Orthodox Theological Encyclopedia or Theological Encyclopedic Dictionary. Volume IV

V (Don Diocese–Ifika) VII (John of Scythopolis–Calendar) VIII (Kadnikov monasteries – Kakhikst) XI (Claudas–Apocryphal Books) XII (Symbolic Books – Constantinople) The Hague • Gaafa • Gabinius • Gibeon • Gavvatha • Gavdentius • Gabeddai • Gavinius • Gabriel, Archangel • Gabriel, martyr. • Gabriel, Patriarch • Gabriel, Metropolitan • Gabriel, Bishop • Gabriel, Archimandrite • Gabriel, Archbishop • Gabriel of Dometsky • Gabriel, St. Petersburg. Metropolitan • Gagarin • Hagenbach Karl Rudolf • Gad • Gadara • Knee of Gad • Divination • Gaza • Gaza Karl Augustus • Gasophilakia • Gaius • Gaimon • Gaiania • Gaius • Gilead • Galaktion • Galatians • Galakhov • Gali and Galina • Galik • Galileo • Galilee • Galilean • Galician or Red Rus • Gall Vibius Trebonian • Gall, Irish monk • Gallandi • Gallicanism • Gallienus • Gallio • Gaul • Gallois • Galuppi • Gamaliel • Hamann • Gangra • Hanno • Garduin • Garetovsky • Garisim • Garless • Harmonius • Garms • Harnak • Hartmann • Gass • Gasse • Gatton • Gauk • Gausmann • Gausrat • Gach • Guelph and Ghibelline • Gvozdev • Gebgard II • Gebal • Gevernik • Hegel • Hegemonius • Gideon - one of the chief judges of Israel • Gideon (Pokrovsky), bishop • Gejra • Gedio • Gehenna • Geerbrand • Gesenius • Geiger • Heidelberg Catechism • Geikie • Heinetzius • Gelasius - one of the 10 Cretan martyrs • Gelasius - the name of two popes • Gelasius - the name of several east. bishops • “Heliand” • Heliogabalus • Helvetic Confessions • Helvetic Concord • Helvetius • Helvidius • Gemellus • Gemmerlin • Hengstenberg • Handel • Henderson • Genes • Genesius • Genesius • Genke • Gennadius of Massilia • Gennady - the name of two patriarchs of Constantinople • Gennady - the venerable of Kostroma and Lyubimgrad • Gennady, St. archbishop Novgorod • Gennesaret • Genovefa • Henry of Lausanne • Henry IV • Geology • George • Georgidis • George (farmer) • George - the name of several saints • George of Cappadocia • George, Bishop of Laodicea • George - Byzantine monk • George, Metropolitan of Nicomedia • George - Greek monk • George is the name of two patriarchs of Constantinople • George of Trebizond • George of Polentz • George of Svyatogorets • George – 7th Metropolitan of the Russian Church • St. George, Grand Duke of Vladimir • George Skripitsa • George of Konissky • George the Recluse • George – abbot, abbot Borkovskaya hermitage • George Piontkevich • Geppe • Gerasim the Rev. • Gerasim the name of the three patriarchs of Constantinople • Gerasim Danil Smotritsky • Gerasim bishop • Gerasim Yared • Herbelot • Gervasius the martyr • Gervasius and Protasius • Gervasius of Lintsevsky • Gerhard • Gergenröter • Herder • Gericke • Gerlach • Herman - the name of several saints • Herman is the name of the four patriarchs of Constantinople • St. Herman, archbishop. Kazan • Herman, missionary monk • Germanicus • Germany • Hermeneutics • Hermes and Hermesianism • Hermogenes – the name of several ancient saints. martyrs and several ancient bishops • Hermogenes – African heretic • Hermogenes, All-Russian Patriarch. • Hermogenes (Konstantin Petrovich Dobronravin), bishop • Gerngut • Gerontius, martyr • Metropolitan Gerontius. Moscow • Gerontius, Solovetsky hieromonk • Gerontius (Kurganovsky), archimandrite • Görres • Gertrude • Gerson • Herzegovina • Duke Johann Jacob • Duke – bishop. old man c. Switzerland • Hesshusen • Hessius Flor • Gesta romanorum • Goethe • Goethe René-François • Göttinger • Goetz • Götze • Hefele • Gef • Gethsemane • Edward Gibbon • Gibert of Parma • Gigantius • Gieseler John-Charl-Ludwig • Guizot François Pierre Guillaume • Guise • Hillel • Gilda • Hildebert • Hildegarde • Gilyarov-Platonov • Ginkmar • Ginovsky • Hyrcanus • Hirschau or Girsau • Hirscher Johann Baptist • Hystaspes or Hydaspes • Hitzig • Glagolev Sergei Sergeevich • Glagolev Dimitri Sergeevich • Glagolev Alexander Alexandrovich • Glagolitic • Gladstone • Voices • Glafira • Glicka Mikhail • Glycerium • Glykeria • Glinka Fedor Nikolaevich • Glinka Mikhail Ivanovich • Biblical glosses • Glubokovsky • Silent nonsense • Gleb • Pigeon pus • Gnosticism • Hobbes • Gobchansky • Howard • Govorov • Gog and Magog • Gogol • Gogotsky • God • Godwin • Godge • Godfrey • Godet • Gosius • Golgotha • Golindukha • Golitsyn Alexander Nikolaevich • Golitsyn Dmitry Dmitrievich • Goliath • Holland • Golovshchik • Golubev Alexander Vasilievich • Golubev Stefan Timofeevich • Golubinsky Feodor Alexandrovich • Golubinsky Dimitry Fedorovich • Golubinsky Evgeniy Evsigneevich • Golubtsov • Golub • Golbach • Holmes • Golste • Golsten • Holtzmann • Golyatovsky • Homiletics • Homilary • Persecution of Christians • Honorius - Roman Emperor • Honorius - the name of four popes and one antipope • Gontheim • Gorgias • Gorgonius • Gordian • Gordius • Pride • Horn • High Place • Gorodkov • Gorozhansky • Gorsky • Gort • Gorchakov • Hospitallers • Lords and Servants • Dominions • Mistresses • Hospitality • Gottinger • Gottschalk - monk • Gottschalk - ruler of the Wends • Goths • Hoffmann • Grail • City of God • Charters • Grasse • Gratri • Gratian - Roman Emperor • Gratian - compiler of the famous Decretum Gratiani • Gregory • Gregoire • Greek Church • Grigora Nikephoros • Grigorevsky • Gregory - the name of several saints • Gregory the Theologian • Gregory Neo-Caesarean • Gregory of Nyssa • Gregory the Illuminator • Gregory, Patriarchs of Constantinople • Gregory the Great or Double-Speaker • Gregory - the name of 16 popes • Gregory of Tours • Gregory of Utrecht • Gregory Akindinus • Gregory Sinaite • Gregory Tsamblak • Gregory Bolgarin • Gregory (Georgiy Petrovich Postnikov) • Grigory (Nikolai Vasilyevich Mitkevich) • Grigory (Ivan Voinov) • Grigory (Nikolai Ivanovich Borisoglebsky) • Grigorovich • Grinei • Griesbach • Coffin cave in which the dead were buried • Holy Sepulcher • Grodno diocese • “Grodno Diocesan Gazette” • Grossetet Robert • Georgian Exarchate • “Georgian Spiritual Messenger” • GEORGIA • Grundvig • Sin • Original Sin • The Fall of the Forefathers • Governor John of Nepomuk • Hugues John Leonard • Huguenots • Hugo • Gudula • Hooker • Gulyaev • Humbert • Gumilevsky • Gury the name of several saints • Gury St. Kazan • Gury, archbishop. Novgorodsky • Guryev Bacchus Vasilievich • Guryev Viktor Petrovich • Guryev Petr Viktorovich • Hus and the Hussites • Gusev Alexander Fedorovich • Gusev Feodor Feodorovich • Gusev Dimitri Vasilievich • Guslitsa • Gustav-Adolf • Hutten • Gfrerer • Gübner • Guyon • Gunter Anton David the second and greatest king of the Jews • David is the name of several Georgian saints • David the Armenian • Davidson • Davikt • Dagaev • Dagon • Dada • Dacosta • Dalai Lama • Delilah • Dalmatica • Dalmatia • Dalmatian • Dalton • Damarius • Damascus - the name of two popes • Damascus • John of Damascus • Damascus, Semyonov-Rudnev • Damian - the mercenary • Damian, Patriarch of Alexandria • Damian - blessed, Patriarch of Jerusalem • Damian or Damiani Peter • Damietta • Dan • Danaite • Danila Vikulin • Danila Filippov • Daniel the prophet • Daniel - the name of several saints • Daniel the Abbot • Daniel the Sharpener • Daniel St. Prince of Moscow • Daniil of Pereyaslavl, venerable • Daniil, Metropolitan of Moscow • Daniil – two outstanding Serbian bishops • Denmark • Dante Allighieri • Darbois Georges • Darwinism • Darius the Mede • Daria • Tabernacle • Daumer • Dathan • Doors • Double-fingered • Debolsky Grigory Sergeevich • Debolsky Nikolay Grigorievich • Devay Matthew Biro • De-Vette • Devorah • Desiderius • Deism • Deesis • Deisman • Deutsch • Decans • Descartes • Delitzsch • Dellinger • Delphine • Democritus • Denisovs • Money • Day in the Bible • Deputies • Dervishes • Brotherhood of the Righteous • Tithe • Decaterian • Tithe Church • Decalogue • Determinism • Decius Caius Trajan • Didaskals • Didim • Didim, called. “The Blind Man” • Dido • Diderot • Dikirios • Dimitrias • Dimitrian • Demetrius • Demetrius is the name of several saints. martyrs • Dimitri Kydonius • Dimitri Prilutsky • Dimitri Tsarevich • Dimitri, patronymic Gerasimov • St. Dimitri, Metropolitan of Rostov • Dimitri • Dimitri (Muretov) • Dimitri archbishop. Kazan • Demetrius Archbishop of Tver • Demiurge • Dippel • Diptychs • Disan • Disiderius • Patenus • Dissenter • Devil • Diadochos • Deacon • Diaconik • Deaconesses • Diaconia • Diaconism • Diy • Diognetus • Diodorus - the name of several saints. much • Diodorus Presbyter of Antioch • Diodotus • Diocletian • Diomedes • Dionysius – the name of many saints. martyrs • Dionysius the Areopagite • Dionysius of Alexandria • Dionysius of Corinth • Dionysius of Rome • Dionysius the Lesser • Dionysius - the name of the five patriarchs of the Church of Constantinople • Dionysius Archbishop of Suzdal • Dionysius of Glushitsky • Dionysius Archim. Trinity-Sergius Lavra • Dionysius (Khitrov) • Dioscorus • Dmitrevsky Ivan Ivanovich • Dmitrevsky Vasily Nikolaevich • Dmitrievsky Alexey Afanasyevich • Virtue and vice • Dobroklonsky • Dobronravov • Dobrosmyslov • Dovmont • Dogma • Dogmatic theology • Dogmatic disputes • Dodo • Permissible • Docetism • Doctor • Debt and debtors • Debt • Longevity of the patriarchs • Bishop's house • Houses of prayer • Church houses • Domestiki • Dometian • Dometius • House of Peter the Great • Dominic and the Dominicans • Domitilla • Domitian • Domnus is the name of two popes • Domnus is the name of several saints • Domna • Domnica of St. much • Domnica, professor. • Domnicia • Domnin • Domnina • Domostroy • Donat • Donatists The Orthodox Theological Encyclopedia or Theological Encyclopedic Dictionary, containing the information necessary for everyone on all the most important subjects of theological knowledge in alphabetical order. It includes articles on all theological sciences, such as: I. Holy Scripture and Biblical history and archeology. II. Basic, Dogmatic and Moral Theology. III. Church history – general and Russian. IV. Denouncing heterodoxy, schism and sectarianism. V. Canon law and parish practice. VI. Liturgics, hagiology and church archeology. VII. Preaching and its history. VIII. Philosophy and pedagogy at points of contact with theology. Publication edited by Professor A. P. Lopukhin By publishing the second volume of the “Orthodox Theological Encyclopedia”, we consider it our duty, first of all, to express our deepest gratitude to those numerous people who, on the occasion of the publication of the first volume, honored us with both oral and written expressions of their warm sympathy for the publication we had undertaken, which not only reconfirmed the assumption that this kind of publication corresponds to the urgent need in our society, but also greatly contributed to maintaining the spirit publisher, strengthening his confidence in the ability to successfully complete the work he has begun. The same sympathy for our publication was also manifested in numerous reviews, which all, with a few exceptions, were imbued with benevolence, and even those of them whose authors, for one reason or another, took a critically negative position, turned out to be not useless for the publication, serving as a reason for better clarification of the very idea, task and method of the Encyclopedia, for dispelling some misunderstandings and for eliminating inevitable shortcomings, as well as generally for arousing public attention to him. “Thank God for everything”! The second volume is a direct continuation of the first volume and it includes the end of the letter A and the entire letter B. Initially, it was intended to introduce the letter B, but the assumption turned out to be unfulfilled, just as in order to complete the letter B, the volume had to be significantly enlarged against the accepted norm (instead of 30–35 sheets, more than 40 sheets were given). This increase in the volume is explained by the importance of those subjects that were included in its composition and which required a particularly detailed presentation (such as the articles: Athos, the Bible, Grace, God, Knowledge of God, Divine Service, Theology, the God-Man and others, affecting the very essence of theological knowledge), especially since from the readers we continued to receive statements not only not opposed to such a breadth of presentation of the publication, but, on the contrary, even directly insisting that the subjects in Encyclopedias were presented with the greatest possible breadth and thoroughness. We hope that attentive readers will notice some improvements in the composition of the volume itself. Then, starting next year, the “Orthodox Theological Encyclopedia” will be published annually in two volumes, and the next III and IV volumes are supposed to contain articles on B, D, E and E. Expressing sincere gratitude to our employees for their ardent participation in the publication, we dare to hope that they will not weaken in their zeal in the future and will thus help to successfully complete the publication, the vital need for which has been sufficiently revealed by our clergy and, in general, our theologically educated society, and with the successful completion of which, an important means would undoubtedly be added for maintaining and strengthening spiritual enlightenment in our fatherland, as well as in the Orthodox-Slavic world in general 1 . At the end of this volume is a list of errors noted in Volume I, as well as a table of contents of articles for both volumes. Readers are pleased to transfer the table of contents and list of errors in volume I according to their affiliation (in volume I) and include corrections of the most important errors in the text of the book itself. A list of employees whose articles were included in volume IV or intended for it, but were not included due to lack of space and are available in the editorial portfolio for the following volumes. Bogdashevsky Dm. Iv., Master of Theology, Professor of the Kyiv Spirit. academy. Bogorodsky Neophyt Mikh., Master of Theology, Inspector of Nar. schools in Grodno. lips Bronzov Alexander Alexandrovich, Doctor of Theology, Professor St. Petersburg. Theological Academy. Belyaev Alexander Dimitrievich, Doctor of Theology, Professor of the Moscow Spirit. academy. Glagolev Sergey Sergeevich, Doctor of Theology, Professor of the Moscow Spirit. academy. Glagolev Alexander Alexandrovich, Master of Theology, Professor of the Kiev Theological Academy. Glubokovsky Nikolai Nikanorovich, Doctor of Theology, Professor St. Petersburg. spirit. academy. Dankov Nikolay Petrovich, Ph.D. theology of St. Petersburg. spirit. Academy. Dragomiretsky Vas. Step., department official. foreign confessions. Emelyanovich Vas. Parfen., Candidate of Theology St. Petersburg. spirit. Academy, Art. stolonach in the office of the Chief Prosecutor of the Holy Synod. Zavyalov Alexey Alexandrovich, Master of Theology, assistant. manager of the office of the Holy Synod. Kremlevsky Alexander Magistrianovich, master of theology, scholar of law. Yaroslav. Demid. Lyceum Laskeev Pavel Mikh., teacher St. Petersburg. spirit. seminary. Livotov Efrem N., teacher of the Kholm spirit. seminary. Lopukhin Alexander Pavlovich, Master of Theology, Professor St. Petersburg. spirit. academy. Maltsev Alexey Petrovich, Master of Theology, Archpriest-Rector of the Embassy Church in Berlin. Markov Nick. Fedorovich, candidate of can. rights St. Petersburg university, office legal adviser at the Holy Synod. Metropolitan Alexey Arsen., candidate of theology, priest. Church of the Sign in St. Petersburg. Nikodim Archimandrite view Alex.-Nevsky School in St. Petersburg. Petrovsky Alexander Vas., Master of Theology, teacher in St. Petersburg. spirit. seminary. Pokrovsky Nick. Vas., Doctor of Church History, Professor St. Petersburg. spirit. Academy and Director of the Archaeological Institute in St. Petersburg. Pokrovsky Alexander I., Master of Theology, teacher at Moscow Theological Seminary. Popov Iv. Vasilyevich, professor of the Moscow Theological Academy. Rodossky Alexey Stepanovich, candidate of theology, librarian of St. Petersburg. spirit. academy. Runkevich Stepan Grigorievich, doctor of church. history, secretary of the Holy Synod. Sergievsky Sergei Filaretovich, candidate of theology, head of the department in the office of the chief prosecutor of the Holy Synod. Serebrenikov Vitaly Step., Master of Theology, Professor St. Petersburg. spirit. Academy and member of the Spiritual Educational Committee of the Holy Synod. Smirnov Petr Sem., Master of Theology, Professor St. Petersburg. Theological Academy. Sokolov Iv. Ivanovich, Master of Theology, Associate Professor St. Petersburg. Theological Academy. Yakshich Dimitri Nikolaevich, former prof. Kalovets. Theological Seminary (in Austria), now a priest in St. Petersburg. This list does not include those employees who expressed their willingness to participate in the Encyclopedia on subjects that will be included in subsequent volumes. Our publication found a very sympathetic reception among the Orthodox Slavs, and, for example, in Bulgaria there was even a circle of theologically educated people who decided to republish our Encyclopedia in the Bulgarian language, which they have already begun. This circumstance prompted us, in turn, to put forward the pan-Slavic element a little more, and to give greater detail to the presentation of subjects included in the field of Slavic studies, as can be sufficiently evidenced by such articles as Bulgaria, Bosnia, Bukovina, placed in this volume.