Сентябрь-назимский

1 hour. Memory of the Blessed. John Kukuzel Blessed John was from Dyrrachia, Slavic Drach. Blessed One was also a Slav. John, although due to life circumstances he received a Greek education in Constantinople. His surname Kukuzel indicates his Slavic origin. When he, taken to court for his beautiful voice, was brought up with other children and the children asked him: what did he eat? He, not yet knowing the Greek language well, answered innocently: Kuku zele. The Greek kuki is a bean, and the Serbian zele is a plant. So they began to call him Kukuzele. But with his talents for singing and many writings on church singing 492 he glorified his nickname, so that in the 14th century. we see several more Kukuzels - experts in Greek church singing 493. John’s extraordinary skill in singing not only earned him the title of domestique - chief of the court singers, but it also made him a favorite of the nobles and the king himself. The king, respecting his talents and good life, was preparing to introduce him into a family relationship with one of his rich nobles. But pious John was not carried away by court fun. “His soul yearned for the Lord. One day he happened to see the abbot of the Lavra of Athos with the emperor and learn about the life of the hermits of Athos. Captivated by the quiet life of God's prayer books, John secretly withdrew from the court, with a staff in his hand and rags on his shoulders. On Mount Athos he calls himself a shepherd and receives the assignment of herding goats. John remained in obscurity for a long time; They looked for him in vain by order of the emperor. The desert life consoled John; he prayed to the Lord in silence. One day he was sitting in thought with his flock; the thought ran through his past life and his heart trembled with gratitude to God for his providence for him. Thinking that there was no one to hear him in the desert, John began to sing sacred songs and his angelic voice filled the deserted heights of Athos with melodic sounds. – The touched singer sang long and sweetly; and meanwhile, in the wild gorge, an amazed hermit listened to him. “Where did this angelic singer and also a shepherd come from?” thought the hermit. He went to the Lavra and told the abbot about the wonderful singer-shepherd. John was summoned to the Lavra and, conjured by the name of God, revealed to the abbot that he was the teacher of the court singers John. The abbot, in his fading gaze and lifeless cheeks, could hardly recognize the royal favorite, whom he saw in blooming health and with a blush playing on his cheeks. At the tearful request of the modest John, the abbot left him with a herd of goats. Then, being at court, he begged the emperor to leave his favorite John in the Athos desert. “I feel sorry for dear John,” said the emperor; - but the salvation of the soul is above all; Let it be according to his wishes. Free John chose a secluded place behind the monastery, built himself a cell and began to live in silence for six days, and on the seventh and on holidays he came to the cathedral and sang in the right choir. Labor and zeal for St. singing were rewarded with heavenly consolation. On Akathist Saturday, at the end of the canon, John, tired from the vigil, fell asleep. The Most Pure One, appearing to him, said: “Be healthy, my child, sing, sing; I won’t leave you,” and then she gave him a ducat. Waking up, John finds the gift of the Most Pure One in his hand and thanks the Mother of God with joyful tears. From that time on, he redoubled his zeal for singing. Previously, he sang only on holidays; Now he began to go and sing every day. Prolonged standing and singing on the choir had the consequence that one of his legs became covered with purulent wounds. The Most Pure One appeared and healed the leg. John achieved so much in his spiritual life that he saw the day of his death. Chervonets, a gift from the Mother of God, was hung on the icon of the Mother of God, before which John sang. Miracles were performed from both the icon and the chervonets. Nowadays the icon stands local in the paraclis of the introduction of the Mother of God into the church and three unquenchable lamps burn in front of it 494. Barsky saw the church of the Archangel in John's cell and described the life of Kukuzel, following the book of Agapius, the Athonite hermit: “Salvation for Sinners” 495. 15 o'clock. The exploits of St. Filiy, Bishop of Tomsk and with him many When Licinius (320) launched a persecution against Christianity that was as cruel as it was cunning, ordering openly that bishops, soldiers and courtiers be brought to trial for disobedience to the pagan state law, and secretly making it known to persecute all Christians 496, in Lesser Scythia Saint Philius, the Bishop of Tomsk, was the first to attract the wrath of the pagan authorities. They took him to court and at the same time they began to arrest Christians in different places in Scythia. They beat the saint with sticks until he was half to death, locked him in prison, again subjected him to inhuman torture, and finally, according to a judicial verdict, they threw him into the sea; His body, having sailed to the shore, was transferred by reverent people to the country house of the pious Amanda, and here it became famous for its miraculous healings 497. On the same third day of January, three brothers Argey, Narkiss and young Markelin, as well as two Eugenes, Claudion and Rod, completed their martyrdom in Tomi. After torture, the brothers were also thrown into the sea 498. On April 3 in Tomy St. was put to death. Evagrius and Benignus. Blessed Amand also followed his beloved teacher: he and several others were martyred on June 6 “in the city of Novidun,” otherwise in the new Dunajec, the glorious city of Scythia Minor 499. Here on June 4, after long torture and imprisonment, the following were beheaded: St. Zotikos, Lucian and Elijah. The latter in the Greek news is called Ηλει, and not Ηλειας: the Greek retained the Slavic name of Elijah, not suspecting that this is the same thing as Elijah. From St. Zotik suffered on the same day - June 4 and in the same place - in the new Dunajec St. Komar, Haddun, Ninit, Julia and up to 30 other sufferers of the 500 faith. – On September 17, three young courtiers, exiled by Licinius to Lesser Scythia 501, immediately completed their feat. Two days before that “in the city of Tomakh” the suffering ended with the glorious death of St. Stratora, Valeria, Macrovia and Gordiana; It's finally October. 1 were crowned with the crown of martyrdom in the volumes of “St. Priscus, Criscent and Evagrius "502. Thus, at Licinium, whole hosts of martyrs for the Holy Faith appeared in Little Scythia, a Slavic country. 16 hours Memory of the holy children of the book. Lyudmila, book. Vyacheslav and etc. Prokopii Blessed Lyudmila, grandmother of St. book Vyacheslav, was the wife of the Christian prince of Bohemia Borivoj 503. – The great enlightener of the Slavs, St. Methodius, the archbishop of Moravia, neighboring Bohemia, taught Borivoya and Lyudmila instructions in the pure, holy faith and washed them with the water of blessed baptism in Velegrad 504. The Prince and Princess of Bohemia were sincere Christians and out of sincere love for St. faith, they used measures to convert subjects to Christianity. The same was the son of their prince. Vratislav. – But paganism still lived among the Bohemian Slavs, and it was especially strong among the neighboring Polabian Slavs; the affairs of German Romanism not only did not bring the local Slavs closer to Christianity, on the contrary, they fueled strong hostility against it 505. In this state of affairs, the struggle between the principles of pagan life and sincere Christianity was inevitable in Bohemia. Prince's wife Vratislava Dragoslava was born a princess of Braniboro-Stoder. - It could not be that in such a deeply Christian family as the family of Prince Borivoy, the wife of a Christian prince was a pagan, not baptized, as the legends of Romanism show Dragomir. But there is no doubt that she was not a sincere Christian, she was proud and evil, and out of pride she valued everything Slavic, including pagan life; hatred of Christianity, brought up in the Polabian Slavs by the cruelties of German missionaries and rulers, appeared in it in the form of distrust and coldness towards Christianity. The two sons of Vratislav and Dragomira, Vyacheslav and Boleslav, were not at all like one another in their dispositions: as much as Vyacheslav resembled his good father in character and deeds, so much so did Boleslav reflect the qualities of the evil Dragomira. Old Princess Lyudmila since the death of her husband, Prince. Borivoja lived in Prague. Vratislav, understanding his wife well, entrusted the upbringing of Vyacheslav to his mother Lyudmila. - Blazh. The princess wanted to see in her grandson, first of all, a sincere Christian. “And Veda and his woman Lyudmila taught Slovenian books in the wake of the priest; and above all reason is good,” says a contemporary. There is no doubt that “Slovenian books” here mean Slavic writings, those that were invented by St. Kirill; The word “book” had this meaning even among Cyril of Turov, especially in the original Church Slavonic language 506. So, modern news means that Lyudmila “gave Vyacheslav to study Slavic letters at the direction of the priest and he learned to understand well” what he read. Vyacheslav responded to the concerns of the kind grandmother, not only with zeal for learning, but also with general behavior worthy of a Christian youth. He was kind, meek, not arrogant, chaste, and he was given the best education for that time. His father sent him to Buduch (Budech). The young man “studied Latin grammar there and learned well 507. “God gave him His grace: he knew how to read Latin books like a good bishop” (there is no need to hide the sin, ordinary bishops knew Latin poorly, although they celebrated Masses in Latin); “If I took Greek or Slavic books, I read them without errors. And not only could he read books, but, fulfilling the requirements of faith, he did good to the poor.” This means that he did not live at all like a young German prince, who perhaps shone with secular education, but lived like a pagan, drank drunk, brawled, and debauched. Prince Vratislav, being of advanced years and feeling the proximity of death, summoned the nobles and the bishop to him and declared his eldest son as his heir; after the Liturgy, he himself brought Vyacheslav to the bishop and said: grant, lord, a blessing to my son and heir, and the saint prayed for the sending down of God's blessing 508. Since Vyacheslav was 18 years old when his father died, his mother Dragomira began to govern the principality on behalf of her son. The ruler soon discovered her character; she brought bad people closer to her, even pagans, of whom there were still many left in the principality. She began to abolish the orders that were introduced by Borivoi and Vratislav to weaken paganism. “Things began to deteriorate. Blessed Lyudmila mourned the misfortune of her homeland. – Out of Christian zeal for the common good, she insisted to Vyacheslav that he himself should take over the administration of the principality. Good Vyacheslav followed his grandmother’s advice and the whole country rejoiced. In order to prevent discord and unrest, Vyacheslav ceded half of the principality to his younger brother; this half, rich and extensive, was later called Boleslavia (Bunzlau). Dragomira, proud and vain, was severely offended by an order that disagreed with her plans; but for the time being she hid her anger, her hatred began to look for means to take revenge on Lyudmila. She poured her anger into Boleslav, nourished and intensified his enmity towards his brother, beloved by Lyudmila. She secretly found a party for herself so that with her help she could safely commit a crime against Lyudmila. Blessed Lyudmila, having accomplished a holy deed for her homeland and her grandson, retired to the city of Techin, especially since she saw the hatred of her daughter-in-law and wanted to be away from evil. Dragomira found her here too. The two boyars she bought came to Techin and here they recruited other thugs for themselves. The blessed one was praying in her home prayer room when the villains burst in. - Do you remember my good deeds? - said the good princess. But the monsters threw a noose around her senile neck. “It’s better to strike me with a sword,” said Lyudmila, “so that my blood may be shed, following the example of the martyrs.” Her soul flew to the heavenly villages of St. 16 days on the Sabbath day, in 927 Miracles were performed at her modest tomb 509. It is not known whether blessed Vyacheslav knew that his mother took part in the murder of the holy woman. A contemporary says that Vyacheslav removed his mother from the court, but adds: “the evil psychos who taught Vyacheslav to give away his mother without guilt.” Who are these evil dogs? What thoughts guided them when they suggested removing Dragomira? the biographer did not say. They think that Dragomira conspired with the zealots of the Slavic people in order to counteract the rapprochement of Vyacheslav with the German emperor and his Romanism - and that the supporters of Romanism managed to remove Dragomira from the court 510. If, according to the suggestions of a restless woman, an insult was inflicted on the emperor’s ambassador, which caused a war, then her action, despite all her patriotism, was not prudent and one could only recognize the biographer’s expression as too harsh; but in vain they draw the conclusion from the biographer’s review that the book. Vyacheslav thought of introducing papism into Bohemia, and even a German one. The praise of the ancient church says about him that he lived “in pure faith,” enlightened by the “reason of good faith” 511. If he finished his fight with the imp. Henry the Fowler by the fact that (in 928) he recognized his dependence on the emperor, this was a consequence of the political weakness of Bohemia before the empire - but after that the government and laws of Bohemia did not become German, but remained Slavic 512. The introduction of Romanism into Bohemia began under Boleslav; and St. As much as Vyacheslav valued the purity of his faith, he loved his homeland. Turning to the biographer’s words about evil dogs, we consider it most likely that the biographer condemned those who removed the mother from her son precisely because they, having exposed her not entirely criminal attitude towards the emperor as criminal, hid her too criminal affair with her deceased mother, while the discovery of the latter matter could have prevented subsequent troubles. Blessed Vyacheslav organized both family affairs and the affairs of Bohemia in a Christian manner. He married off his four sisters. – The neighboring prince of Baurzim Radislav attacked the cities of Vyacheslav with a strong army. Vyacheslav, loving the world, sent to ask Radislav: what prompted him to such actions? If he Vyacheslav is wrong in anything before him, let him say about the wine and satisfaction will be made. Radislav replied that Vyacheslav should cede Bohemia to him. Vyacheslav led a strong army into the field. And yet he did not want to shed the blood of his neighbors. He sent a proposal to Radislav: “the dispute is between the two of us; you want to own Bohemia, but I do not agree to give up. Let the fight between the two of us decide the matter. Why, through a bloody battle of troops, bring things to the point where you, perhaps, will have no one to rule over? Radislav agreed to the duel and the defeated man was forced on his knees to ask for forgiveness from Vyacheslav. When imp. Otto invited all the princes to the Diet in Worms; Vyacheslav appeared after the others, having been delayed on the road by deeds of piety. When Vyacheslav entered the meeting, the German princes expressed displeasure and did not bow; German pomp is true to itself, empty, as well as stupid. “The Emperor received Vyacheslav with special attention and affection; he said that he was ready to fulfill his every request. Blessed Vyacheslav asked for one thing - the relics of the martyr Vitus, and the emperor agreed to the request. Blazh. the prince transferred the relics of the saint to Prague and here he built a church for them in honor of M. Vitus. Then he transferred the relics of St. his grandmother Lyudmila to Prague, to the church of St. George, built by his father. He very carefully guarded the peace of his subjects; he chose officials from the best Christians and strictly ensured that the innocent were not crowded in the courts. Out of zeal for the faith of Christ, he bought children from the pagans and, having baptized them, dedicated them to the service of God. His severity towards himself was reminiscent of the ancient hermits. Often he himself spent the night baking prosphoras and in the morning he himself took them to church for the Holy Liturgy; especially this, and not otherwise, happened when he was preparing to partake of the Holy Mysteries. If he spent the day on the affairs of government, then the night was dedicated to prayer. Often, in bad winter weather, with his faithful old servant Podivoy, he walked barefoot to matins in some distant church. The decrepit Podiva sometimes groaned from the cold. Vyacheslav told him with a smile: “Now it’s winter, old man, follow my footsteps that I laid in the snow.” Sometimes St. Vyacheslav, walking on the frozen and hummocky ground, tore his feet until they bled. “You have been a helper to those in trouble, food to the poor, joy to the sad,” the Church sings to him in the ancient service 513. The prince gathered God's servants - priests - and erected churches in the cities, where services were held every day. His care must include the translation of the Gospel of John into Czech; the remains of the translation are still intact, in terms of language, dating back to his time 514. He translated the Day of Emmeram, to which Vyacheslav was dedicated by his parents 515, into joy about God. Recently, the blessed one himself wanted to transfer control of the principality to his brother in order to devote himself entirely to serving God. But his brother determined a different path for him. "Naustisha and (Boleslav) against his brother." Who is this and for what reasons? The consequences reveal the matter. The advisers demanded from Boleslav that Dragomira be killed as well. Consequently, these were not people who loved the Slavic people. On the other hand, after the death of Vyacheslav, priests were introduced into Bohemia, who had previously not been tolerated in Bohemia. Add to this the fact that at the Diet of Worms the Germans openly expressed their indignation against the prince, a zealot of paternal piety, and Otto’s favor towards Vyacheslav could only increase envy in Boleslav and arouse determination to take the side of German Romanism. So it is more than likely that Boleslav, brought up by evil matter, now acted as much on his passion for power as on the suggestions of the cunning propagandists of German Romanism. On the feast of St. blessed without money Vyacheslav went to Boleslavl and after the Liturgy wanted to return to his home. “But Boleslav unexpectedly became kind to his brother. He begged him with feigned zeal to stay. “Where do you want to go, my brother, when my beer is ready? “The blessed one did not refuse his brother’s request, so as not to offend his love, and did not go home. He had a presentiment of imminent death. “Tomorrow at the morning vigil of the primate of heaven, St. Michael, I will drink the cup of my Lord,” he said that same evening. “But the innocent surrendered himself to the will of God. When there was a knight's fun in his brother's court, one of his devotees secretly told him that his brother wanted to kill him. Blazh. the prince did not want to believe and answered: it cannot be. Many of Boleslav's friends came to the evening feast. At the end of the evening table, Vyacheslav calmly went out and, going to bed, prayed with the usual bows to the ground, for himself and his friends. “At dawn, as soon as I heard the morning bell, I hurried to get out of bed, made the sign of the cross and said: “Glory to You, who showed us the light.” Having washed his face and dressed in modest clothes, he hurried to church. At the gates of the princely court Boleslav caught up with him. Looking around, Vyacheslav said with a smile: “You had a good evening, my brother!” But Boleslav, snatching a sword from under his clothes, said: “I want to make you better than yesterday.” And with these words he hit the blessed one on the head. The prince, strong in strength, did not waver; Having thrown the enemy to the ground, he stood over him with a firm foot and meekly said: “What are you planning against me, my brother?” At that moment one of Boleslav’s accomplices came running and hit Vyacheslav in the hand with a sword; Vyacheslav, seeing the conspiracy, abandoned his brother and ran to the church. The killers caught up with him at the very door and pierced him in the ribs with their swords. On the threshold of the church he breathed his last with the words: “Lord! I commend my soul into Your hands" 516. It was September 28, 935 517 The villains did not stop at killing the prince. They also resorted to violence against his courtiers. Some of them managed to escape death, although not from beatings; but the princely youths were killed; the princely priests - “God's servants” - were robbed and expelled, and their wives were given in marriage to other husbands; the act with married priests meant precisely that, according to the German charter, the life of a priest with a lawful wife was considered unclean and they introduced wifeless priests. – Priest Krasei did not dare to take the saint’s body to Prague, but, having washed it in his house, he laid it in the church and covered it with a thin veil. – Dragomira, hearing about the death of her son, ran and fell on the lifeless body with a cry. But upon learning that she was also doomed to death, she hastened to hide. For three days the prince’s body lay in the church and blood did not stop flowing from his wounds, as if from a living person. When the good and righteous sovereign was buried, the blood, which until then could neither be washed off nor scraped off, disappeared of its own accord into the ground, in the sight of everyone. “We hope in God,” adds the ancient narrator, “that through the prayers and good faith of good Vyacheslav, great miracles will appear.” “Blessed Boris thought about the torment of Saint Nikita and the passion of Saint Vyacheslav the prince” and wished for himself a similar blissful fate, so says the ancient narrator about the suffering death of the saint. princes Boris and Gleb. This shows that under St. Vladimir was read the now famous legend about the murder of St. Vyacheslav and his woman Lyudmila, and even then they honored their memory in the Russian church. Service of St. book Vyacheslav, written for the transfer of relics from Boleslavl to Prague, is known from the menaions of the 12th-14th centuries. “Your holy body, blessed one, accept Prague, day, foretelling the wonders of the world (Pes. 8). The glorious city of Prague rejoices merrily, honoring your memory and miracles illuminating the whole country with light (Song 7). Joyful kindnesses, more glorious than the sun in the land of Boemstse (shining), illuminated by beneficent dawns from above, surpassing Christ forever and ever” (Pes. 8) 518. After the death of St. Vyacheslav Boleslav introduced German priests into the Czech Republic with the Latin service, which they themselves did not understand. In 967, the pope, appointing his first bishop for Prague, wrote: the divine service should be performed “not according to the rites of the Bulgarian or Russian or Slavic language, but according to the statutes of the Roman Church” 519. Especially the second Prague biskup, a Slav by birth (Vojtech) 520, but who was deliberately raised in Magdeburg with the aim of Romanism, fanatically persecuted the Slavic service and introduced Latinism in the Czech Republic 521. And yet Slavic Orthodoxy still held on in the Czech Republic. St. Procopius, the founder of the monastery on the river, especially enlivened it with his exploits and activities. Sazave. The legends of Romanism of the 17th century tried so hard to hide the ascetic of Eastern Orthodoxy from the eyes of people that they did not let anyone know that he was a Bohemian 522 by word or hint. Only in ancient Bohemian news, although brief, is it shown in its exact form. A Sasau monk, who hid his name, wrote: “during the time of Prince Ulrich there was a hermit (eremita), named Procopius, a Bohemian by birth from the village of Khotun, very correctly taught the Slavic letters, once invented by His Holiness Cyril, an excellent priest in the world, who performed a pure life and purely administered the mysteries, and after that, clothed in monastic clothing, he lived unshakably in the faith, alone with one God." This news was included in the chronicle of Cosmas of Prague under 1038 523 Another ancient life of the saint says: “God knows, I am conveying a briefly true story, translated from Slavic into Latin.” Procopius was a Bohemian by birth, the son of noble parents, born in a certain village, usually called Khotish... his famous parents, seeing that the grace of God was shining in the boy, gave him in the city of Velegrad to a teacher of liberal sciences for training, so that while studying he would be instructed in heavenly wisdom - for the science of the Slavic language flourished there at that time" 524 . In the Gradyac manuscript, according to the writing of the early 14th century, but according to the language belonging to an older time, there is a legend about St. Procopius in Czech, in verse. Here it is: Saint Procopius is from a Slavic family, Not far from the Czech Ford; God bred all good things there, His wife was a noblewoman... Procopius from his childhood He kept himself very honestly: And he neglected the vanity of the world. They gave each other advice: To teach him all kinds of reading. Blossomed in the Slavic language 525. Combining ancient and true news, we must imagine the life of St. Procopius in this form: Procopius studied Slavic literacy and so on at his parents’ house. His parents adhered to the rules of faith and life sown in Bohemia by St. Methodius, Moravian Apostle. To improve his knowledge, they sent him to Velegrad, where sciences taught in the native Slavic language then flourished. Having completed his studies, he was ordained a priest and diligently taught those entrusted to him the rules of Orthodox teaching. Then he retired to the desert, where he spent his life, following the example of the eastern hermits. Duke Ulrich, while hunting for animals, unexpectedly found a hermit in a deep forest, in a cave. In a conversation with the duke, the hermit asked the good sovereign to build a church of St. Forerunners. And his request was fulfilled 526. So it was based on r. Sazave is a deserted monastery. Since Ulrich became the sovereign duke in 1012, the foundation of the Sasau monastery did not follow until this year. According to Russian chronicles, Equal-to-the-Apostles Vladimir was on friendly terms with Duke Andrew and even, as some chronicles say, wanted to marry his daughter to him 527. It is clear after this that the Duke, whom Equal-to-the-Apostles Vladimir loved, could not help but rejoice at the wishes of Blessed Procopius, who decided to found an Orthodox, Slavic monastery. With the benefits of the Duke and the efforts of the Rev. The Procopius monastery of Sasau was blooming. Divine services were performed in it, faith was confessed in it, exactly in the form in which the Slavic enlighteners proposed. The Slavic Gospel, written by the hand of St. Procopy - and in Cyrillic letters. The other half of the book is written in Glagolitic letters and the Glagolitic scribe wrote at the end: “and another country of these books - ie about the Russian law; - Holy Father Prokop psalted that psalm with his hand, and then he gave a letter to the Russian - the celestial Karel is the king of Rzim, to his glory that is the monastery" 528. – Another monument of Czech Orthodoxy, the modern Ave. Procopius, has also survived: these are the luminaries of the Lenten and colored triodion, which ended up on the binding of the Apostle of 1059. and the next written no later than 1053 529 Cor. Bryachislav, Ulrich's successor, supported the Slavic monastery with his patronage. But it was not easy to live according to the Orthodox Ave. Procopius. The Pilatniks did everything they could to insult St. Procopius. Approaching death, the saint told his brethren that after three days he would die - at Spitignev they would suffer persecution, but not for long; his successor will love them. - That’s how it was. The saint rested on the third day, April 1. 1053 530 In 1055, the Sasau monks were exposed in front of Spitignev, as if the Slavic writing “introduces heresy” and the Orthodox monks were expelled from the Sasau monastery, placing German priests in it with Latin 531. But cor. Vratislav in 1061 returned the exiles to their monastery. Vratislav begged the pope himself to approve Slavic worship with his own voice. Proud Gregory 8 wrote in 1080: “Your Highness asked that your service be performed in the Slavic language; There is no way we can be favorable to your request. – We are convinced that it was not in vain that God wanted some places of the Holy. The Scriptures were hidden so that it would not be clear or understandable to everyone, so that it would not come into disdain or be misunderstood if poorly understood. It is not excusable that some clergy unquestioningly fulfilled the demands of the people and allowed disorder. The primitive church (of Bohemia) condoned this much; but later, when Christianity became stronger, this was corrected after strict examination. Therefore, despite your unreasonable demand, we command the authority of blessed Peter and for the glory of God to resist vain insolence with all our might.”532 This command of vain romanticism in itself is so unreasonable that it even blasphemes the revelation of God, as if it misleads us; Dad doesn’t want to understand that our arbitrariness leads us into error. That is why Vratislav did not pay attention to the will of the pope; Slavic service continued in the Sasau monastery. – History should notice the pope’s voice; According to the pope, the people of Bohemia, and not just the princes, were a pet and sincere admirer of Orthodoxy, in their best times. All that remains is to pray to the Lord that the eastern light of grace will shine again in the country into which human passions have brought so much darkness and misfortune. 22 o'clock. Death of the Venerable. Kozma the hermit Rev. Kozma the Bulgarian 533 came from a family of boyars of the Bulgarian kings. Just as noble people of Bulgaria of that time certainly studied the Greek language, Kozma also knew both Bulgarian and Greek in his youth. His parents were preparing a bride for him, but he, ardently desiring a virgin and desert life, secretly left them for Athos. Warmly received at the monastery. Zograf, who is still in the 12th century. was called Bulgarian 534, blessed. Kozma remained in this monastery for exploits. He who was obedient to the will of his elders carried out the tasks assigned to him and was clothed in monasticism and became an ecclesiarch. - Heartfelt simplicity was the hallmark of his soul, and this simplicity early opened his spiritual gaze. On the feast of the Annunciation, according to Athonite custom, Kozma was in Vatopedi at the church festival. “To his amazement, he sees, the wife of royal majesty rules in the church and then at the meal. How is this possible? - thinks the embarrassed Kozma, - is there a wife on Athos?... - Why are you so sad? - the elder asks the returning Kozma. Kozma told what he saw in Vatopedi. -What kind of wife was she? - asked the old man. “Unprecedented beauty, unprecedented glory,” says Kozma. – And you didn’t guess who she was? This is the Queen of Athos - Most Holy. Mother of God, “She deigns to rule over us here,” answered the elder. Hearing this, Kozma enthusiastically thanked the Heavenly Queen for deigning to reveal herself to him, simple Kozma. After some time, he was ordained as a hierodeacon and then as a hieromonk. A zealous ascetic, once left alone in the church, prayed to the Mother of God to guide him on the path of salvation. “My son and my God! - he hears a voice, “teach Your servant how to be saved.” “Let him leave the monastery in silence,” says another voice 535. Having learned this will of God about himself, Kozma, with the blessing of the abbot, retired to the neighboring desert and carved out a cave for himself in the rock, to the west of Zograf. Only God knows how Kozma labored there. But the actions of asceticism were also revealed to people. Once two hieromonks came to Kozma from Hilandar to see how the hermit lived. Kozma received them warmly, spoke to them spiritually and upon parting remarked: “break the pumpkin with wine that you hid on the road, there is a snake in it and it has let its poison into the wine.” The Hilandar people were amazed that Kozma knew about the hidden pumpkin, and they were even more amazed when, having broken the pumpkin, they saw that there was definitely a snake in it. They thanked God for saving their lives from death through His beloved servant. They saw in the monk another experience of more extensive insight. On Maundy Thursday he sends his disciple to say in Hilandar: “let the brethren pray for the departed abbot; he fights in the air spaces with evil spirits.” The brethren, having heard about this, said: “We saw the abbot at Matins and after Matins he went to prepare for the celebration of the Liturgy; the old man is in his dreams, although he pretends to be a saint.” But when they arrived at the abbot’s cell, they saw that the abbot had definitely died, suddenly. To the northwest of Evsigmen there is Mount Samari 536. “The monk Damian secluded himself there. The elder gave him a commandment - never stay overnight in someone else's cell. Due to a special need, Damian went to a neighboring brother and, since he was away somewhere at that time, he waited until the evening for his return. Finally, the brother appears and Damian, having completed the task for which he came, hurried to return to his cell. In vain his friend begged him to stay with him for the night and pointed out to him the danger of traveling at night, moreover, traveling in the rain. Damian, faithful to the commandment, left. On the way, he seemed to have lost his way in the dark and did not know where he was going or where he should go. - God! “Save me,” he cried out to God, and after that he found himself near his cell. Amazed by what happened to him, Damian immediately goes to Ave. Kozma and tells about what happened. “Keep, brother, the commandment of the elder, and God will save you from death,” said the reverend. Kozma. Once Rev. Kozma became very ill and wanted to eat fish. He who fed Elijah also sent the hermit Kozma the necessary food. Suddenly, a desert eagle descends to Kozma’s cell and lays down a fish. Kozma thanked the Lord and ordered the fish to be cooked. But when the fish was served, a secret voice said to him: set aside half for the guest. The next day, the neighboring hermit Christopher comes. Kozma kindly accepts him; “Welcome, dear guest,” says Kozma, “I have a treat ready for you,” and serves fish. Then Christopher says with a smile that yesterday he washed the fish he caught and an eagle descended and carried it away and now brought it to you, loving you. Both joyfully thanked God. The dying days were very difficult for the Rev. Kozma. But he was informed by the Lord about the feat awaiting him. Christopher comes to Kozma’s cell and hears that Kozma is talking to someone. Entering the cell and not seeing anyone, Kozma asks: who was he talking to? After some reflection, the monk, out of spiritual friendship for Christopher, reveals to him about the wondrous visit. “Christ visited me,” he says in humble simplicity, “and announced that, according to the secret dispensation of salvation, Satan would attack me with a horde and torment my flesh; this is a sign of my imminent transition to that life; Now leave me, brother, and come see me on such and such a day.” Christopher left sadly. When the appointed day arrived, Christopher came to Kozma and found him half dead. - What's wrong with you? – asked Christopher. “Yesterday in the evening Satan attacked me with a horde,” said the monk, “and roaring with anger shouted at his own: lazy people! fools! They didn’t know how to cope with one. He beat me with furious malice, and you see how he mutilated my body.” The monk did not suffer for long. On the third day after the satanic beatings, he received Holy Communion and, with prayer on his lips, peacefully surrendered his soul to the Lord, September 22, 1323 537 24 hours Memory of St. Stefan, the first-crowned king, his nephew David and son Cor. Vladislav “Holy Simon the Monk,” says the inscription above the ancient image of Stefan Nemanja’s son. The image represents the first-crowned King of Serbia with a huge beard, in monastic clothes, with a black scarf tied under the chin and in a black hood with a flap at the top 538. When the elderly Župan Nemanja decided to devote his last years to prayer and fasting in a monastic monastery, then, before a meeting of the sacred persons and nobles of Serbia, he transferred the rule of Serbia to his eldest son Stefan. “Leave on the throne my beloved son Stefan, the great zhupan and sevastokrator,” - this is what the father himself said 539. Stefan the son became the great zupan in March 1195. During the first time of his reign, he quietly occupied himself with matters of piety 540. But then, despite the fact that, by the will of his father, Stefan was the great zhupan of all Serbia, his younger brother Vulcan wanted to grant his appanage principality, Zeta, complete independence from his brother. The Hungarian king, at his request, sent troops, and Vulcan became an independent prince of Zeta 541. Then Vulkan began to seek to drive his brother from the Serbian throne. He entered into relations with the pope, who then had the forces of the west, and obeyed his orders 542. – The Hungarian king, for his part, made a promise to the pope, in his conviction, to introduce papism in Serbia. The bloody war devastated Serbia. Stefan bravely, but with difficulty, fought off the enemies. They even proclaimed Vulcan king of Serbia 543. Stefan did not neglect the then powerful remedy against enemies. He asked, through his ambassadors, the powerful pope to protect his rights from the violence of Hungary. – The Hungarian king, fearing that he might be humiliated before Stephen for the purposes of Romanism, hastened to ask the pope not to trust Stephen’s obedience. Thus, the plans of the passions entered into a struggle among themselves and opened the way for a clear conscience to reach its goal 544. Pious Stephen understood papism well. He protected himself with other, more reliable measures than the power of an earthly prince. With contrition of heart, he prayed to heaven and his friends for help, he asked his brother, Rev. Savva, to save Serbia, transfer the relics of their reverend father to Serbia. “My brother,” he wrote, “neglected the will of his father and his master, brought foreigners to his fatherland, took it and devastated it, not obeying the commandment of God: honor your father and mother. But we did not trust in our weapons, but in the power of the Lord, the Savior Jesus Christ. And they were not deceived in their hope. Having overthrown them by His power, the Lord returned me to His fatherland. “I ask you, Reverend Father Savva, bring the fragrant relics of the saint.” After your departure, our land became desecrated by our iniquities, drenched in blood, captured by foreigners, our enemies defeated us and - out of mutual hatred, we became a laughing stock for our neighbors. Perhaps, through your holy prayers, your coming to us, the all-merciful God will have mercy on us and will gather into one those who are scattered and will put our opponents to shame” 545. Vulcan, out of Serbian respect for his father, came to meet the relics of St. father; then, having witnessed the miracles of St. father, according to Rev. Savva swore an oath not to disturb his brother in his legal rights anymore 546. Stefan, for his part, helped his brother expel the Westerner Petrislav from Chlum, leaving only Nevesin and Debre 547 for the latter. Brother Vulk soon died; His inheritance Zeta was given by Stefan to his cousin Andrei Miroslavich 548. The son of Vulcan, the pious prince Dimitri, was willingly content with his inheritance, which his uncle had assigned; he built a monastery on the river. Lima in Brodarevo and having accepted monasticism with the name of David, upon death he was honored by the Serbian Church among the saints 549. - So Stefan calmly disposed of the appanages of Serbia, as the supreme ruler of all Serbia 550. After pacifying his domestic enemies, Stephen had to fight foreign enemies. The Bulgarian Tsar Boris and his father-in-law, the Latin Emperor of Constantinople, rebelled against him. They occupied Nis and wanted to take away the cities that had once been Bulgarian and then Greek, and now belonged to Serbia. It was hard for Stefan; the enemies were strong. But for Stefan - his father. “The enemies were horrified by the appearance of the saint, they rushed to run and cut each other down, and finally went home, humiliated and disgraced” 551. The blessed Grand Duke was very good-natured and compassionate. The Bulgarian prince sought the death of Prince Stresa, a relative of the late Bulgarian prince Yasen. Stresa and his loyal retinue sought protection in Serbia. Good Stefan sheltered the fugitive. Prince Boris threateningly demanded the extradition of Stresa. Stefan fraternized with Stresa and gave him the strong castle of Prosek to live in, then transferred several other places that belonged to the empire to his management. “Stresa turned out to be a great scoundrel.” By marrying the illegitimate daughter of a Latin constant. emperor, he soon learned from the knights of the west their dissolute life and, in the hope of his father-in-law, allowed himself to commit all sorts of outrages 552. His consolation was to throw people off the cliff into the stormy Vardar, which was rightly called the predatory river 553. There was no way for anyone to pass by the castle of Stresa - everyone was in danger from the whims of the cruel owner - Stefan more than once sent to Stresa with a reminder of the duty of truth and philanthropy; Stresa didn't care. Finally, Stresa rose up in war against his benefactor and threatened to drive Stephen off the throne. Not heeding the convictions of St. The wicked Sava was struck by the wrath of God: at night, in horror from the ghost, he stabbed himself to death 554. In the same way, the Greek Michael, who captured Drach from Serbia, unexpectedly died. More dangerous was the Hungarian king, who rose up against Stephen, at the instigation of the angry Latin emperor. While the latter was approaching Serbia from the east, the Hungarian king entered Serbia from the north. The unexpected reconciliation between the Hungarian and Stephen forced the Latin to return empty-handed. At the end of these troubles, blessed. Stefan, reverent for the memory of his great father, as an example of an intelligent ruler and man of prayer in the afterlife, described the life of the great župan Stefan Nemanja 555. Since, after the conquest of Constantinople by the Latins (1204), the violence of Romanism became more persistent, and the measures to harm Orthodoxy became wider and stronger, Stephen, to protect the security of Serbia, entered into a marriage alliance (in 1216) with the granddaughter of the Venetian Doge Dandolo. – Dad was afraid of the then strong Venetian republic. Therefore, when the strong relatives of Stefan's wife asked the pope for a royal crown and protection against Hungary for Stephen, the pope in 1217 hastened to send him a crown, and sent the Hungarian king a ban on being called a Serbian king 556. – In order not to be unappreciative of the pope, Stefan assigned the island of Mlet and Babino Pole 557 to the Mljet Benedictine monastery. - The Pope could console himself with the thought that he had acquired a new subject - a king; but the pious son Nemanja, who saw the abominations of the pope’s pets in Constantinople, could not even think about a religious union with the pope; throughout his life he did not seek vain glory; meekness was his distinctive character. “I am a sinner Stefan,” he wrote in his letters. Modern rulers, due to some strange hobby, one before the other hastened to beg the pope for a royal crown, for example. modern prince of Bulgaria 558 ; but blessed Stephen accepted the crown when it was sent by the pope, and did not look for it. In addition, the Serbian people were not pleased with the fact that their Orthodox ruler entered into relations, albeit political, with the hated pope. – So the royal crown sent by the pope to Serbia did not change Serbia’s attitude towards Orthodoxy. When did St. Savva was consecrated archbishop of Serbia, then, after a consultation with representatives of the Serbian land, he crowned his brother with a crown sent from the Greek emperor, anointed him with St. peace and dressed in a royal mantle. – At the same time, the blessed king solemnly confessed that he was a faithful son of the Eastern Orthodox Church 559. Following this, orders were made to limit the arbitrariness of other faiths 560. – The rise of the Serbian ruler aroused envy in the Hungarian king, and his new wedding aroused annoyance in the pope for neglecting his gift. The Hungarian king declared war on Serbia; but through personal relations with St. Sava with the Hungarian, war was rejected by the king 561. The first-crowned king used his power to weaken among the people the customs that disagreed with Christianity. In a letter to the Zhichi monastery, he outlined measures against willful divorces and against the same marriage combinations. On the first subject, he wrote: “if anyone turns out to be a violator of the terrible commandment” and drives his wife away from him, then “6 horses are to be collected from the guilty person in favor of the king and 2 horses in favor of the judge, and 2 oxen from the poor villager, but the marriage remains in force. If a wife leaves her husband of her own free will, the husband punishes her at his own discretion, but if the parents participated in this, “they are punished, depending on their condition.” The first-crowned prohibited combinations in kinship, for example. upon the death of his wife, marry her sister; in order to prevent illegal combinations, he ordered that before marriage one should contact the priest with a request to find out if there is any relationship between those wishing to get married 562. In order to avoid any mistake in well-intentioned orders on church affairs against the decrees of the universal church, he entered into written communication with the enlightened Bulgarian Archbishop Dimitri Khomatin, an expert in church rules 563. The holy king did a lot of good to the churches and monasteries of Orthodoxy: Studenitsa, Miletus, the cathedral in Žić, Sopočany 564, the Kotor monastery of Prevale, where the papists subsequently poisoned 72 monks 565. We are not talking about Hilandar. Not in good health, Blessed Stephen, in his illness, felt the proximity of death and wanted to take tonsure at the hands of St. his brother. Saint Sava, bearing in mind his shallow old age, answered that there would still be time to fulfill his desire. When, following a new call, the ruler appeared to the dying king, the brother-king lay already lifeless. Struck by grief, the saint prayed and Stephen came to life so that his desire would be fulfilled 566; the tonsure was completed and he gave up his spirit to the Lord, Sept. 24, 1224 567 The body of the monk king a year after his death turned out to be incorrupt and he was canonized 568. Of his four sons, three: Rodoslav (from Oct. 1224), Vladislav (from February 1230) and Stefan Urosh, snoring (from 1239), one after another, were crowned kings of Serbia 569. The son, King Vladislav, like his father, is revered among the saints. He had to endure enough anxiety from human weaknesses. His brother Rodoslav, driven crazy by his dissolute Venetian wife, was expelled from Serbia for dissoluteness and Vladislav was declared his successor 570. - But Rodoslav with a letter dated February 4. 1284 announced from Dubrovnik that he was the king of Serbia and hoped to regain the throne, which he had been deprived of by his brother 571. The convictions of Saint Sava forced Rodoslav to accept monasticism 572. As soon as these worries ended, Vladimir, Count of Omysh, with his Omyshans, accustomed to sea robbery, devastated the coastal lands of Serbia. Having dealt with the robbers with weapons, Vladislav obliged the Ragusians with a letter not to help either Vladimir or others like him in actions hostile to Serbia 573. – Taking care of the internal structure of Serbia, King Vladislav found silver mines in his country and enriched Serbia with their development. According to Daniel, “wanting to reach the Heavenly villages, he built beautiful churches on earth and supplied them with gifts (lands) and all sorts of accessories 574; He built from the foundation the Church of the Ascension of the Lord, called Mileshev, to which he transferred the body of the great priest Savva from Ternov. His benefits to the poor, the strange, and the sick are innumerable. Having reigned for 7 years, he passed into eternity with joy in the Lord. His body was laid in his monastery Mileshevo" 575. On the coins it was written: “Christ’s servant Vladislavl and was depicted: a standing king with a crown on his head, in long clothes, girded, with an orb in his hand” 576. In the Mileshevo monastery there is still an image on the wall with the inscription: “finding by the relic of St. Stephen” 577. - In the ancient Serbian charter, under July 30, it is said: “the announcement was made by the relics of King Vladislav, khtitor Mileshevsky, in the days of the multi-red king Uros” 578 . For his compositions, see Review of the Song Singers of the Greek Church, pp. 319–324. Gregory Kukuzele 1390 Joasaphat Kukuzele 1390 see about them in the Review of the Song Singers pp. 321, 324. The highest cover over Mount Athos, St. Petersburg. 1860. Athos Patericon 1.171–178. Barsky's travels pp. 531–533. Αμορτολων σωτηρια s. 50–52. E νετ. 1669. Socrates East. 1, 3. Eusevia East. 2, 8. About the life of Constantine, ch. 1. Sozomena Ist 1, 7. This is the news from Raban the Maurus, where it is said on January 3. in Tomis civitate nativitas Titi episcopi, qui sub Licinio – cæsus ad mortem carcere mancipatus and np. Misspelled name. Martyrology of Bede under January 3. In Tomis natalis. Philii, qui post alia tormenta in mare est mersus. In Jerome's Martyrology there is an incorrect reading: In Tomis – Christianifili episcopi. Must read: christiani Filii episcopi. Unfortunately, this ancient martyrology has not yet been cleared of the mistakes of the scribes, who either combined two words into one, or took the names of cities for the names of martyrs. Let us also note that in vain Leken (Or. chr. 11, 12, 14) and Genshenius point out the similarities of the sufferings of St. Philia with the suffering of modern Theogenes, bishop of Paria (Jan. 2), as something doubtful; on the contrary, this similarity reinforces the accuracy of the news, since each villain has his own manner of tormenting people. Martyrology of Jerome; about brothers and all others; Adon also says that they suffered at Licinia. According to the martyrologies of Adon and Usuard on June 6: civitate Noveduno (Nividuno, Niveduno) sanctorum Amantii et Alexandri; Notker added Lukiy. In Jerome on June 6: Neveduno Amantii, Lucii, Alexandri, Alexandriæ, Donatæ, Peregriæ. In Basil’s menology (on September 13) it is said that Macrovius and Gordian “were exiled to Lesser Scythia” and here “they found Saints Zotikos, Lucian and Ilya courageously struggling for the confession of Christ.” Track. according to the menologist, the suffering of the three Scythians preceded the death of Gordian. From the martyrologies this can be seen with complete clarity. In the martyrologies of Adon and Usuard under June 4: civitate Noveduno sanctorum Zotici, Attali et Evtici. Notker added: cum aliis multis. In Jerome's martyrology: “June 4 in the city. Novedune strad. the death of Zotik, Atgalus, Eutychus, Amas, Karin, Julia, Saturninus, Gaddun, Ninita and others 28.” – In Raban: in Ninive natalis Dinoci (Zotici), Attali, Camari (Amasi), Fyrinæ (Carini), Iuliæ et Saraciæ (Saturnini). Qamar must be recognized as the original. - According to the prologue, Zotik and Ilya - “Protisemeisk Grad”. There was no city with this name in Lesser Scythia; The narrator’s thought was, of course, to only signify the nobility of the city, which was the spiritual homeland of the saints. For the cities of Lesser Scythia, see July 8, pr. 1. According to the menologist, the young courtiers are “Makrovius and Gordian.” In the martyrologies “Sept. 17. Noviduno natalis sanctorum martyrum Valeriani, Macrini et Cordiani (Gordiani). So martyrologies. Unfortunately, the acts of the Danube and Tomsk martyrs have not reached us. The only reason Menologist speaks about the Scythians Zotik, Lucian and Ilya is that their sufferings are in some connection with the sufferings of the courtiers. Apparently, Western martyrologies were more favorable to the Scythian martyrs: they noted the martyrdom of many Scythian Christians, about whom not a word was said by the Greeks. Life of the book Vyacheslav, written in Church Slavonic by a Czech after the death of Vyacheslav, ex. Vostokov in the Moscow Bulletin of 1829. It is also in the Czech translation by Hanki, ed. in Casop. Cesk. Mus. 1830; with few changes - in September. Menaeus Macarius. Vita et passio s. Wenzeslavi martyris, written by order of the Emperor. Otto (973–83) ed. in 1 t. Script, bohemicorum, Prabæ 1783. The Life of Vyacheslav, written by Christan, belongs to the 13th century. See about Methodius Apr. 6 Izv. acad. VIII, 297. Helmold says this about the uprising of the Slavs in the 11th century. “The Slavs overthrew the yoke of slavery with an armed hand and tried to defend their freedom with such firmness that they would rather die than take the name of Christians or pay tribute to the Saxon princes. – This shame was brought on by the unfortunate greed of the Saxons... The Saxons are always more inclined to increase taxes than to win souls for the Lord. “Christianity would have long since strengthened itself in Slavia if the greed of the Saxons had not prevented it.” Chron. 1. § 25. And in the charter of Ban Kulin in 1189 and in others, the book is a letter, a charter. Izv. acad. 1, 346. Ancient text: “Send Vorotislav to Buduch and begin to study Latin books.” Christan: Wenceslaum in lege divina litteris imbucutum tradiderat in civitatem, quae Вudecz vocabatur. – There is already an admixture of interpretations of Romanism here. “And when the boy grew up, he seemed to have lost his hair and called Prince Vyacheslav the Bishop of the Fatherland with the whole choir and sang the liturgy in the church of St. Mary, placing him on the level before the altar, and the bishop blessed him... Prince Vorotislav died and placed Prince Vyacheslav on the grandfather’s table.” Bodyansky, About the time of Slavic writings p. 88. Canon in the menaeum of the 12th century. Izv. acad. V, 276. Cont. Reginon. ar. Perz 1, 616. Annal. Sax. an. 928. In the charter of Heinrich Ptitselov about the Magdeburg tournaments (935), Branim, Prince of Pomerania, and Velemir, Prince of Russia, Belimarus princeps Russiæ, are mentioned. Translation excerpts ed. Safaricom: D. Aeltesten Denkmähler d. böhmischen Sprache, Prag 1840 S. 107 f. Ancient text: “The day of Saint Emram has come, and Saint Vyacheslav is promised to him, rejoicing in God.” In Makarieva it is min. Instead of Emram they wrote: “Abraham.” The amendment was unsuccessful. Emmeran was a French bishop and preached the gospel in Regensburg, where St. was martyred. 22, 652 (Buttler Leben a. Vätern. Märtyrer zu 22 September). The compilers of the Makaryeva Menaion made several other changes to the ancient text of the legend about St. Vyacheslav, as Mr. Bodyansky showed, About the time of the Slavs. letters pp. 77, 80, 81. According to the ancient service, the saint was killed by a “fratricidal hand”, from the “collection of a madman.” Izv. acad. V, 276. Bodyansky, About the time of the Slavs. written note 18. At Vershinsky's St. Vyacheslav was killed in 929, St. Lyudmila - in 922, the prince’s relics were transferred to 932 (pp. 147, 154). All this is wrong. Izv. acad. V, 192, 275, 276. In the prologues of Sept. 28 the murder of St. is remembered. book Vyacheslav, and on March 4 the transfer of the relics from Boleslavl to Prague. Epist. Iohannis papæ ad Boleslarum; Teaching about the Fathers 3, 362. Vojtech, as explained by the ancient biography of him, is consolatio exercitus, the joy of a soldier. In the addition to the life of St. Cyril and in some synaxarions it is said: “then (after the death of Methodius) many summers past, Vojtech came to Morava and the Czechs and the Lyakhs, destroyed the right faith and the Russian (i.e. Slavic) letter from the people, and established the Latin faith and letter and the right faith bishops and priests, cut off, and dispersed others.” – For the life of Vojtech, a corrupt Slav and dreamer killed by the Germans, see Stasyulevich: History of the Middle Ages 11, 571–578. See Hanka's preface to the Sasau Gospel, Prague 1846, Bodyansky, p. 32. Script rer. bohemian 1, 90. Ganki preface to sazav. the gospel. Prague 1846 Bodyansky on the origin of glories. written, approx. page 14 in approx. Safarik also has it there: Wybor z literatury ceske, w Praze 1845. Ganka has another ancient legend, taken from a service book, similar in content to the first news. Buttler Leben d. Väter V. 19 z. 380, 381. Karamz. 1, approx. 468, 479, 486. Hanki Sazav Gospel pp. 187, 188. Lamps in Izv. acad. VI, 171–179; V, 46–51; VII, 217–219. Weiss Leben d. Heiligen V. 19 s. 384, 385. Cosmæ chronicon lib. 1. “They showered them (the Sazavians) with various reproaches, instilling in the prince (Spitignev) various inventions and slander - they said that heresy was introduced by Slavic writing and they were completely spoiled by hypocrisy; therefore it is necessary to drive them out and bring in the Latin abbot and his brothers.” The life of St. Cosmas from Νεον εκλογιον in the Athonite Patericon 1, 258–268. Slavs Zograf's manuscripts - in Grigorovich, pp. 62–73. In the Fan, pp. 327–340. Zografsky Apostle, written “in memory and eternal rest by his parent” under Ts. Alexander 1359 - in Izv. acad. X: 158, 159. See also Oct. 10 o'clock Note from a Devotee of St. mountains page 324. Samari is a saddle and this is the appearance of the mountain. Therefore, this mountain has nothing in common with the river. Samara of the Russian south, as others thought on the contrary. Feedback from a fan of St. mountains p. 300. Letters of the Svyatogorets 2, 166–169. Zap. geogr. total XIII, 147. Another image of him is in Gračanica. Ibid. 236. On coins: first coin. Stefan gives the king a long cross with two bars on the upper end, with the words on the side: rex, with a star on the lower end. Glasnik III, 199–201. In Serblyak the image is not entirely similar to the ancient ones. Khrizovul Hilandar in Grigorovich p. 40. Recording at the Church of St. Stefan, in the Aleksinets district: “raised the church in the days of the blessed Prince Stefan in l. 6707 (1199). “I am Prince Stefan and his brother Vlokm, who applied seven old wines to Morov’s rizi... 53 grapes at Lipovitsa.” Glasnik I, 184. Innocentii epist. lib. 2. er. 176, 178. Letter from Vulcan to the Pope, January 2. 1199 in monum. Slavorum r. 7. Romæ 1863. In 1202, the pope congratulated the Hungarian king on the conquest of Serbia and mentioned that the Hungarian king had transferred his rights to Serbia to Vulcan. Assemani calend. V, 26. The Pope wrote to the Hungarian king in 1204: “We must not forget that the noble Stephen, megalojupan of Serbia, humbly asked us through envoys, so that our legate, appearing in Serbia, would bring it into obedience to the Roman Church (a crafty double meaning!) and give the kingdom his crown. The council and I deigned to accept the request and entrusted the embassy to our most honorable brother, the Albanian bishop (i.e. in exteris). But having learned that this was unpleasant for your lordship, for your love, not without embarrassment, they postponed their intention.” Raynald 1, 190. Only those who do not know the language of the then diplomacy of papism, which deliberately interfered with political politeness and religious ones, can take the pope at his word that Stephen asked to bring Serbia into religious “obedience to the Roman Church.” If the pope had been given a promise of papism by Stephen, he would not have been so courteous to the Hungarian king, he would have sent the crown to Stephen and, under threat of anathema, would have forbidden the Hungarian to be called the king of Serbia. The Hungarian king definitely promised the pope to bring Serbia into obedience to the pope (letter from Zernikava De Spiritu s.r. 957); but on the one hand he saw that the Serbian people were repeating the anathema to the pope, on the other, Andrei’s quarrel with his brother Mirk and the Venetians forced Andrei to worry about himself, and not about the pope. For these reasons, the pope, who had gathered in hopes of the Hungarian king to lay an imperious hand on Serbia, was forced to give up his dreams. Stefan in the life of his father, in Safarik, page 19. St. Savva in the life of Nemanja, by Safarik p. 13. Dometian's life of St. Savva. The fable of the Greek Nikita about Stefan’s attitude towards the Greek woman Evdokia, who used Vulk as an instrument of her anger, is analyzed by Raich II 361, 362. The book of gospel readings, written under Volk, the son of the autocratic Stefan Nemanja, the great Zhupan of Zeta and Pomeranian (Prokhorov Ancient Tetr. II, p. 150–152) was written no later than 1208. Luckari r. 30. Orbini in Glasnik XII 404, 405, 417, 418. Life of St. Stefan Lazarevich: “Valkan is a great prince, gave birth to a son, Zhupan Dimitri, in the monastic rank David was named and light, creating a church at the river. Lima in the place of Brodarevo." Blazh. David was buried next to his father, at the relics of St. Nemanja, in Studenica. Letop. in Glasnik V, 48; X, 264. Image of St. David in Grigorovich pp. 151, 65, 66. Stefan in 1217 was called “Velni Kral, the viceroy of the whole Srbsk land and Dioclia and Dalmatia and Travunie and Khlmsk land.” Companions No. 51. Raich II, 355. Stefan's life of Nemanja, in Safarik pp. 21, 22. This is what the knights of the West did when they took Constantinople: “the holy images were shamelessly trampled. Oh woe! the relics of the holy martyrs were thrown into places of all abomination... The Divine Body and Blood of Christ were spilled and scattered across the earth. Some of them broke precious bowls, hid their decorations in their bosoms, and drank from them as if from glasses.... When they needed to take out of the church sacred vessels, objects of extraordinary art and extreme rarity, silver and gold, with which the pulpits, pulpits, and gates were lined, they brought mules and horses with saddles into the vestibules.... Some woman, sitting on patriarchal throne, sang indecent songs and jumped around breaking... Could those who did not spare God Himself spare the wives, daughters and virgins dedicated to God?... Anyone who contradicted them in any way or refused was threatened with a knife”... Nikita Choniates in the history of the book. Chapter 1 6. See Stasyulevich Average. century III 608, 609. The Western pilgrim calls the Vardar fluvius rapax - a predatory river, since the flow of its waters is stormy, aquae cursu rapido (Wilgelmus Tyrius ap. Murator. Italic. 2, 287). Nikephoros Briannius: “The Vardar flows from the mountains of Mucia and, passing through Scupy, runs between Strumnitsa and Stipium, cutting through the mountains” (Hist. 4, 18). Timarion about Vardar: “this is the most turbulent of the rivers of Macedonia; begins in the Bulgarian mountains." The scholiast on the history of Kantakouzenos 2, 25 wrote: “the river Axios, now called Vardar, or better, Bystritsa.” Thilo de Thessalonica r. 293, 288. Dometian's Life of St. Savva; Stefan in the life of Nemanja pp. 22, 23. Nikon, l. 2, 281. A special legend about Stresa-Croesus, with an admixture of fiction, is in Glasnik VIII, 144–146. Akropolitan r. 21. Ed. Safarik in Monuments. Andr. Dandolo in Chron. ad an. 1216. Assemani Calend. VI, 43. In 1220, Stephen, in a letter to P. Honorius, sent with Bishop Methodius, calls himself rex coronatus; track. then he already wore a royal crown. He asked the Pope: benedictio et confirmatio Dei et vestra sit, si placet, super coronam. It is clear that Methodius did not go to the pope for the crown, but with polite gratitude for the crown. Raynaldus ad an. 1220, no. 37. Ed. Avramovic in Serbian monuments, Belgrade 1840 No. 51. About the time of Majkov pp. 19, 20, 219. The Benedictine monastery on Mljet existed since 1155 Farlati Illyria VI, 79. See the Orthodox Interlocutor on the attitude of the popes to the Bulgarian church, 1865, pp. 86–119. Chronicle (Safarik in Monuments p. 69): “with the light of all he crowns the brother of his great zhupan.” Dometian. Akathist of Serblyak: “Rejoice, glorious charms to the winner.... Rejoice, destroyer of the evil machinations of other faiths.” Sl. Jan. 12. Ave. 25. Dometian's Life of St. Savva. Mikloschich Monumenta serbica, Viennae 1858. The Žič charter was published before (by Safarik - Lesekörner, Pest 1833), but not in its exact form. About her in Izv. acad. I, 346; VII 206, 207. In the Bavarian Greek manuscript cod. 45 questions from Stephen the King of Serbia and answers from Dimitri Khomatin, numbering 13. “Ktitor of this holy place,” says the inscription in the Sopochan monastery. in the image of the first-crowned. Zap. Geogr. total XIII, 147. Certificates to the monasteries: Studenich, Miletus and Zhich in Miklosic: Monumenta Serbica. Viennae 1858. Popova Travel to Montenegro 72, 73. St. Petersburg. 1847. According to the chronicle, St. Savva’s first journey to the east goes “through Herzegovina, preaching to people the way of salvation, even to Kotor.” Glasnik V, 40. More Nemanja “Who left, established and took over his courtyard as before,” says the first-crowned. Tsar Dushan in 1451, confirming the privileges given to the Kotorians by his ancestors, protected with security “the monastery of St. George with all its belongings.” – Miklosch. Monum. serb. No. 130. Rajic II 366, 367 said that St. Savva mourned the unexpected death of his brother because Stefan had not appointed a successor to the throne. But the first-crowned, even in the Zhich charter, called Rodoslav “the firstborn, by the grace of God his governor.” Dometian's Life of St. Savva. According to the chronicle: “in l. 6722 (1224) the first-crowned King Stephen died.” Glasnik I, 165. Dometian. The body of Saint Stephen-Simon was first laid in Studenica, near the relics of his father. King Urosh 3 placed the relics in Sopocany. After the death of Stefan Lazarevich, during the invasion of the Turks, they were hidden in the ground. In 1629, after the appearance of St. king were open and then, sharing the fate of their poor people, moved from one place to another, until in 1839 they returned to Studenica. Synaxarion of Serblyak l. 12, 13. Glasnik V, 42–44. Zap. geogr. total XIII, 149. Life of St. Stefan Lazarevich: “The first-crowned Stefan gave birth to 4 sons: Rodoslav, Vladislav, Stefan, Predslav; Stefan was named Urosh after his great-grandfather and this snoring thief.” The latter was also called Dragoslav (Letop. in Glasnik I, 165. Raich II, 387). The Serbian octoich of Uvarov, written under the rule of Stefan Urosh (Izv. Acad. I 248, 249) should be dated back to 1237–1270. Under the same Urosh, a nomocanon with complete rules and interpretations was translated in 1252 (Grigorovich 182, 183), which then passed to Russia. Chronicle about Urosha. in Glasnik V: 49, 50. Letop. in the Archives of Yugoslavia. III, 1854 p. 11. Dometian. Avramovich Monuments No. 2, 3. Dometian; letop. in Glasnik V, 45. Avramovich Monuments No. 8. About Vladimir Count of Omysh Appendini Noticie Storico-critice sulla antichita dei Ragusci T. I, 280. In Glasnik VII, 328 they indicate the church of St. Stephen in the White Field, built by cor. Vladislav. Sl. Zap. geogr. total XIII, 314. In 1242 cor. Vladislav gave land to the monastery of St. Nicholas Vranino and also the Mother of God Monastery in Bystritsa (Miklosch. Monum. No. 32, 34). Rodoslav in Rajic II, 378–386. Reasons for the idea that Vladislav was alive during cor. Uroshe I, cited by Maykov (pp. 223–225) is not very solid. According to the chronicle, “Vladislav, the husband in the fortress, dies, leaving no sons, but only two daughters.” Glasnik V, 48. Charters 1235, 1239 from Safarik in Memory. 2, 12–14. Chronicle 2, 51 “live godly and pious life.” – The latest charter of Vladislav Vraninsky 6750 (1242) in Miklosic No. 32. The expulsion of Rodoslav from Serbia must be dated back to January 1234, and February. 4, 1234, he wrote a protest against his brother from Ragusa. So, Vladislav ruled Serbia for eight years from 1234 to 1242. Daniel counts 7 years from the fact that until Rodoslav accepted monasticism, he was still called king. Glasnik III, 203–206. In the letters, Vladislav was written as follows: “Stephen Vladislav, with the help of God, stole all the Russian lands and Dioclitia and Dalmatia and Herbalism and Zahlmie” - Avramovich Memory. No. 7. Ts. Alexey Mikh. with a charter in 1653, he allowed the Mileshev monastery to send 4 monks to Russia to collect alms after 4 years. Certificate in North archive for 1823, part 5, page 25. Zap. geogr. total XIII, 314. Glasnik X, 352. On the wall of the Rylsk church is depicted “St. Vladislav the Serbian king.” Grigorovich p. 151.