slightly destroyed in the center (1-2 bricks high). Size of the grave (according to internal parameters): length (along the east-west line) - 2.5 m, width (along the north-south line) - 1 m, height - 1.3 m. The bottom of the grave is sandy, perhaps it was also lined with bricks, but when the grave was looted, it was removed. There is no overlap at all. Usually in monastic graves of this type the ceiling is made in the form of a brick vault, but in the grave of Metropolitan Philaret it consists of slabs. It must be assumed that in the tomb of Archimandrite Anthony, the ceiling was also either slab or vaulted. The grave of Archimandrite Anthony was covered to its entire height with construction waste, uniform in density and composition. The backfill soil is dark brown earth, possibly with a slight admixture of clay. No coffin was found in the grave; only fragments of coffin boards were found at the very bottom, two of them with metal handles. When clearing the bottom of the grave in the western part, a wooden paraman cross was found. There is no doubt that the burial of Archimandrite Anthony was discovered, and it is quite obvious that it was desecrated and plundered. However, nothing that even indirectly indicated the time of the looting - scraps of newspapers, coins or any other objects - was found. The tomb of St. Innocent, or rather what was left of it, was discovered in a place that fully corresponds to the instructions in the available descriptions. In design, it completely coincides with the grave of Archimandrite Anthony. Two circumstances could have contributed to its poor preservation. Firstly, the fact that it is located closer to the modern surface, and secondly, the fact that it turned out to be next to the newly built southern porch of the Spiritual Church and even partially under it. This means that when restoring the porch, the brick walls of the grave could have turned out to be a hindrance and were dismantled. From the grave of St. Innocent, parts of the western end and southern longitudinal walls have been preserved, as well as brickwork near the southern foundation of the Spiritual Church - possibly part of the northern wall of the grave, although it is possible that these are simply the remains of the foundation of the Philaret Church, which was closely adjacent to the foundation of the Spiritual Church. The visible length of the grave is 2 m, and the burial partially goes under the southern porch of the Spiritual Church, which was not dismantled, since it would not give anything fundamentally new. At a depth of 0.86 m from the modern surface, a brick pavement has been preserved in the central part of the grave; its length is 1.35 m (along the east-west line), width (along the north-south line) is 1 m. Apparently these are the remains of the bottom of the crypt. The entire height of the grave was covered with construction debris. There were no remains in it. With the burial of Metropolitan Philaret, everything turned out to be more complicated. Excavations, as in the two previous cases, began at the location that was determined according to the descriptions and plan provided by V.V. Baldin. However, at the very first blows of the shovel it became clear that in the western part of this site there was a modern heating plant; it was later established that it was built in 1956–1957. Having brought the excavations to a depth of about 0.3–0.4 m, we realized that no remains of the burial structure could be found - the grave was completely destroyed. At approximately the same level, the contours of the pit began to emerge. Its boundaries were quite clearly traced by the nature of the filling: the excavated area was filled with construction waste, including broken bricks, pieces of asphalt, stone chips, pieces of lime and other building materials, and the soil around it consisted of fairly clean dark-colored earth with a small admixture of clay. These soils also differed in density: the soil in the hole was relatively loose, while around it it was dense, compacted, with an admixture of clay and without any inclusions. At approximately a depth of 0.4–0.5 m, human bones, coffin boards, and pieces of vestments began to be found. This continued until the very bottom of the pit. Human remains have been found in the form of individual bones and small groups of bones. In one case, it was possible to fix a hand with the correct location of all the small bones, which retained not only the correct anatomical position, but also an ideally maintained order of relative position, moreover, this hand was almost in a strictly vertical position. It is absolutely clear that a person could not arrange the bones this way. This fact can only be explained by the fact that the brush was thrown into the pit uncorrupted. Many boards had metal handles; During the excavations, three different types of such pens were found. In two cases there were large holes in the coffin boards. Below the boards with holes, large stones were found, and below them, knocked out parts of the boards. This can only indicate one thing: stones were thrown forcefully into the pit when discarded human remains and boards from coffins were already lying in it. In total, 14-15 such stones were found in the pit, of which at least 3-4 stones weighed at least 100 kg - four strong men barely lifted them up. In the thickness of the garbage layer, two broken skulls were discovered at different depths, and fragments of one of them were later found at the very bottom of the pit. In the eastern part of the pit, at the very bottom, there was a skull with well-preserved hair on the back of the head, which, even before clearing, was identified as belonging to Metropolitan Philaret. Subsequently this was completely confirmed. In the western part, the pit partially went under the heating plant, but with all precautions taken, this area was cleared. The bottom of the pit turned out to be sandy, three walls - eastern, northern and western - earthen, and the southern - brick, but this is not the wall of the grave, but the brick foundation of the Philaret Church. At the top, the pit measures 2.25 x 1.6 m, narrows downward, and its dimensions along the bottom are significantly smaller than the top ones. The depth of the pit from the modern surface is about one and a half meters. The dismantling of the lower part of the excavation, where most of the human remains, boards and bishop's vestments were discovered, took place on the afternoon of October 12, 1994. The Lavra brothers and students of the Theological schools were nearby all the time. Especially a lot of people gathered in the evening of that day, when the number of finds began to increase. After the end of the evening service, pilgrims also joined the brethren and students, so that the total number of passive participants in the excavations reached about 200 people. All the boards and parts of the bishop's vestments found in the pit (the latter sometimes together with clods of earth, from which it was sometimes difficult to separate them) were transferred to the Spiritual Church. There, all this was laid out in strict order in certain places. As for the human remains, after removing them from the garbage filling of the pit, they were placed on a clean sheet spread out at the edge of the pit; Only small bones were taken to the church. As we deepened and found more and more relics, it became clear that a significant part of three human skeletons had been discovered, which were the holy relics of St. Innocent and the relics of Metropolitan Philaret and Archimandrite Anthony. This was indicated by the presence of bishop's vestments and a number of other signs. In particular, the head of Metropolitan Philaret was, as it were, wrapped and inseparable from purple clothing, which during excavations was mistaken for a bishop's mantle, and later turned out to be a cassock. When it became clear who the discovered relics might belong to, the continuous celebration of lithiums and memorial services began. Services were performed alternately by the clergy of the Lavra and the Academy. The service continued throughout the last two hours of excavation. During short breaks, people sang. After the head of Metropolitan Philaret appeared, I asked to bring a dish covered with air, and, after appropriate clearing, the head was taken out and handed over to the Lavra brethren on a prepared dish. This was the last find. Then the inspector of the Moscow Theological Academy, Archimandrite Sergius (Sokolov), with the choir of students and all the assembled people, performed the last litany in front of the newly acquired relics lying on the edge of the pit. At the end of the litany, the relics were raised and, accompanied by the nationwide joyful singing of “Holy God,” transferred to the Spiritual Church, where they were placed in the center on a previously prepared shield, covered with a veil. Simultaneously with the excavations of the graves outside the Spiritual Church, excavations were carried out inside it, near the southern wall, in the place where there was a white marble slab with an inscription dedicated to Metropolitan Philaret. The purpose of these excavations was to find out whether the slab was at one time installed in this place arbitrarily, simply to perpetuate the memory of the ever-memorable saint, or whether there were other reasons for this. After removing the memorial slab, floor tiles and a layer of sand, a rectangular structure located in the ground, elongated along the axis of the church (about 1 m long, about 0.7 m wide), made of modern brick, was discovered. After the necessary fixation, the brick ceiling and the western end wall were dismantled, behind which there was a plywood box approximately twice the size of a standard parcel box, upholstered in brocade with a galloon cross sewn onto the top cover. Fixation was carried out again, this time the location of the box. After the lithium was completed, the box was removed with great precautions, since the plywood was very dilapidated and literally crumbled. Then the lid was removed, under it they found a black mantle with crimson tablets, in which were wrapped two large leg bones (from the knees to the foot) and a wooden panagia with the image of Our Lady of the Sign on the front side and the Cross with the Instruments of the Passion on the back. The panagia is well preserved, only the ear is missing. The mantle, although dilapidated, turned out to be mostly intact: the two lower tablets, the braid from the upper ones and a rather large fragment of fabric survived. The fact that the relics were wrapped in the robe of an archimandrite. gave reason to assume that they belonged to Archimandrite Anthony, which was later confirmed (although it was not possible to find out on what basis). During the extraction of the box and disassembly of its contents, various assumptions were made regarding the time, method and circumstances of the appearance of this cache and its contents, but a truly substantiated explanation could only be given after the completion of the excavation of the pit with the main relics. When the pit was cleared to the bottom and it turned out that it contained honest relics that had previously rested in the Philaret Church, it became quite obvious that when laying a heating plant in the Dukhovskaya Church, they stumbled upon the burial and affected its upper layer. It is currently impossible to say with certainty what the workers discovered. It was impossible to conduct any searches or studies at that time. Then, apparently, the discovered human remains were taken out and a hiding place was built in the Spiritual Church, where the honest relics were placed. And the fact that all this was done in secret is evidenced by the fact that neither the old-timers of the Lavra nor the old-timers of the museum knew anything about the find or about any work in the Spiritual Church. It was also possible to establish the time when this could be done - no later than October 1957, when the episcopal consecration of the vicar of the Lavra, the future patriarch, Archimandrite Pimen (Izvekov) took place. On October 13, 1994, after the litany, Archimandrite Naum (Baiborodin) and Hieromonk Vikenty (Mazur), the sacristan of the Lavra, performed the rite of washing the relics. Those inhabitants of the Lavra and students of theological schools who had a medical education were invited to the Theological Church. Particularly noteworthy are the monk Gabriel (Bogachikhin) and the student of the Seminary Sergei Zabelich, who made a significant contribution to the identification and identification of relics; They subsequently compiled a description of the relics. By this time, portraits of all three persons buried in the Philaret Church were brought from the Patriarchal chambers to the Spiritual Church. After washing the relics, they began to identify them with specific individuals. We started with the skulls. The skull of Metropolitan Philaret had already been identified before. With God's help, we were able to correctly identify others. The next step was to identify the remains. Here everything turned out to be more complicated. The relics of Metropolitan Philaret were identified faster and easier than others, since he, as is known, was short in stature, and this naturally affected the size of the bones. It turned out to be more difficult to determine the holy relics of St. Innocent and the relics of Archimandrite Anthony. But, thank God, we managed to cope with this too. By the end of the day this part of the work was completed. The identified relics were placed on the same shield, located in the middle of the church on a raised platform and covered with a shroud, on which they were placed after being brought into the church and from which they were then removed for washing. The relics were located in the correct anatomical order by person: on the left - Archimandrite Anthony, in the center - Metropolitan Philaret, on the right - St. Innocent. Then the relics of St. Innocent and Metropolitan Philaret were covered with bishop's robes, the relics of Archimandrite Anthony with the archimandrite's, and the heads with white air. Then lamps, candles on candlesticks placed at the head, and censers with incense were lit. Late in the evening, at about 10 p.m., the Holy Archimandrite of the Lavra, His Holiness Patriarch Alexy, visited the Spiritual Church. His Holiness the Patriarch first examined the excavated tombs and the pit from which the honest relics were extracted. Then he entered the church and listened to a detailed account of the work done. After this, “Eternal Memory” was sung to Metropolitan Philaret and Archimandrite Anthony and “Glorification” to Saint Innocent. Thus, for the first time after many decades of mockery, the holy relics of St. Innocent and the relics of Metropolitan Philaret and Archimandrite Anthony were glorified. However, although none of those present doubted that the discovered relics belonged to Saint Innocent, Metropolitan Philaret and Archimandrite Anthony and that the relics were correctly identified, for greater confidence it was necessary to invite specialist anthropologists. His Holiness the Patriarch gave his blessing for this. Then I turned to Corresponding Member of the Russian Academy of Sciences Tatyana Ivanovna Alekseeva, who heads the anthropological laboratory of Moscow State University and the anthropological laboratory at the Institute of Archeology of the Russian Academy of Sciences. T. I. Alekseeva kindly agreed to conduct an examination, and twice - on October 25 and November 2 - came to the Lavra with a group of specialists, among whom was a candidate of biological sciences, head of the facial reconstruction laboratory of the Institute of Ethnology of the Russian Academy of Sciences G. V. Lebedinskaya, great-granddaughter of Metropolitan Leonty (Lebedinsky) of Moscow, who died in 1893. Anthropologists were given two tasks: firstly, based on a comparison of the found relics and the existing portraits, to make a reasoned judgment about the identity of the discovered relics to the persons depicted in the portraits and, secondly, to check the correctness of the correlation of skulls and skeletons. Anthropologists gave positive answers to both questions. Only about 10% of the bones were reidentified. It still remained to put in order the discovered parts of the vestments and boards. This painstaking work was carried out carefully and carefully, without damaging anything, within two weeks by Hierodeacon John (Makarov), a cleric of the Patriarchal Metochion in Peredelkino. Sometimes pieces of vestments were taken out directly from the ground; the fabric was damp, very fragile, and had to be handled with extreme caution. In addition, the fragments of vestments were often extremely small and great care was required to determine what exactly they belonged to. Father John coped with this task brilliantly. Now we can say with confidence that most of Metropolitan Philaret’s vestments have been preserved (naturally, in the form of fragments). This judgment is based on the similarity of the design and texture of the found details with the image of the vestments of Metropolitan Philaret in the coffin in the engraving from the Patriarchal Apartments of the Lavra. Parts of the sakkos, omophorion, epitrachelion, poruchi, podsakkosnik and other fragments have been preserved. Of the other vestments, only one epitrachelion was discovered, and it is currently not possible to determine whether it belonged to St. Innocent or Archimandrite Anthony. Based on the shape of the handles and the structure of the wood, it was possible to determine that the boards belonged to the coffin. The figured bronze (or brass) handles belonged to the coffin of Metropolitan Philaret, made of cypress boards. The second handles appear to be a detail of the second outer coffin of Metropolitan Philaret, which was made of oak; another handle is from the tomb of St. Innocent. Thus, through painstaking work, it was possible to establish the identity of most of the finds. When the pit was discovered and its excavations began, those present saw a terrible picture of the desecration of the relics dear to every believer: the relics of the three saints of God were mixed up, littered with garbage, it was difficult to understand how much of them had survived, and there was little faith that the excavations would be completed successfully. But, thank God, almost all the finds were identified. Three more shrines were returned to the Russian Orthodox Church. This is truly the mercy of God. God bless!" From November 29 to December 2, 1994, the Council of Bishops of the Russian Orthodox Church met in the Danilovsky Monastery, at which St. Philaret was canonized; It was established to celebrate his memory on November 19 according to the Julian calendar or December 2 according to the Gregorian calendar. One of the most famous philaretics is Honored Professor of the Moscow Orthodox Theological Academy Konstantin Efimovich Skurat, author of the book of selected thoughts of Philaret “The Spiritual Alphabet”. This is how he remembers those days: “On Thursday, December 1, after giving lectures, I immediately went to the city on various business matters. There was a lot to do, and I expected to return to the holy monastery only around 16:00. But everything went surprisingly quickly, and at 14:53 I was already at the hotel. Mother Anastasia met me at the door with a question: - Where? – I asked in bewilderment. – To transfer the remains of Metropolitan Philaret from the Spiritual Church to the Refectory Church. - And now, exactly at 15 o’clock!.. At exactly three o'clock I was already standing near the Spiritual Church. A few minutes later the door to the church opened. Having specially arrived at the Lavra, at the direction of His Holiness Patriarch Alexy II, Bishop Arseny of Istra and Bishop Simon of Tikhvin with the brethren of the monastery served a funeral litany, and under the ringing of bells, the remains of Metropolitan Philaret were transferred and placed in a prepared shrine between two side altars, after which a requiem service was performed... On Saturday, December 3... the funeral service was performed by Archbishop of Tambov and Michurinsky Evgeniy, co-served by the abbot of the Monastery, Archimandrite Theognost. The student choir sang under the direction of the great master of his craft, Archimandrite Matthew (Mormyl)... I knew that on December 4, the act of canonization of Metropolitan Philaret would take place in the Assumption Patriarchal Cathedral of the Kremlin. I also knew that you could only get into the Kremlin and, accordingly, to worship services with an invitation card. I couldn't get it at the Academy. And yet, when the students asked me if I would be at the canonization ceremony, I answered: “The Saint has already called me twice and, if he pleases, he will call me a third time.” Hearing my words, the students smiled. So what? I’m returning from the seminary building, I go into the cloakroom to undress, and a first-year student at the Academy comes in behind me and, handing over an invitation card to a service in the Kremlin, says: “Hierodeacon Benjamin sent you from Moscow... And I was at the canonization of St. Philaret!” Act of the Consecrated Bishops' Council of the Russian Orthodox Church "On the canonization of St. Philaret (Drozdov) 1782–1867, Metropolitan of Moscow and Kolomna", St. Daniel's Monastery, November 29 - December 2, 1994, Moscow In the name of the Father, Son and Holy Spirit! The Consecrated Council of Bishops of the Russian Orthodox Church, having examined the life and holy ministry of Metropolitan Philaret of Moscow and Kolomna, who through his prayer and deeds acquired abundant gifts of Divine grace, now finds it timely to glorify this great and wise archpastor of the Russian Church as a saint. He is revered among the people as a great lamp of the Orthodox faith, which to this day, in his numerous creations, radiates the light of the truth of Christ. Thanks to the significant contribution of Saint Philaret to the translation of the Holy Scriptures into Russian, Christians in Russia to this day have the opportunity to listen to the Word of God in a language accessible to them. In full conviction of the truth of the high spiritual life and active church service of Metropolitan Philaret, the Council DETERMINES: 1. To canonize Metropolitan Philaret of Moscow and Kolomna for church-wide veneration. 2. The honorable remains of St. Philaret are considered holy relics. 3. His memory is celebrated on November 19 according to the Julian calendar. 4. To paint an honest icon for veneration for the newly glorified saint of God, according to the definition of the VII Ecumenical Council. 5. Print the life of St. Philaret, and also begin publishing his works for the edification of the children of the church. 6. On behalf of the Consecrated Council, announce the glorification of St. Philaret to the All-Russian flock. 7. The name of the newly introduced saint should be reported to the Primates of the fraternal Local Orthodox Churches for inclusion in the calendar. Through the intercession and prayers of Saint Philaret, may the Lord strengthen the Orthodox faith among the children of the Church. Amen. From this day on, Saint Philaret entered the ranks of Russian saints. Every year on November 19 (December 2) they began to commemorate his memory as a saint. The majestic Cathedral of Christ the Savior, created by architects and artists inspired by the ideas of St. Philaret, has risen and once again shone over Moscow. This church is one of his main creations, and God inspired the idea to Patriarch Alexy II that the relics of St. Philaret should rest here, so that they would become the main shrine of the church. On June 9, 2004, the solemn transfer of the venerable relics of St. Philaret of Moscow from the Holy Trinity Lavra of Sergius to the Cathedral of Christ the Savior took place. The religious procession was led by Archbishop Sergius of Ternopil and Kremenets (Ukrainian Orthodox Church of the Moscow Patriarchate), Archbishop Eugene of Vereisky and Bishop Feognost of Sergiev Posad. The relics of the saint, with the singing of prayers, were taken out of the Trinity-Sergius Lavra and placed in a special car. Upon the arrival of the cortege in Moscow, the venerable relics of St. Philaret were installed in the church in the name of the “Sovereign” Icon of the Mother of God. Then they were transferred in a religious procession to the Cathedral of Christ the Savior, where they were met by Patriarch Alexy of Moscow and All Rus'. He led the festive all-night vigil, and after the service he congratulated those gathered in the Cathedral of Christ the Savior on the holiday and addressed them with a word dedicated to Metropolitan Philaret of Moscow: – Dear brothers and sisters, I congratulate you all on the holiday! Today we transferred the holy relics of St. Philaret, Metropolitan of Moscow, from the Trinity-Sergius Lavra to the Cathedral of Christ the Savior. During the archpastoral ministry of St. Philaret, the Cathedral of Christ the Savior was built. For forty-six years the saint was Metropolitan of Moscow and Kolomna. He did not leave without his First Hierarchal attention not only church events, but also state affairs. Thus, the manifesto on the liberation of the peasantry was prepared with the direct participation of Metropolitan Philaret of Moscow. The saint was a great theologian and preacher, a wise archpastor of the Church. Unfortunately, he did not live to see the consecration of the Cathedral of Christ the Savior, died peacefully on November 19, 1867 and was buried in the chapel of the Holy Spiritual Church of the Trinity-Sergius Lavra. After the revolution, this chapel was demolished, the grave of St. Philaret was desecrated. When the church-wide glorification of St. Philaret took place, we, together with anthropologists, studied the remains of the saint, which were desecrated during the difficult years of testing for our Church. During his lifetime, the saint was a strong man of prayer, and we believe that even now he prayerfully intercedes before the Lord for all of us who honor his honorable memory. From now on, the relics of St. Philaret will be in the Cathedral of Christ the Savior, and the residents of our Mother See will always have the opportunity to pray in front of this shrine. May the Lord bless you all, through the prayers of St. Philaret, Metropolitan of Moscow, before whose relics we celebrated the All-Night Vigil today and asked his holy intercession for all of us before the Lord God! Happy holiday to all of you! Since then, every year Patriarch Alexy II commemorated St. Philaret in his speeches. It is surprising and at the same time very significant that the last speech delivered by His Holiness the Patriarch just three days before his death was about St. Philaret on November 19 (December 2), 2008, after he performed a prayer service in the Cathedral Cathedral of Christ the Savior at the relics of Moscow Chrysostom: – Fellow archpastors, honorable fathers, dear brothers and sisters! Today we commemorate and pray before the holy relics of St. Philaret, Metropolitan of Moscow and Kolomna. For forty-six years he was a Moscow saint. During his tenure, the first Cathedral of Christ the Savior was built, into the construction of which he invested his strength and his archpastoral experience. There is evidence that a special iconostasis, reminiscent of a cuvuklia, was designed by St. Philaret, Metropolitan of Moscow. Not a single event in church or state life was complete without the soulful attention of St. Philaret. He was the author of the manifesto on the liberation of the peasants, he was a great theologian-dogmatist, preacher of the Word of God. Five volumes of his sermons are evidence of his preaching activities. A number of volumes with his resolutions on a variety of issues testify to his thoughtful attitude to the problems of church, monastic, and parish life. He was an ascetic and a man of prayer. He is among those few archpastors who lived to see the fiftieth anniversary of their episcopal service. A few months before his death, he saw his father in a dream vision, who commanded him to “keep the nineteenth.” On this day he always received the Holy Mysteries of Christ, and his death occurred on November 19, 1867. According to his will, he was buried in the chapel of the Holy Spiritual Church of the Holy Trinity Sergius Lavra. During the years of the atheism, this chapel was destroyed, the grave of the saint was desecrated. After his canonization, his holy relics were found and resided in the Holy Trinity Lavra of St. Sergius. But when the Cathedral of Christ the Savior, which had been built over decades during the priesthood of Metropolitan Philaret, was recreated, I considered it fair that his holy relics should be in the church in the construction of which he invested his strength, experience, and his archpastoral labors. He did not live to see the consecration of the first Cathedral of Christ the Savior; throughout his entire archpastoral service, he considered the Archangel Cathedral of the Moscow Kremlin his cathedral. Often he had to serve in the Assumption Cathedral of the Moscow Kremlin, but he never ascended to the high place, considering the Assumption Cathedral to be patriarchal, and considering the high place in it to be the place of the Russian patriarchs. Commemorating St. Philaret, we remember his ascetic life, and we have the opportunity to pray at his holy relics that he would confirm us in the holy Orthodox faith. So that he will help in overcoming those divisions that exist in the lives of people, in the life of society, in the life of nations - so that we all bear the title of Orthodox Christian not only in name, but also in life. I congratulate the archpastors, shepherds, all of you, brothers and sisters, on the Moscow holiday. Because the day of remembrance of St. Philaret is a Moscow holiday. We believe that the prayers of St. Philaret remain with all of us in response to our prayers to him. Today, after a common conciliar prayer with the archpastors, pastors, and the Orthodox believers of our city, we will go to our homes to our families and loved ones with the blessing of the great Saint Philaret, Metropolitan of Moscow and Kolomna, whose memory we commemorate today. Happy holiday to all of you! Three days after this speech, Patriarch Alexy II was born into the invisible world. Filaret built the Cathedral of Christ the Savior. Alexy transferred his relics to this main Moscow cathedral. And now, when we enter under these echoing arches, we must first rush to where the Moscow Chrysostom rests to the right of the altar. The owner of this church. Heavenly ruler and protector of the city of Moscow. Troparion to Saint Philaret, Met. Moskovsky, voice 4: Having acquired the grace of the Holy Spirit, / to the godly wise Saint Philaret, / you preached the truth and righteousness with the mind of enlightened people, / you showed peace and mercy to your tender hearts / to the suffering, / as a teacher of the faith and a vigilant guardian / you preserved the Russian flock with the rod of righteousness. / For this reason, having boldness towards Christ God, / pray to grant the Church affirmation, / salvation for our people and souls. Kontakion to Saint Philaret, Met. Moskovsky, voice 2: Like a true imitator of St. Sergius, you loved virtue from your youth, O blessed Philareta. As a righteous shepherd and blameless confessor, after your holy repose you accepted reproach and reproach from the godless, God glorify you with signs and miracles and show you as an intercessor to our Church. Hierarch Father Philaret, pray to God for us, who honor your memory faithfully and learn the truth from your words: Prayer to Saint Philaret O glorious and God-wise Saint Philaret of Christ, luminary of the Russian Church, praise to our land and adornment to the city of Moscow! You, through your life and service, were like an ecumenical saint: to the Great Basil - as if you explained the existence of those who exist, you appeared as a good builder of the Church of God and the mysteries of Christ, being a zealous executor and patron of monastic rules; To the theologian Gregory - as if you were worthy of non-mysterious contemplations about the Holy Trinity and God's Word, you appeared as a skillful herald; To John Chrysostom - how you were a tireless preacher and teacher of repentance for the people of God. And now, together with them, standing before the Throne of God in glory and interceding for us, pray: to the Russian Church on the rock of confession of the Orthodox faith to be more established, to grant peace and unity to our country, to grant the shepherd the word of Divine Truth the right to rule, to preserve the city of Moscow and your flock from all misfortunes. The holy monastery, where your honorable relics rest, according to the behest of St. Sergius, as his disciple, rule well; Strengthen the monks in their labors; mentors become wise; make those called to pastoral work, learning faith and piety in your spiritual city, chosen and worthy of this service. Look down from Heaven, O Saint, upon us, your children, and grant us, through your warm intercession to the Lord, in His commandments, to excel in His commandments, to maintain firm faith, unfeigned love and piety until the last hour of death, so that we may unashamedly stand before our Savior, the Lord Jesus Christ, to Him, together with the Father and the Holy Spirit, belongs glory, honor and worship, now and forever and ever. Amen. From the service record of His Eminence Philaret, Metropolitan of the Moscow Diocese Archimandrite Filaret, Metropolitan of Moscow and Kolomna, Holy Trinity Sergius Lavra, member of the Holy Governing Synod. Moreover, a member of the Imperial Humane Society, vice-president of the Moscow Prison Trustee Committee, full member of the Conference of the Moscow Theological Academy, ordinary academician of the Imperial Academy of Sciences, honorary member of the Society of Russian History and Antiquities, the Imperial St. Petersburg Medical-Surgical Academy, the Imperial Moscow and Novorossiysk Universities, Imperial Societies - Archaeological, Geographical, Conference of Theological Academies - St. Petersburg, Kyiv and Kazan. Has diamond insignia of the Order of St. Apostle. Andrew the First-Called, Order: St. Vladimir, 1st class. Grand Cross, St. Alexander Nevsky and St. Anna, 1st class; a diamond-studded Panagia and a staff studded with precious stones, a Doctor's cross, a pectoral cross decorated with precious stones, a gold medal for peasant work and insignia of the Greek Order of the Savior Grand Cross, bronze pectoral crosses on the Vladimir ribbon - the first for 1812, the second in memory of the war of 1853–56. Received: 1) according to the Moscow state. Eparch. department salary 428 rub. 85 k., maintenance 1283 rub. 31 k.; total 1712 rub. 16 k.; 2) according to the rank of Archimandrite of the Holy Trinity Sergius Lavra, a salary of 285 rubles. 90 kopecks, for maintenance 571 rubles. 80 kopecks; total 857 rub. 70 kopecks; 3) according to the rank of the present Moscow Saint. Synod Office salary 1143 rub. 60 kopecks, and only 3713 rubles. 46 k. silver. Born 1782, December 26, Moscow. province, in the city of Kolomna, son of the cathedral deacon Mikhail Feodorovich. In the world he was called Vasily Drozdov. MAIN DATES IN THE LIFE AND ACTIVITY OF ST. PHILARET, METROPOLITAN OF MOSCOW 1782, December 26 - in Kolomna, near Moscow, a son was born into the family of deacon Mikhail Fedorovich Drozdov and his wife Evdokia Nikitichna. 1783, January 1 - when the memory of St. Basil the Great, Archbishop of Caesarea in Cappadocia is celebrated, the baby is baptized in the Kolomna Church of the Epiphany and named after the said saint - Vasily. 1791, December 20 - Vasily Drozdov entered the Kolomna Seminary to study. 1800 - Vasily Drozdov passed the test exam and in March was enrolled in the philosophical class of the Trinity Lavra Seminary in Sergiev Posad. 1803, November 21 - Vasily Drozdov graduated from the seminary and, after an examination personally conducted by Metropolitan Platon, was appointed teacher of Greek and Hebrew. 1806, January 12 - Vasily Drozdov preached for the first time, delivering a speech on the day of the liberation of the monastery of St. Sergius from the invasion of the Poles and Lithuanians in 1612. August 30 – Vasily Drozdov became a poetry teacher and preacher at the seminary. 1807 – Vasily Drozdov wrote the poem “Old Age” dedicated to Metropolitan Plato. 1808, January 14 - Vasily Drozdov began teaching higher eloquence and rhetoric at the seminary. November 16 - in the Holy Spiritual Refectory Church of the Trinity-Sergius Lavra, Vasily Mikhailovich Drozdov took monastic vows under the name of Philaret in honor of the righteous Philaret the Merciful. November 21 – Monk Philaret was ordained as hierodeacon by Metropolitan Platon. December 29 – Hierodeacon Philaret, summoned to St. Petersburg, left the Lavra. 1809, March 1 – Hierodeacon Philaret was appointed teacher of rhetoric and inspector of the St. Petersburg Seminary. March 28 – Metropolitan Ambrose (Podobedov) ordained Hierodeacon Philaret as a hieromonk. August 9 – Hieromonk Filaret was appointed to the position of rector of the Alexander Nevsky district school, established at the same seminary, retaining his previous positions at the seminary. 1810, February 8 – Hieromonk Philaret received the position of teacher of church history at the St. Petersburg Theological Academy with the rank of Bachelor of Theological Sciences. March 25, Annunciation - the first sermon of Hieromonk Philaret in St. Petersburg. 1811, June 30 - Hieromonk Philaret was “most mercifully awarded, for his distinction in preaching the Word of God,” with a pectoral cross with precious stones. July 8 – Hieromonk Philaret was elevated to the rank of archimandrite. 1812, March 11 – Archimandrite Philaret was appointed rector of the St. Petersburg Theological Academy and professor of theological sciences. March 27 – Archimandrite Filaret was appointed rector of the Novgorod Yuriev Monastery. 1813, June 13 - in the Kazan Cathedral of St. Petersburg, a sermon by Archimandrite Philaret during the burial of Mikhail Illarionovich Kutuzov. His “Discourse on the Moral Reasons for Our Incredible Successes in the Real War”, written by him, was published. June 29 – Filaret was awarded the Order of St. Vladimir, 2nd degree, Grand Cross with star. 1814 – Filaret headed the translation committee of the Russian Bible Society. He wrote “Prayer singing for the deliverance of the Church and the Russian state from the invasion of the Gauls and with them twenty languages.” August 13 – the rector of the St. Petersburg Academy, Archimandrite Filaret, became the first full doctor of theology in Russia. August 27 - he was assigned a lifelong pension in the amount of 1,500 rubles per year. August 30 – Filaret was appointed a member of the Commission of Theological Schools. 1815, January 4 and 8 - Archimandrite Philaret attended exams at the Tsarskoye Selo Lyceum, where he first saw young Alexander Pushkin. June - July - Archimandrite Philaret inspected the Moscow Theological Academy and seven seminaries: Novgorod, Tver, Vladimir, Yaroslavl, Kostroma, Spaso-Bifan and Moscow, as well as a number of district and parish schools. 1816, January 18 – Filaret’s father, Archpriest Mikhail Drozdov, died. March - Archimandrite Filaret was appointed rector of the Moscow Novospassky Monastery, but at the same time remained at the St. Petersburg Theological Academy. He became vice-president of the Russian Bible Society and began the work of his entire life associated with the translation of the Old and New Testaments into Russian. April 8 – the emperor awarded Filaret with a panagia. June 2 – Archimandrite Philaret is appointed as a member of the Committee to resolve court cases regarding clergy of the Greek-Russian confession in Finland. July 16 - confirmed as a member of the council of the Imperial Humane Society. 1817, March 3 – Archimandrite Philaret was appointed a member of the Construction Committee at the St. Petersburg Theological Academy. April 7 – appointed member of the Main Board of Schools. July 23 – Archimandrite Philaret was ordered to be Bishop of Revel, vicar of the St. Petersburg diocese, leaving him the post of rector of the academy and administrator of the Novospassky monastery. August 5 – in the Trinity Cathedral of the Alexander Nevsky Lavra, Archimandrite Philaret was consecrated Bishop of Revel. 1818 – the second edition of Filaret’s Gospel was published. August 26 – Filaret was awarded the Order of St. Anne, 1st degree. 1819, August 15 - Bishop Filaret was appointed to the Tver department with the rank of archbishop; At the same time he became a member of the Synod. The abbess of the Orthodox women's community on Borodino Field, the general's widow Margarita Tuchkova, came to Filaret for a conversation. She became the saint's spiritual child. 1820, September 26 – Filaret was appointed Archbishop of Yaroslavl and Rostov; The main board of schools published Filaret’s “Readings from the Four Evangelists and from the Book of the Acts of the Apostles, for use in civil schools.” 1821, July 3 - Archbishop Philaret was appointed to the Moscow see, he is also the holy archimandrite of the Holy Trinity Sergius Lavra and present at the Moscow Synodal Office. August 13 – Filaret arrived in Moscow and settled in the courtyard of the Trinity-Sergius Lavra. 1823 – an edition of the complete Russian New Testament was published with a foreword by Archbishop Philaret. June 2 – Filaret received the Order of St. Alexander Nevsky. In St. Petersburg, Archbishop Filaret drew up an act of will of Emperor Alexander I on succession to the throne in favor of his brother Nikolai Pavlovich. 1825, December 18 - Archbishop Filaret swore the oath of Moscow to Nicholas I. December 25 - the emperor granted Filaret a diamond cross to wear on his hood. 1826, April 12 – the activities of the Russian Bible Society are prohibited. August 22 – Archbishop Filaret participated in the coronation of Emperor Nicholas I and on the same day became Metropolitan of Moscow and Kolomna. September 6 – the ban on Filaret’s catechisms was lifted. 1828, January 7 - The highest gratitude was declared to Saint Philaret for compiling a Brief Sacred History, as well as short and lengthy catechisms with the addition of instructions for soldiers. 1829, August 17 - Metropolitan Philaret consecrated the foundation stone of the Triumphal Gate in Moscow. 1830, January - Saint Philaret responded with his poem “Not in vain, not by chance...” to A. S. Pushkin’s poem “A gift in vain, a gift by chance...”, published in the almanac “Northern Flowers.” Autumn - during the cholera epidemic in Moscow, Saint Philaret in his sermons appeals to faith in the name of salvation, holds constant joint prayer services and religious processions. 1831, April 19 - Metropolitan Philaret was awarded the highest order of the Russian Empire - St. Andrew the First-Called. The beginning of his multi-page correspondence with the new rector of the Trinity-Sergius Lavra, Anthony (Medvedev). 1833 – Saint Philaret compiled the “Rules” for the Spassky women’s charitable dormitory institution on the Borodino field. 1836, July 4 - in the Trinity-Sergius Lavra, Saint Philaret tonsured Margarita Mikhailovna Tuchkova a nun, under the name of Melania. Autumn – Filaret’s polemic with Chaadaev, who published his first “Philosophical Letter”. 1837, January - death of Pushkin. Saint Philaret is trying to ensure that the poet’s burial takes place according to Christian rites. September 12 – Filaret consecrated the Church of the Holy Martyr Tatiana at Moscow University. 1839, March 26 – Saint Philaret was awarded the Order of the Holy Equal-to-the-Apostles Prince Vladimir, 1st degree. July 23 – Filaret consecrated the Spaso-Borodinsky Convent. August 26 – consecrated the monument on the Borodino field. September 10 – Filaret blessed the foundation stone of the Cathedral of Christ the Savior on Volkhonka. 1840, June 28 - Saint Philaret tonsured the nun Melania (Tuchkova) into the abbot's mantle and took the name Mary. The next day she became the abbess of the Spaso-Borodinsky Monastery. 1842, spring - a new wave of attacks on St. Philaret by the Chief Prosecutor of the Holy Synod N. A. Protasov. May - Filaret returned to Moscow and no longer went to St. Petersburg for synodal hearings. 1843 – establishment of the Gethsemane skete in the Trinity-Sergius Lavra. November 16 - Saint Philaret read at the all-night vigil the Life of St. Nikon, Abbot of Radonezh, which he composed. 1844, spring - the publication of selected sermons by Philaret began at the expense of the Moscow merchant A.I. Lobkov. The Moscow Metropolitan made all the assignments of subjects for the bas-reliefs and high reliefs of the Cathedral of Christ the Savior. September 28 – the solemn consecration of the Church of the Assumption of the Virgin Mary took place in the Gethsemane monastery. 1848 - the magazine “Zvezdochka” published a poem written in response to Pushkin’s poem “A Vain Gift...”, entitled “Pushkin, who moved from dreams to reflection.” The end of the year - N.V. Gogol came to meet Filaret. 1849, April 3, Easter Day - Emperor Nicholas I bestowed upon St. Philaret the diamond insignia of the Order of St. Andrew the First-Called. April 9 – solemn consecration of the Imperial Kremlin Palace. 1851, August 22 - on the occasion of the thirtieth anniversary of his archpastoral activity and twenty-fifth anniversary in the rank of metropolitan, Filaret was awarded a panagia strewn with diamonds. 1852, February 21 - N.V. Gogol died, his funeral service was held in the Church of St. Tatiana. April 29 – Abbess Maria (Tuchkova) died. At the insistence of Metropolitan Philaret, her house on the Borodino field became a museum. 1854, January 10 - Saint Philaret was declared the highest gratitude and gratitude of the Holy Synod for the donation from the Holy Trinity Lavra and from the Chudov Monastery of 50 thousand rubles for soldiers and for the labor incurred in converting the Rogozh schismatics. 1855, January 12 - Saint Philaret spoke at the celebrations dedicated to the centenary of Moscow University. March 18 - the emperor’s gratitude was announced to him for donating 110 thousand 600 rubles for military needs from the Moscow diocese. Saint Philaret wrote “Akathist to the Most Holy Theotokos”, as well as “Explanation on the curse imposed by the council of 1667”. April 8 – Filaret writes objections to the interior painting project of the Cathedral of Christ the Savior and himself designs the subjects of the paintings. 1856, August 26 - Saint Philaret performed the sacred coronation of Alexander II and was awarded a staff studded with precious stones. Soon he again raised the issue of translating the Bible into Russian in the Holy Synod, and wrote a note proving that the Russian language is not inferior in expressiveness to the Old Church Slavonic. The opinion of the Moscow saint turned out to be decisive, and the work of the Russian translation of the Holy Scriptures gained momentum. Filaret's secretary A.P. Svyatoslavsky died. 1857, May 31 - Saint Philaret was declared grateful by the Holy Synod for his special, constant care for the improvement of the Moscow Theological Academy. 1861 – Saint Philaret edits the “Manifesto on the Abolition of Serfdom” and sends it to the sovereign (February 5). May 21 - for his work in preparing the Peasant Reform, Filaret was awarded a medal dedicated specifically to this event. June 6 – Filaret was most mercifully granted a pectoral cross decorated with precious stones. September 7 – the King of Greece awarded him the insignia of the Order of the Savior Grand Cross. 1862, October 31 - Saint Philaret received gratitude from the Empress for donating 10 thousand 100 rubles from the clergy of the Moscow diocese in favor of the residents of St. Petersburg affected by the fire. 1863, September 11 - Saint Philaret was elected trustee of the Society of Lovers of Spiritual Enlightenment. 1867, August 5 – the fiftieth anniversary of St. Philaret’s service as a bishop was celebrated. November 19 - Saint Philaret celebrated the last Divine Liturgy in his life. At the end of the second hour in the afternoon, Metropolitan Philaret of Moscow and Kolomna went to the Lord. The burial took place in the Trinity-Sergius Lavra, in the Church of the Descent of the Holy Spirit, where he once took monastic vows. 1883, January - the centenary anniversary of the birth of the Moscow ruler was celebrated in Moscow. The main celebrations took place in the Chudov Monastery in the Kremlin. 1885–1888– The Holy Synod, edited by Archbishop Savva of Tver, published the multi-volume “Collection of opinions and reviews of Metropolitan Philaret on educational and church-state issues.” 1938–1941 – the Church of the Descent of the Holy Spirit in the Trinity-Sergius Lavra was demolished; the graves of St. Philaret, St. Innocent and St. Anthony were desecrated. 1994 - with the blessing of Patriarch Alexy II, excavations were carried out and the honest relics of St. Philaret, St. Innocent and St. Anthony were discovered. The Council of Bishops of the Russian Orthodox Church canonized Saint Philaret; memory - November 19 according to the Julian calendar. 1996 - near the Church of the Holy Apostles Peter and Paul in the Kolomna Memorial Park, a memorial cross was erected to the relatives of St. Philaret buried here. 2004, June 9 - the transfer of the relics of St. Philaret from the Trinity-Sergius Lavra to the Cathedral of the Nativity of Christ in Moscow (Cathedral of Christ the Savior) took place. Major editions of the works of St. Philaret The life of our venerable and God-bearing father Sergius of Radonezh and the wonderworker of all Russia. M., 1836. Life of St. Nikon, Abbot of Radonezh. M., 1844. From the memoirs of the late Philaret, Metropolitan of Moscow. M., 1868. Selected works. Letters. Memories. M., 2003. Historical readings from the books of the Old Testament for use in schools. St. Petersburg, 1822. Cell diary of Moscow Metropolitan Philaret. M., 1908. Short Catechism of the Orthodox Catholic Greek-Russian Church. St. Petersburg, 1824. Translation of the Gospel of John into Russian. St. Petersburg, 1819. Letters to A. N. Muravyov (1822–1867). Kiev, 1869. Letters from Metropolitan Philaret to his relatives (1800–1866). M., 1882. Letters to St. Anthony, the abbot of the Holy Trinity Sergius Lavra. T. I-III. Holy Trinity Sergius Lavra, 2007. Complete collection of resolutions of Philaret, Metropolitan of Moscow. T.I.V. M., 1903–1916. Call on God for help. Letters. M., 2006. Conversations between the searching and the confident about the Orthodoxy of the Eastern Greek-Russian Church with the addition of an extract from the district letter of Photius, Patriarch of Constantinople, to the eastern patriarchal thrones. St. Petersburg, 1815. Discussion about the moral reasons for our incredible successes in the real war (i.e., in the war of 1812). St. Petersburg, 1813. A collection of opinions and reviews of Philaret, Metropolitan of Moscow and Kolomna on educational and church-state issues. T. I-V. St. Petersburg, 1885–1888. The legend of the discovery of the relics of St. Mitrofan, Bishop of Voronezh. St. Petersburg, 1832. Table of readings from the Holy Scriptures, church and civil press. St. Petersburg, 1819. Creations. Words and speeches. T. I-V. M., 2003–2007. Christian catechism of the Orthodox Catholic Eastern Greek-Russian Church. St. Petersburg, 1823. Readings from the four Evangelists and from the book of the Acts of the Apostles for use in civil schools. St. Petersburg, 1820. Literature about Saint Philaret Arkhangelsky A. K First and last. Elder Theodore Kozmich and Tsar Alexander I. M., 1995. Vinogradov V.P. Platon and Filaret, Metropolitans of Moscow (comparative characteristics of their moral character). Sergiev Posad, 1913. Vislotsky A. Metropolitan Philaret and the Bible Society. Trinity-Sergius Lavra, 1852. Gennady (Gogolev), archimandrite. Saint Philaret (Drozdov) and his role in the creation of the Russian folk language. Kostroma, 2008. Dmitriev D. Gethsemane Skete: In memory of the unforgettable hierarch of the Moscow Church, Metropolitan Philaret. Holy Trinity-Sergius Lavra, 1898. Zarnitsky I.I. Filaret, Metropolitan of Moscow, as a preacher. St. Petersburg, 1858. John (Snychev), Metropolitan. The life and work of Philaret, Metropolitan of Moscow. Tula, 1994. Canonization of saints in the 20th century. M., 1999. Kozlov Maxim, archpriest. Testaments of St. Philaret, Metropolitan of Moscow, to Russian culture. Saratov, 2009. Korsunsky I. N. Saint Philaret, Metropolitan of Moscow, his life and work at the Moscow See. Kharkov, 1894. Lebedev A.P. Traits of the moral character of Moscow Metropolitan Philaret. M., 1905. Leskov N. S. The struggle for dominance. Collected works. T.VI. M., 1998. Poselyanin E. N. Russian ascetics of the 19th century. St. Petersburg, 1910. Skurat K.E. Spiritual alphabet. Selected advice and instructions from St. Philaret of Moscow. M., 2010. Smirnov A. A., archpriest. Childhood, adolescence, youth, years of study and teaching at the Trinity Lavra Seminary of Metropolitan Philaret (1782–1808). M., 1893. Smolin P.K. History of the Russian Church. 1700–1917. M., 1997. Sushkov I.V. Notes on the life and times of St. Philaret, Metropolitan of Moscow. M., 1868. Shemyakin V.I. Moscow, its shrines and monuments. M., 1896. Yakovlev A.I. The Age of Filaret. M., 2010. Yakovlev A.I. Light of the Russian Church: Biography of St. Philaret (Drozdov), Metropolitan of Moscow and Kolomna. M., 2007.