Глава 25

Jer.25:1. The word came to Jeremiah upon all the people of Judah, in the fourth year of Joachim the son of Joshin, King of Judah: that was the first year of Nebuchadnezzar, King of Babylon. In this year, Nebuchadnezzar, taking up arms against Jerusalem, took some captive, and, having imposed tribute on others, returned. The Prophet will say something from what he said then. Jer.25:3. In the third and tenth year of Josiah, the son of Amoz, King of Judah, and even to this day, this twenty-third year, the word of the Lord came to me, and the words rose up unto you in the morning: and ye heard not. He mentioned many years, thereby proving God’s long-suffering, namely, that God tolerated the disobedient for so long. For God Himself says through his mouth: I have sent My servants the Prophets to you; urged you to leave the path of destruction and follow another path that leads to life; and if you do this, he promised you good things, but you did not listen and preferred serving idols. And denouncing the intention with which they persisted, he added: Jer.25:7. To tempt Me to wrath by putting your hand to harm you; because, irritating Me, you dared to do this, although the fruit of this had long ago caused harm. For this reason, says God, with Nebuchadnezzar and the kings subject to him, I will gather against you and against your neighbors, from whom you learned idolatry, and I will completely desolate your and their land, depriving them of all joy. For joy is characterized by: (Jer. 25:10) “the voice of the groom and the voice of the bride,” the sound of the mill, “and the light of the lamp.” Desolation is determined by the time of seventy years. For he said that after seventy years, the king of Babylon himself and his subjects would be punished for wickedness and lawlessness, and they would confirm all the prophecies of Jeremiah. Therefore, the Prophet is commanded to immediately take (Jer. 25:15) “a cup of undissolved wine from the hand” of the Lord, and give all nations a drink, “to them I,” says God, “will send you.” Jer.25:16. And they will drink, and vomit, and wield the sword, and I will send it among them. The cup of “undissolved wine” refers to just punishment. So the divine David said that “the cup in the hand of the Lord is not dissolved, full of dissolution” (Ps. 74:9). And with the words: “they will drink and vomit”, the Prophet means satiety, and with the word: “they will overwhelm”, he makes clear the severity of the punishment. Then he describes that he gave water to Jerusalem and the cities subject to him with kings and princes, and explains what is signified by the cup. Jer.25:18. For I should put it in desolation and in failure, and in destruction, and in damnation, like this day, those. this time. Saying: “into non-passage” means desolation; and in the word: “whistle” makes it possible to see the amazement of those looking at it, because when we see a change for the worse, we have the custom of whistling. A curse naturally follows; because others used to express themselves this way: you too should suffer what so-and-so suffered! The Prophet adds that he gave drink to Pharaoh, the king of Egypt, and the leaders of the regions, and all his subjects, along with the natives and settlers; for he calls them (Jer. 25:20) “mixers.” And through this he makes it clear that the Jews who escaped will fall under the same calamities. He also says that he gave drink to the kings of the Chaldeans, all of Arabia, “and all the kings of the land of Us,” and so he called Idumea; and this is revealed more clearly by the Prophet himself in subsequent words. For he says that he gave drink to “the kings of the foreigners,” and the Moabites, and the Ammonites, and the Tirians, and the Sidonians, (Jer. 25:23) and “Dedan, and Teman”; and these are the cities of Arabia, as we showed in the interpretation of other Prophets; also the Persian people Vuz 13, “everyone who has been shorn according to his face,” means the Saracens. Jer.25:24. And all the kings of Arabia, and all the kings of “the mercenaries who dwell in the desert,” (Jer. 25:25) “and all the kings of Zimri.” In the Hebrew text and the Syriac translation we found Zemvran, and this is the son of Keturah; and these nations inhabited the wilderness. “And all the kings of Elam” (this is the Persian people) “and all the kings” of Mede “and of Persia” (Jer. 25:26) “and all the kings” from “the east, the far and the near, every one to his brother”, i.e. they will be punished by each other for wickedness. “And all the kingdoms of the earth; and King Sheshach will drink of their residue.” By this name, I think, the king of Babylon was named: because those mentioned before also drank to him; and the Prophet says that he will drink soon after the last; for after the punishment that others suffered for him, he himself suffered punishment. After this, the Prophet threatens those who do not want to drink the cup that they will drink it against their will. For he says: (Jer.25:29). I will begin from the city, in which “My name is named,” and from it “I will begin to become embittered. And you will be purified by purification, and you will not be purified, that is, I betray this excommunicated city; and will you escape punishment? This is not possible. Jeremiah 25:30. And you spoke against them all these words, and said to them: “The Lord will reward judgment from on high: He will give His voice from His holy one.” This is how God expressed both, and that He pronounces His judgment from heaven; and that He manifests His presence in the church dedicated to Him. “The Word will prophesy” from His place, and He knows how those who trample the winepress “answer against all those who sit on the earth.” The Prophet calls the answer the matter itself; because the word of God is followed by action. “Destruction has come” (Jer. 25:31) “on part of the earth, as judgment among the nations of the Lord: He will be judged against all flesh: but wickedness was given over to the sword, says the Lord.” Again He shows His ineffable goodness. For he did not say: he will condemn all flesh, but “to have judgment with all flesh.” He points out His good deeds and denounces the ingratitude of those who receive them. In the following words he speaks about the disasters that happen in time of war, and that the killed will remain unburied (Jer. 25:33) and “there will be pus on the earth.” (Jer.25:34). “Shout, O shepherds, and cry, and mourn, O rams of the sheep, for your days are fulfilled for slaughter”, and your waste, and “you will fall like the rams of choice” (Jer. 25:35) “and flight will be lost from the shepherds, and salvation from the rams of the sheep.” He called kings shepherds, subjects - sheep, and princes - rams. And he threatens everyone with flight and resettlement. He also predicts the crying of kings and princes. (Jer.25:37). The blessings of the world fell silent in the face of the fury of the “wrath of the Lord.” The blessings of the world: agriculture, gardening, trade, works of art, fulfillment of contracts, marriages, meetings, holidays, entertainment, and all the like. At seventy and according to the Slavic translation “Ros”.