Аббатство

An abbey is a religious institution or monastery under the authority of an abbot or abbess. Abbeys were generally of two kinds: royal abbeys, founded and endowed by the kings, as a result of which they accounted for the management of their material properties to the king's officials, and episcopal abbeys, which were directly under the command of bishops. Their jurisdiction was at first limited exclusively to the lands and buildings in their possession; but subsequently they greatly expanded their power, governing even cities, issuing coins and acting as judicial institutions. In England, for example, abbeys, numbering up to 190, owned lands that before the Reformation were valued at 2,850,000 pounds sterling, but under Henry VII they were closed and their property was confiscated. A similar fate befell French abbeys during the revolution of 1789. Despite the destruction of monasticism during the Reformation, “abbeys” were preserved in places in Protestant countries. So in England the famous “Westminster Abbey”, although it received a completely different purpose - as a tomb of famous people, and in Germany Lokkum Abbey, where the abbot is now the famous theologian - writer Ulgori, author of the works: “The History of Christian Charity” (Russian translation published by A.P. Lopukhin 1900), “The Struggle of Christianity against Paganism”, etc. Strange A relic of Latinism in this abbey is the ancient custom of investiture by the abbot through the presentation of a staff and miter.