Глава VI

Jer. 6:1. Blow the trumpet, like an evil speaker (ἐκκέκυφεν) 63. Look how he gives them time for repentance: (evil) peeked out from somewhere (διέκοψέποθεν), a few only appear, and have not come in such a way as to lead to despair, but also not in the distance so as to make them more careless; (it) is indicated in the middle between presence and absence; evil seemed to be fully revealed. However, it is up to you to remove all this; it's in your power. Jer. 6:2. And your height will be taken away. Why? Because he used it badly: beauty for fornication, height for vanity. That is, “beautiful and tender” (ωραία καὶ τρυφερά) 64. She calls her beautiful because of the law, the priesthood, and other things; she calls her “tender” because, thanks to God’s help, she is always better than her enemies. Jer. 6:3. Shepherds will come to her. This is a sign of devastation; It was also fulfilled under the apostles. It is natural to classify the surrounding areas as churches, since there are tabernacles and sheep pens set up everywhere in the universe. Jer. 6:4. Get ready for battle, rise up and go to battle at noon. Look what God does to instill fear in them, when he brings in the words of enemies, as if they were present and motivating each other. Although there will be no war at noon, this shows that they will attack not secretly, not covertly, but openly, which serves as evidence of their great courage. Jer. 6:4. Woe to us, for the day has departed. For those under siege, any time is especially scary and suspicious, and even more so at night. During the day you can stand, and consult, and move, and see what is happening; and when night comes, the war becomes double. Instead of saying: woe to us, because we have angered God, they mourn the time of punishment. Jer. 6:5. Rise up and let us ascend to this night. Chrysostom (or Olympiodor). Names the unknown time of enemy attack at night and noon. Jer. 6:4. Get up and let's go up to the nude about noon. Jer. 6:4. Woe to us, for we have bowed down (βεβλημένη) 65th day. They say this as being caught by enemies all day and being unable to escape when night falls. Jer. 6:5. Rise up and let us ascend this night and scatter its foundations. Conveys the words of enemies. Therefore, the inhabitants were afraid of the onset of night. Jer. 6:6. Plant (ἐκκόψατε) 66 of its trees. Like in some forest; make it, he says, deserted; as in a grove you uproot a tree, (i.e.) barren, cruel people; At the same time, it shows the strength of the enemies. Jer. 6:6. O deceitful city, all violence is in it. Do you see the reason why you are lying? because there is violence in him, and he is all deceitful, not that one part of him is healthy and the other is corrupt, but he is all deceitful. If you want to see worship, then (you will find that) instead of the true God they have placed stone idols. If you need to examine everything related to life, then here too you will see a lot of lies: untruths in relationships with each other, in what concerns the truth; spoiled (διεφθάρη), all deceitful. It cannot be said that they departed (only) from the Lord, but in mutual relations some were fair and philanthropic; but he was completely deceitful. That is, make an embankment 67 to it and station an army. Jer. 6:7. Iniquity and dirty tricks will be heard in it. Speaks of strong corruption. They committed evil with great zeal, as if it were something good and good; they tried so hard, as if they were afraid of not perishing if they lacked any kind of evil. Jer. 6:7. Above her face (αὐτῆς) 68 always. Look how he portrays shamelessness. Before my face (μοῦ) 69, (i.e.), boldly, brazenly, always, not temporarily, but permanently. Look how serious the accusation is without justifying the punishment. Instead of saying: just as a well contains water, so a city is evil and does not make any change. Jer. 6:8. You will be punished with weakness and ulcers. An incurable wound that has no healing or change, like the fate of the Sodomites and Goromites. So, the punishment is not for the past, but for the future, apparently punishment for the past - in order, apparently, so that they do not remain with the same (sins). Jer. 6:9. Pick it up, pick it up. Again the punishment increases, again (increases) fear. I don’t spare, he says, even the leftovers. However, above (Jer. 5:10) he said: leave the supports of Israel, for they are the Lord's. And here again: rob, rob. Often contradictory for her benefit, rousing them from negligence and driving away despair. Jer. 6:9. Turn to your treasure chest like a plunderer. That is, put the leftovers at home. Jer. 6:10. To whom shall I speak and testify? The prophet does not know to whom to speak. Some are poor, while others have broken the yoke. Jer. 6:10. This word of the Lord came to them as reproach. That is, since I am not bringing disaster soon, they reject me as someone who is telling a lie. Jer. 6:10. Behold, their ears were not circumcised. What kind of ear cutting does it mean? We know the foreskin. Let a Jew speak here who no longer wants to listen to what has been said, who has reached the point of (extreme) evil, who does not want to see the truth. Let him hear this also with the first: circumcise the foreskin of your heart (Deut. 10:16). Here you can hear their accusation, because it speaks of uncircumcised ears. And when you hear Stephen’s reproof: do not circumcise the heart and the rock, resist the Holy Spirit (Acts 7:51), then know that Jeremiah said this before. And after a few words (continues). So what is this circumcision? Pay attention to what they say. Since it interferes with our hearing, then destroy, he says, the uncleanness, wash it away, and there is no need to remove it (υφερεῖν). Do you see how circumcision is beneficial? Does not allow 71 to remain in the body. So are sacrifices, so is the church, so are holidays, so is leisure (ή ἀργ ί α); these are images of some other (objects) and symbols. The word of the Lord came to them as reproach. Like pigs trampling pearls with their feet; indeed piety is abominable to sinners. Jer. 6:11. And my rage was fulfilled and endured. So that they know that they are not punished not because they have not sinned, but because God is long-suffering, listen to what he says: he fulfilled my wrath and endured. To intimidate, he uses human words. Jer. 6:11. I will pour out on the babes from without and on the congregation. Look for a strong (way of) presentation. I will pour out, he says, so as not to pour out. This also applies to the first age, which can touch animals. Are you not grieved by your own misfortunes? Come to your senses due to the suffering of others. And when the body is dissected, the most insensitive members arouse in us the greatest feeling. Jer. 6:11. The husband and wife will be born, the old man with the fulfilled... Neither gray hair, nor marriage, nor anything else will help them then. Jer. 6:12. And their houses will pass to others. He says this because he knows (we have) a great attachment to what is ours, since even when we retire we sigh if we see that houses, fields and wives go to others. Jer. 6:12. I will stretch out my hand. Do you see the war beginning from above? Is the battle igniting from there? (Do you see) the sky at war with them? Have you heard (about enemies) from the north and despised them as fellow slaves? Now listen to what (Himself) has to stretch out his hand. Jer. 6:13. From the least and even to the greatest, the lawless one has committed everything. Pointed out great evil. The fathers, although they did evil, nevertheless wanted their children to be virtuous. But here it’s the other way around: they rejected nature itself, did not show the love of their fathers. So be it; you yourself desire pleasure, anger and malice; Why are you pushing even a child onto this cliff? Jer. 6:14. And the purpose is erasure. Again, the bosses themselves are the perpetrators of evil; I think that this word does not belong to subordinates, but has meaning for us, the bosses. It applies to those who do what they please, say what they like, and think of healing a wound, but (in fact) they poisoned the ulcer. Jer. 6:14. And where is the world? He didn’t say: there is no peace, but where is there? Look at the leniency. And now I do not refuse denunciations: show in practice what you promised. I am afraid that even now it would not be appropriate to say: where is the world? Is it not (peace) when by the grace of God all the actions of the infidels are destroyed, when we have received pious leaders, when we have houses of prayer and think that we enjoy peace? This is not the peace befitting the Church, since the apostles, not having any of this, had perfect peace, which God left them. Peace, he says, I leave with you, My peace I give to you (John 14:27). Jer. 6:15. I'm ashamed of myself, as it were. How ashamed were you? That is, it was not words, but deeds that served as evidence. They were exposed by the events themselves. If there was no war, then it was the beginning. And at the same time they did not make any concession. Do you see that a bad soul does not need signs? Therefore he says: they will fall by their fall. Jer. 6:16. Moan on the tracks. Pay attention to free, not forced (service to God) - to how (He) wants us to serve not for His sake, but for us. Gives (them) a choice of path. You see which is the path of good things. All (paths) carefully, he says, study; Study mine and not mine (path); do not choose Mine, but (choose) what is good and you will find that it is completely Mine. If I were looking for Mine, I would say that this is completely Mine (the path); and now (I speak) not just about Mine, but also what is useful for you. And you see and ask about the eternal paths of the Lord: and you see which is the good way, and walk in it. (In these words) expresses the following: become the best and prove who is truly Lord from all eternity; and let the test come from works. Precisely in the words: the eternal paths of the Lord (indicate) the works of God, perfect from eternity, the law laid down in creation. Having experienced this, move away from idols and serve God. However, they did not listen to the admonitions. I'm not saying that you did the test for that amount of time. But why now, after such a time, do I allow testing and choice? And you will find purification for your souls. (Indicates) two great benefits that cannot be equaled by any other: peace not only for the body, but also for the soul: when it is calm, nothing can harm the body, and when it is disturbed, nothing can give peace to the body. Jer. 6:17. And I will set guards (that is, prophets) over you. Hear the voice of the trumpet: and the cry: we will not listen. That is, the prophets predicted disaster and did not want to believe. (The Prophet) speaks as if: they do not listen at all, because they do not accept the admonitions of the wombs (predictions) of disasters and are not admonished by the invasion of enemies. He calls the prophets watchmen and trumpets. Why is this so? Because they foresee the future and proclaim it with a loud voice. Jer. 6:18. For this reason, I heard the tongues. This constitutes a certain prophecy: when they lived, the Jews did not listen to (them); and when we have died, we listen, not only separated by place, but also separated by a large expanse of time. Prophets were sent to some and attracted others to whom they were not sent. They were so useful, so necessary, that they were listened to by those who had nothing to do with them. They were given to you, but you did not heed; and others listened to them. You see: when they don’t listen, he turns his speech to the elements. Since they said: We will not listen, he says: Hear the earth. He does not bring evil upon them before they attract it to themselves. Jer. 6:19. Se az. As if you didn’t listen to my words. Look: everywhere they are punished not only for not obeying the law, but also for not listening. What expense, what kind of bodily labor is required to listen. Jer. 6:20. Do you bring me this censer from Sava (φέρεις) 72 and cinnamon from a distant land? He wants to say that I do not need offerings, there is no need for labor, but only a disposition towards goodness. And Sava is an Indian country. Since he said that they rejected My law, so that they would not object: how did we reject the law, making sacrifices every day and burning incense? He says to this: perhaps you will say that you are bringing incense; (I will answer this): I am not looking for gifts, but (looking for) spiritual fragrance; This is the only pleasant fragrance for Me. God smells not a substance, not a sensual fragrance, but a mental, spiritual one; the most pleasant incense is the soul of the bearer. Jer. 6:21. I will give this disease to people. To make it clear that their illness is not of physical origin, it indicates (as) an extraordinary phenomenon, that the illness was sent by God, which serves as a sign of contagiousness, instilled fear in the words of the previous threat. They didn't give in. He sent a prophet of condolences, but they did not feel it. Finally, he frightens in a different way and induces illness in order to prevent a greater evil - war. Jer. 6:22. These people are coming from the north. Then he says about the one coming from the north that he has no mercy and will not give up before anything. When God wages war, then people do not know human feelings. Just as it is impossible to make animals meek, so, he says, he incites to war those who by nature may be inclined (toward peace). But someone might say: why didn’t He destroy them Himself, but brought others? Because we also do this to those whom we want to punish, so that they will suffer shame when (enduring) disasters: it is no small sorrow to suffer this from others, as (and we do) when we give a free child (for punishment) to a slave. Jer. 6:23. It is painful to eat and will not have mercy. Look how he portrays them as armed and merciless. Jer. 6:24. I heard his hearing, and became weak. This is both on behalf of the prophet and from those themselves: prophetically depicts the echoing voices. Jer. 6:25. Don't go to the fields. Here he speaks of a siege. See how, after a short time and imperceptibly, it brings disaster. Jer. 6:26. The daughters of my people, gird yourself with sackcloth. Why? Due to upcoming disasters. Then he again points out the reasons for the misfortunes. This is what he always does, at the same time defending himself and at the same time confirming what was said. Jer. 6:27. I gave you the tempter among skilled people. He speaks of the extraordinary nature of corruption, because even the siege did not make them better. Here, he says, I leave you to experience them at a time when even those who were completely insensitive can become much better. There is not one who, no matter how hard he is, does not soften due to fear. God speaks to the prophet, denouncing their malice, so that he does not appear to be unfairly condemning them. Jer. 6:28. All are disobedient and walk obstinately: copper and iron. He likened them to copper and iron, showing their hardness and constancy in sin. The obstinates of their path, following not in a straight direction. The Lord is right (Ps. 91:16) and His ways are right. What does it mean: like copper and iron? Constancy, immutability of anger. And in another place he says: your forehead is copper (Is. 48:4). Just as he does not soften his evil, like molten copper, because he has perverted ways, and walks obstinately in the fire and in the smelting furnace, so during punishment they do not forget their evil behavior. Jer. 6:28. As copper and iron are all corrupted. Just as those (metals) are destroyed by time due to rust, so these too have completely lost the spirit of piety over time. Jer. 6:29. The fur is scarce from the fire, the tin has decayed, the forger forges silver in vain. Instead of: forges in Hebrew (text): cleanses. He outlined their corruption through an example. He says that tin serves as a purifying agent for silver, and when added, makes it hard, (and) any foreign substance mixed in is removed. (So, he says) that every thought was destroyed in them: they neither listened to the prophets, nor were they brought to their senses by punishments, nor did they become better from other things. Their deceit will not fade away. The comparison continues. Just as silver, he says, containing a lot of copper, even if a lot of tin was added to it, remains unclean, mixed with copper, so these are not freed from corruption. Jer. 6:30. The silver is rejected. That is, not accepting corrections, counterfeit, not legally minted, not accepted in the royal treasury; although it has a royal image and writing, it is useless for anything, because its very substance is spoiled. So they also have an image of godliness, but have denied powers (2 Tim. 3:5). Or closer to the meaning of ch. ἐκκ ό πτω - “evil looked out, appeared,” that is, trouble. These words, referring to the daughter of Zion, are not found in the ancients - Vatican. and Alexander. sp., as in Slav. Bible; but they are in Marshallian. sp., in the translations of Aquila and Theodotion, as well as Heb. text. Βεβλημένη instead of the Greek translation usually read in the lists κέκλινεν. Εκκόφατε instead of ἐκκ ό φον settlers in Slavs. B.; the first is in Marshallian. sp. and ev. T.; second in ancient times Vatican. and some other sp. translation of 70. Of course, to the city (Jerusalem). Here the interpreter deviates from the Greek text, changing αὐτῆς into μοῦ, as read by the blessed one. Theodoret, Jerome and in Heb. text. See above named. interpretation by I. S. Yakimov. This probably means uncircumcised. What will not be allowed to remain is omitted from the text. Φερεις, instead of the Greek usually read in lists. translation, and according to them in the Slavs. B., bring it.