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Rev. Benedict of Nursia Rev. Benedict is known to the Greek Church from his biography, compiled by P. Zechariah on the basis of “the life of St. Benedict”, written by Gregory Dvoeslov - from the words of 4 disciples of the monk, one of whom, Honoratus, was still alive when the book was written, in 593. Benedict was born around 480 in the town of Nursia - in Umbria (in Italy). Sent by his parents to be raised in Rome, he was outraged, seeing the depraved life of not only his comrades, but even his teachers, and in the 16th year he left the world and hid in a cave - in the desert area of ​​Subiaco (where the villas of Claudius and Nero had previously been); Here he spent three years in a difficult struggle, but his love for the thought of God in undisturbed solitude overcame in him the thoughts of peace that always dominated the soul of the young man. All the ardor of the young soul was poured out in asceticism, and the Lord crowned with victory the labors and love of those who aspired to Him with all their feelings and thoughts. In his solitude, he received food from the only person who knew about his whereabouts - the hermit Roman; but, later discovered, by the will of God, by shepherds, Benedict became known to many others, especially after God glorified him with the gift of miracles. The monks of the neighboring monastery wished to have an ascetic of God as their abbot; but he did not want to accept leadership over them, since at that time the lifestyle in the Italian monasteries was rather dissolute, and he foresaw that his strict rules would not please the brethren. And so it turned out. When he, at the insistence of the monks, agreed to be their abbot and began to introduce strict regulations, they rebelled against him, and among them there were those who attempted to poison Benedict. But the Lord preserved him, and this incident only served to testify to the wonderful, mysterious action of the sign of the cross, all-powerful to protect the believer from all evil... When a cup of poisoned drink was served to the monk during dinner, he had barely made the usual sign of the cross before eating when the cup broke apart, as if from a strong blow, the drink spilled, and Benedict recognized the malice of his enemies and his miraculous salvation by the power of the Honorable Life-Giving Cross... Then he decided to leave evil and returned to his cave. But from then on it became difficult for him to be completely alone. Many who came to him even decided to form monasteries near him, and thus 12 of them arose, in each of which 12 monks settled; but even here - by the severity of his life and his decrees, the ascetic aroused enmity towards himself... And from here he left... And having reached Campania in 528, in the south. Italy, stopped on Mount Cassino, destroyed the Apollo Grove that was located here, where people still made sacrifices in front of idol churches, enlightened many of the local inhabitants with the light of the Christian religion and founded a new monastery - in the name of John the Baptist - which later became famous under the name of Monte Cassinsky, at the foot of Mount Cassino. on the left bank of the Liris River. Benedict wrote a charter for this monastery, which was subsequently adopted in many monasteries in the West. When establishing the rules of monastic life, he was guided by the regulations for the eastern monasteries of Cassian the Roman, but he moderated their severity, applying it to the weak development of monasticism in the West. Nevertheless, Benedict's charter prescribed renunciation of property, unconditional obedience and constant work. The elder monks were also required to teach children and rewrite manuscripts. This last decree turned out to be very beneficial later, since it contributed to the preservation from destruction of many ancient monuments in times of ignorance. In general, and later, the Benedictines did a lot for the Church through their work on the writings of the first times of Christianity. Rev. Benedict is revered as the main founder of monasticism in the West. Monasteries of the Benedictine Order quickly spread throughout the West. He wisely governed his spiritual flock; he showed an example of monastic asceticism, was gifted and exalted by God with the power of miracles and enjoyed great fame, which attracted many visitors to him; even the leader of the barbarians, Totilla, wanted to see him, but the elder fearlessly denounced him, during a meeting, for his cruel course of action and shrewdly predicted the time of his death, which came true with accuracy. The monk also foresaw his death in advance and, having prepared himself by communion of the Holy Mysteries, peacefully and joyfully departed to the Lord in 543 and was buried in the monastery of St. John the Baptist. † Presentation of blessings. Grand Duke Rostislav. Mikhail Mstislavich The son of the holy father, the great Mstislav, and the grandson of the pious Monomakh, Prince Rostislav, baptized Michael, is recorded in the ancient calendar with the name of the holy prince 139. In his youth he was distinguished by his feats of courage in battle. During the struggle, his brother led him. book Izyaslav with the Olgovichs and Yuri, in many cases he showed fearless courage, but together he tried to extinguish the enmity of the princes with compliant love 140. Having received Smolensk as an inheritance (in 1127), he tried with all his heart to ensure the happiness of his subjects, aroused and nourished piety in them. Stone church in honor of St. book Boris and Gleb, built (1145) on the site of the latter’s martyrdom, in Smyadyn, and in Smolensk Petropavlovsky are monuments to the pious ancestor of the Smolensk princes. The Peter and Paul Church, despite all the upheavals of time, especially terrible for Smolensk in 1612 and 1812, has survived to this day without damage 141. Especially the opening of the episcopal see in Smolensk (1137) at the new Church of the Virgin Mary required many difficult donations from Prince Rostislav. His surviving letter shows with what dispositions and with what donations the prince opened the department in Smolensk. “God, the Most Holy Theotokos and the prayers of my father, wrote the pious prince, blessed, and after consulting with my people, I installed a bishop in Smolensk. This happened by the will of my holy father, who wanted to do this during his lifetime. There has never been a bishopric here before. But I, unworthy and sinful, in my reign, which God and the prayer of my father gave me, establish a bishopric and means so that the bishop and his clergy can live. So I give the Holy Mother of God and the bishop tithes from all the Smolensk tributes, which also includes the true kuna, with the exception of sales, vira and public collection.” Then it is shown how much tribute went from this or that place to the prince, and a tenth share is determined for the bishop; – the total cost for the bishop was 178 hryvnia or pounds of silver. “And now I also give to the Holy Mother of God and the bishop,” the prince continues, in Toropets a tithe of the fish that come to me; and in general, whatever tribute there is in the Smolensk region, small or large, give tithes to the Holy Mother of God without any excuse.” Pointing to two more villages with their inhabitants and to the lands granted to the department, the prince says: “And I also give eight drops of wax from my courtyard for the consecration of the Holy Mother of God... This is my zeal for the Holy Mother of God! By command of my holy father, I give whatever I could. No one can judge episcopal lawsuits; they are judged by the bishop himself. The first litigation is divorce; another, if someone lives with two wives; third, if they marry illegally; fourth, if someone kidnaps the girl; for this, whatever the prince takes, half of it goes to the bishop; fifth, if they kidnap a woman, for which the bishop will be penalized; sixth, poison with potions and murder; – seventh, if two women fight; osmaya if a church person is guilty of anything; ninth, if one of the church people is killed, no evil will be done to the church. I am Prince Rostislav with Bishop Manuel, since Smolensk was entrusted to me by God, through the prayer of my grandfather and father, I established a bishopric and am decreeing the rules. If there is a lawsuit or an episcopal sale, neither the prince, nor the mayor, nor the tiun or anyone else in the entire Smolensk region will care. By the grace of God and the prayers of the Mother of God, the tributes are now full, and in the future whatever God will arrange. If, by God's dispensation, any tribute becomes scarce, either due to war or for any other reason; whatever tribute comes out, a tenth of that will be given to the Holy Mother of God. Let no one change this after me, neither the prince nor the people... If someone, out of passion, classifies this bishopric again as the Pereyaslav bishopric and, breaking the word of the holy Russian Metropolitan Michael, destroys the Smolensk bishopric: then the prince will take back what he appointed for the bishop of the Holy Mother of God, since then the will of my father Mstislav Russian Metropolitan Michael will be violated.” The charter was given in September 1150 142. Give glory to the Lord your God before it even gets dark (Jeremiah 13:16), teaches the prophet of God. Blazh. book Rostislav acted according to the teachings of the revelation of God; For earthly happiness he thanked the Lord and used earthly blessings for the glory of the name of God; for him, first of all and above all, was the glory of God. In 1154 he was called to the great reign of Kiev. When Uncle Vyacheslav died, he distributed all his property to God-pleasing institutions; “having called his father’s husbands, tiuns, key holders, he ordered them to bring all of Vyacheslav’s estate - clothes, gold, silver, and began to distribute to monasteries, churches, prisons and the poor”; He left himself one cross of the deceased from the inheritance. - “Having lost the Kyiv throne in the same year and almost losing his life in battle, he returned to Smolensk 143. In 1158, the princes again called him to the great reign, and the people of Kiev (1159) received him with delight. His first task was now to conclude an alliance of love with the Chernigov prince Svyatoslav, who had been hostile to him from a young age. Prince Andrey of Suzdal expelled his son from Novgorod, and Rostislav bore the insult generously. – The evil prince Izyaslav Danilovich with the predatory Polovtsians ravaged southern Russia here and there, and finally broke into Kyiv; good Rostislav retired to Vyshgorod; the enemy pursued Rostislav here too, but found himself dead; Rostislav did not take revenge on his unfaithful allies. With the same generosity, he forgave Mstislav Volynsky, who had insulted him more than once with his self-will. Remaining with full respect for the patriarch, he forced the Council of Constantinople to make it a rule not to send a metropolitan to Russia beyond her wishes. Caring for the common good, he persuaded all the princes to promote safe trade between the Russians and Greece 144. In 1168, despite his old age, he went to Novgorod to establish his son Svyatoslav there. On the road, the Smolensk ambassadors met him 300 miles from Smolensk; then residents of all classes accepted him with gifts: this is how they loved the virtuous old prince in Smolensk. In Velikie Luki, he took an oath from the Novgorod ambassadors to forget displeasure against his son, him, and to be separated from him by one death. He arrived sick on his way back to Smolensk. His sister and son persuaded him to stay in Smolensk in order to be buried in the church he created. “Take me to Kyiv,” he answered; If I die on the road, put me in my father’s monastery near St. Theodora; if God heals me, through the prayers of His Most Pure Mother and St. Theodosius, I will take monastic vows at the Pechersk Monastery.” Prince Rostislav, surrounded by happiness, was not captivated by anything earthly. He never sought power, but only accepted it when it was handed to him, and, moreover, as a burden. His kindness forgave everything to others; he remembered his sins, his debts to God and forgot about what others owed him. He was constantly concerned about how to please the Lord. He often said to the Pechersk abbot, especially after the death of Svyatoslav of Chernigov: “prepare a cell for me, I’m afraid of an unexpected death.” During Great Lent, on Saturdays and Sundays, he invited the abbot to his meal with 12 selected elders and talked with them about spiritual salvation; and on every Sunday of Lent the Holy Mysteries were received. He really wanted to escape the bustle of life to the Pechersk monastery, and he repeatedly told the Pechersk abbot about this. The abbot stopped him, pointing out that the prince’s job was to protect the peace of people with justice and the sword, and finally invited him to submit himself to the will of God. The blessed prince died on the way to Kyiv, with a quiet prayer on his lips. “Now let Your servant go, O Master, in peace,” these were his last words, and tears stopped on his frozen face. The righteous man rested on March 14, 1168. His body was buried in the Kiev Feodorovsky Monastery on the 27th of 145. “Walk,” the life of the righteous prince tells us in conclusion, “walk according to the calling to which you have been called, with all humility, meekness and generosity, bearing with one another out of love” (Eph. 4:1-2). † Memory bliss. Theognostus, Metropolitan of Kyiv “And star differs from star in dignity,” says St. The Apostle, explaining the difference between the saints (1 Cor. 15:41). And the Blessed Saint Theognostus was not what his predecessor, the great and humble Saint Peter, was; Neither was his successor, Saint Alexis, marvelous in the spirit of faith. And yet he is also among the stars of heaven, in the ranks of the saints who pleased the Lord with their deeds. Blessed Theognostus, a Greek by birth, was ordained Metropolitan of Russia in 1328 and then arrived in Kyiv, and from here to Vladimir and Moscow. The election of Moscow to the place of the metropolitan see was not an easy matter for the saint, and yet it was beneficial for Russia in terms of its consequences. The blessed saint was attentive to the will of God about Moscow, expressed by his predecessor. He decided to live “in the courtyard of St. Peter.” It was unpleasant for other princes that the “city of Moscow,” then new and very insignificant in number of inhabitants, was honored with such great distinction that “the metropolitan,” the high priest of Russia, “lives in it.” The princes found this all the more unpleasant because the presence of the head of the Russian clergy in Moscow, as they foresaw, would result in the elevation of the Prince of Moscow above all the princes. The princes made Blessed Theognostus feel their displeasure; but he followed the will of God throughout his reign, followed so much that in all cases he was a firm assistant to the Prince of Moscow. Thus, the blessed saint was the initial and strong figure in the introduction of autocracy in Russia, which greatly exalted Russia. This alone already gives him high significance for the Russian Church 146. In 1330, the famous Murza Chet arrived from the horde in Moscow and, at his request, was baptized with the name Zacharias. This is the ancestor of the Godunovs and Saburovs. Could the high priest not rejoice at this? Having consecrated Bishop Anthony for Rostov in place of the deceased Prokhor, Theognost set off from Moscow to inspect his vast flock. And first of all, he was in Novgorod 147. Here he had to show the first experience of the saint’s power over the conscience of people. Prince Alexander Mikhailovich Tverskoy, having killed the murderer of his father, Prince Yuri, in the horde, was forced to hastily hide from the horde to Tver and then to Pskov. The people of Pskov received him with love. Khan Uzbek urgently demanded that Alexander appear before the horde for trial. Even Alexander's brothers, the princes of Tver, united with the Grand Duke Ivan Danilovich in order to force Alexander to carry out the will of the khan: Uzbek did not think of exterminating the princes and entire regions of Russia on the whim of pride alone 148. From Novgorod, Saint Moses and the mayor went to Pskov to convince the Pskovites and the prince to submit to the will of the khan. Alexander was ready to join the horde; but the Pskovites declared that they were ready to shed blood for him and for their rights. The Grand Duke moved his troops to Pskov. Before deciding the matter with a bloody sword, they decided to test a spiritual remedy. At the insistence of the Grand Duke, the High Hierarch of Russia sent a ban to Pskov for disobedience to the will of the khan, which threatened disaster for all of Russia. “Friends Pskovites! said the unfortunate prince, do not let spiritual excommunication weigh on you; I’m leaving your city,” and retired to Lithuania. Pskov humbled himself before the Grand Duke, and the Metropolitan gave a blessing to Pskov 149. Through Smolensk and Chernigov, Theognost arrived from Pskov to Volyn. Here he was to stay for some time as a consolation to Orthodoxy, which was greatly oppressed by Roman propaganda. From here he sent word to Novgorod, so that Vasily, who had been elected archbishop, would appear for consecration. The Pskovites sent an ambassador to the metropolitan with a request to dedicate a special bishop Arseny to them. The request of the Pskovites was supported by the Grand Duke of Lithuania Gediminas, with whom Pskov entered into contact through Prince Alexander. The Novgorodians strongly disliked Pskov's desire, essentially because Pskov, with a special bishop, would have enjoyed ecclesiastical independence from Novgorod, and at the same time would have acquired civil independence from Novgorod. Meanwhile, the Pskov See could be very beneficial for the affairs of St. Faith. The Pskov archpastor, due to its proximity to pagan Lithuania, could use strong measures in good time to spread the Holy Spirit. Faith between the Lithuanians and thus could soften Lithuania's enmity against Russia. Unfortunately, Pskov’s recent disobedience to the Grand Duke and Metropolitan did not allow him to see a bright future in Pskov’s desires. – And the Metropolitan consecrated (1331) in Vladimir of Volyn Vasily as Archbishop of Novgorod and Pskov 150. Here Bishop Theodore 151 was dedicated to them for Tver. Having visited Przemysl, Kholm and Galich, the high priest settled for a while in Kyiv in order to somewhat organize the ancient metropolis, which had suffered so many troubles from the Mongols and partly from Lithuania. The ambassadors of the Grand Duke of Moscow arrived here to ask for his blessing to build a monastery near the palace of the Grand Duke. The Metropolitan lovingly gave the blessing, and soon a stone church of the Savior was built on the forest, between the dwellings of the Grand Duke and the Metropolitan, and the Spassky Monastery was founded 152. From southern Russia Theognost went to Constantinople and the horde. He was in Constantinople to resolve the perplexities raised during the review of the dioceses; It was probably then that he proposed to the cathedral the miracles of St. Peter and received written permission from the patriarch to celebrate his memory. He was in the horde in order to obtain approval for the rights and advantages granted to the Church by the khans 153. Upon his return to Moscow, the saint consecrated (1333) the Church of the Archangel Michael in the Kremlin, the future tomb of the princes of the Moscow family 154. Then the daughter of Gedimina was baptized in Moscow and, with the name of Anastasia, was married to the son of the Grand Duke Simeon. This marriage alliance, very useful for the Grand Duke of Moscow, in all likelihood was the result of the wise advice of Theognostus and his personal relations with Gediminas 155. The blessed saint also used his assistance to reconcile the Grand Duke with Novgorod, after the prince for a long time did not agree to reconcile with the proud free city 156. Having consecrated Bishop Gabriel for Rostov, the high priest confirmed (1336) the unfortunate Prince of Tver Alexander in the good intention of going to the horde, with submission to the khan. - And the prince, with the blessing of the saint, happily returned to Tver, confirmed beyond expectation in the rights to reign in Tver. Unfortunately, the saint was unable to extinguish the enmity of the Moscow prince against Prince Alexander, and he prayed in Vladimir for the repose of the murdered Prince of Tverskoy, and the next year (1340) he buried his rival, Prince Ivan Danilovich 157. It was a troubled time in Rus' at that time due to the struggle of private interests. – The Metropolitan was in Bryansk in winter. Under him, sedition arose against Prince Gleb Svyatoslavich. In vain Theognost persuaded the seditious Bryants; they did not listen and killed the prince 158. The high priest was happier in the humility of the new Grand Duke Simeon with Novgorod, who refused to pay tribute to the Grand Duke. Simeon sent a large army against Novgorod; The Metropolitan arrived with the Grand Duke in Torzhok. Novgorod was frightened and sent the archbishop to the metropolitan and grand duke. Through the metropolitan, peace was concluded, which was not difficult for Novgorod. Then the high priest visited Novgorod 159. In 1342, the Grand Duke and the appanage princes went to the horde to the new Khan Janibek, who ascended the throne after killing two brothers. Then it was necessary to appear before the new khan and metropolitan. The Grand Duke soon returned to Moscow. But the Metropolitan was detained in the horde. Fanatics of Islamism were held in high esteem at Janibek's court; they inspired Janibek that the metropolitan and his clergy receive huge incomes and pay nothing to the khan - and for the glory of Mohammedanism it is necessary that Christians be only slaves; therefore they suggested that the khan insistently demand that the metropolitan pay tribute for himself and the clergy. - When such a demand of the khan was announced to the metropolitan, Theognost replied: “This should not be according to the labels of the khans; The Russian clergy prays for the peace of society and for the prosperity of the khan, and for this is free from any tribute - this is what the charters of the khans say.” – Admirers of Mohammed saw the justice of the answer and were afraid to violate the basic statutes of the Mongolian government. They decided to achieve their goal, the humiliation of Christianity, without insulting the statutes of the government. If the metropolitan, they thought, be that as it may, he himself renounces his previous advantages; it will be his business, and they are right before their civil law. Therefore, they turned to violence against the metropolitan, trying to force him to renounce his previous rights by force; they tormented him and subjected him to torture. But blessed Theognost endured everything and did not agree to betray St. Church . He distributed rich gifts to the Tatar nobles, up to 600 rubles in total, and achieved what he wanted. He was released to Russia with the same license 160. He even received the following label from his wife Dzhanibekova. “According to Dzhanibekov’s word, Taidulino’s word to the Horde ulus princes, etc. From ancient times to this day, the so-called Bogomolets and the entire priestly rank do not pay any duty; as they pray to God for us and offer prayers for our tribe. Remembering this, the king granted Metropolitan Theognost a gift and gave him a label with a scarlet tamga (seal). And we, without changing the ancient labels, give Metropolitan Theognostus a letter with a target. Since he sat down in Vladimir, he has been praying for Tsar Janibek and offering prayers for our children. Therefore, do not demand from him and his people duties, no carts, no feed, no temporary collection and no honor; not to touch our lands, waters, vegetable gardens, mills and everything church; do no violence, no pretension, and do not take anything away. If they stop somewhere, do not take anything from them; such is our will. If anyone commits any violence or comes up with a tax, he will die. You, Metropolitan Theognostus, have the opportunity to announce this mercy of ours. If you touch vegetable gardens, vineyards, waters and land that are not yours and allow yourself any untruth; You know yourself that if you answer to God, it’s a sin on you. Offer up a prayer to God for us. For approval, we gave a letter of hare summer (horse summer 1342) at 8 o'clock in the month. aram, in Sarai, where the horde roamed" 161. Such a feat and with such consequences was a great service of Blessed Theognostus for the Church, and the Church was grateful to the saint, recognizing his feat as “suffering for the Russian Church” 162. Soon after returning from the horde, the saint was distressed by a terrible fire that devastated Moscow and destroyed up to 18 churches. This disaster was all the more painful because the fire of 1343 was already the fourth under Blessed Theognostus, and meanwhile so many expenses were made in the horde. And yet, the zealous archpastor the very next year instructed Greek artists to resume icon painting in his cathedral church, and the renewal was completed that same year 163. After the death of Gediminas, bloody quarrels arose in Lithuania between his sons; Evnutius was forced to flee Lithuania and came to Moscow; The pagan prince, favorably received by the Grand Duke, was baptized by the Metropolitan with the name John. Then the Archbishop of Novgorod came to the Metropolitan with rich gifts, and the High Hierarch honored Blessed Basil with cross vestments 164. On the occasion of the appointment of a special metropolitan for southern Russia, Blessed Theognostus had to experience anxiety and trouble. After a consultation with the Grand Duke, ambassadors were sent to Constantinople, and the saint’s concerns were not fruitless. The Council of Constantinople in 1347 determined to destroy the previous definition of a special southern metropolitan and honored Theognostus with the title of “venerable metropolitan and exarch of all Russia” 165. Delighted by this decision of the Council of Constantinople, Blessed Theognostus went to Volhynia the following year (1348). Following his return to Moscow, the Volyn prince Lyubart Gediminovich, baptized Theodore, sent to the Grand Duke of Moscow to ask for the hand of the Grand Duke's niece, the daughter of the Rostov prince Boris, and the niece was willingly married to Lubart, zealous for the Holy Faith. Then Olgerd, the Grand Duke of Lithuania, sent ambassadors to Moscow with a similar request, asking for the hand of Princess Uliana, a relative of the Grand Duke and daughter of the murdered Prince of Tver Alexander. Olgerd was a bad Christian: a year before, to please the pagan priests, he tortured three Christians in Vilna. Therefore, the Grand Duke doubted that his relative should marry him and asked the Metropolitan for advice. High Priest, having. in view of the beneficial consequences of this marriage, both for the state, and especially for the success of the Holy Faith in pagan Lithuania, he gave (1349) a blessing for the marriage 166. Weakened by years and labors, Blessed Theognostus was seriously ill at the end of 1350. The following year, a pestilence broke out in Russia; in 1352 it raged in a terrifying manner, leaving not a single living person in some places. The elderly saint went through a difficult year, preparing for death. Blessed Theognost, “the mentor of all Russia, the great mentor,” as the chronicles call him, reposed on March 11, 1353 and was buried in the cathedral church on March 14 167. His relics were found incorrupt in 1471, and in 1474 a deaf-mute man was healed over his tomb. His relics rest hidden, close to the relics of St. Peter in the Assumption Cathedral 168. Celebration of the Feodorovskaya Icon of the Mother of God The Feodorovskaya Icon of the Mother of God is especially memorable for us because in her presence in 1613, Martha Ioannovna blessed her young son Mikhail Feodorovich to the Russian throne, shocked by the impostors and Poles, and her son expressed his consent to accept the royal helm of rule. In such troubled times as those before the accession of Mikhail Feodorovich, his mother for a long time did not agree to the high calling of her son, and he himself was afraid and shied away from this calling. Mother and son were also afraid that with their agreement they would not betray Filaret Nikitich to the vengeance of the Poles, who had him captive. The circumstances of Mikhail Feodorovich's accession to the throne with the assistance of the Mother of God, whose protection is entrusted to Orthodox Russia, are touchingly depicted in the letter to Mikhail Feodorovich and his mother, in Kostroma, about the calling of Mikhail Feodorovich to the All-Russian throne. “To bless the blessed Empress Marfa Ioannovna and the blessed Sovereign Mikhail Feodorovich, so that she would bless him for the Muscovite kingdom, they sent to Kostroma from the sacred rank - Theodoret, Archbishop of Ryazan and Murom, Archimandrite Avramius of the Miracle Monastery, Archimandrite Joseph of the Savior Monastery and the Trinity-Sergius Monastery cellarer Avramy Palitsyn, and the rectors of the Moscow Cathedrals of the Annunciation and Arkhangelsk; from the royal sigklit they elected and sent the bolyarin Feodor Ioannovich Sheremetev, and with him okolnichi, captains, nobles, boyar children, atamans, Cossacks and many people of all ranks. The embassy was released with icons of the Petrine Mother of God and the great Moscow wonderworkers Peter, Alexy and Jonah. The embassy, ​​one field short of reaching Kostroma, stopped. The next day, March 14, Archbishop Theodoret with other clergy, accompanied by all the ranks who came from the capital, arrived at the cathedral church of Kostroma, served a prayer service and, taking the local miraculous image of the Theodore Mother of God, went to the Ipatiev monastery, in which Martha Ioannovna and Mikhail Feodorovich were. Mikhail Feodorovich and his mother celebrated the solemn procession of the cross for St. the gates of the monastery. Having prayed to the Lord God and the Most Pure Mother of God, they venerated the miraculous icons with tears, received a blessing from the bishop sent from the reigning city and, having been asked, entered the cathedral monastery church of the Life-Giving Trinity with a procession of the cross. Here the mother and son were presented with a prayerful scripture from the entire sacred council, and from the boyars, and from the entire army and from the Christ-named people of the Russian powers, so that the empress would bless her son Mikhail Feodorovich as Tsar and Sovereign of the Moscow State and over the other states of the Russian powers, and so that the blessed Great Sovereign Mikhail Feodorovich would not despise the petition. For a long time they begged Martha Ioannovna to give a blessing; At first she was adamant, cried and said: “As many former kings have been cursed by the people; and have known foreign lands and foreign lands; my child, being young, is perplexed to manage the reduction of human evils: I pray you, do not deprive me of my only begotten child.” After lengthy and vain persuasion to persuade Martha Ioannovna to the desires of the fatherland, the archbishop accepted the miraculous Theodore Icon of the Most Holy Theodore into his hands. Theotokos, and the Trinity Sergius cellarer Abraham image of St. Moscow wonderworkers Peter, Alexy and Jonah are offered to St. icons to the old woman, and in a firm voice they tell Martha Ioannovna and Mikhail Feodorovich: “Why is the most pure and miraculous icon of the Most Holy. Did the Mother of God and the great saints of Christ walk with us? If you do not bow to mercy for our sake, at least for the sake of the miraculous image of the Queen of all and the Mother of God, and for the sake of the great saints, do not disobey and do what is commanded to you from God; for truly you are chosen from God. Don’t anger everyone, the Lord and God.” Marfa Ioannovna could no longer resist Russia's wishes. Shedding tears of tenderness before the image of the Most Pure Mother of God, the mother takes her son and betrays him to the protection of the heavenly Intercessor. “Behold You, Most Pure Mother of God,” she says, into Your most pure hands, Lady, I commend my child, according to Your will, arrange what is useful for him and for all Orthodox Christianity.” Mikhail asked his mother not to agree, but she answered: “This is God’s work, not human, I don’t dare resist.” Mikhail cried, everyone was silent. He prostrated himself before the icon of the Mother of God and said: “God, Your will is, I am Your servant, if this is the will of God. May it be so,” and, having accepted the petition and blessing, the life-giving cross was placed on the neck and chest, the royal rod was in the right hand, he sat down on the royal throne and was named by God, the chosen blessed Great Sovereign Tsar and Grand Duke, Autocrat of All Russia in the church of the Ipatiev Monastery, by the will of God and the Moscow State of all ranks. Thus, with the help of the Mother of God in 1613, on March 14, the election of Mikhail Feodorovich to the All-Russian Kingdom took place. On this day there was great joy in Kostroma; They established a holiday in honor of the Theotokos, Theodore icons, in memory of this election. The Feodorovskaya icon, so famous in our national history, is decorated with a gold frame, weighing more than half a pound, with diamonds, yachts, emeralds, rubies and other precious stones. Every year there are religious processions with her on the day of Pentecost to the Ipatievsky Monastery, and on August 16 to the Spaso-Zaprudensky Church. The Feodorovskaya icon attracts many pilgrims from everywhere. Every day from morning to evening, eyewitnesses say, zealous people flock to her and worship her (see about her on August 16). RKP. description of the saints of Kiev: “the holy, blessed, great prince Rostislav Mstislavich reposed in the year 6674 of March on the 14th day.” Pogodina research. VI, 141. V, 300. Mixed. about the monastery and churches 496. 501. Statistics materials, p. 31. St. Petersburg. 1831 Additional to the source act. 1 Al· 4. About the construction of the church of the muses. Blush. 38. Collection l. II, 75–77. III, 11. 1, 146–148. VI. 60–63. Collection l. II, 81–86. VII. 72–76. Collection l. II, 86–95. V. 161. 162. VII, 79–80. Step. book 1, 312. 313. Nikoi, l. 3, 139. 140. Collection. l. V, 218. III, 224. Nikon. l. 3, 140. Collection. l. V, 218. About the Couple of Genealogies. book in time X. They were killed by him: in 1318 St. K. Mikhail, in 1325 his son K. Dimitri, in 1339 another son Alexander, together with his son Theodore; in 1325, Prince Alexander of Novosilsky, in 1327, Prince of Ryazan Ivan Yaroslavich, in 1330, Prince of Starodub Theodore. In 1334, Uzbek ordered the Russian princes to go with Tovlubiy to devastate the Smolensk principality just because the Smolensk prince had made peace with the Bryansk prince, although before that he had complained about him. Collection l. IV, 51. 185. 186. III, 74. V, 218. Nikon. l. III, 151–154. Lviv. l. 2, 86–88. Collection l. III, 75. 76. V, 52. VII, 219. Nikon. l. 3, 157–259. Collection l. III, 77. IV, 53. V,' 220. Russian. times 1, 169. They wrote: no earlier than 1332 he came to Moscow; there he soon consecrated the church of St. much Eustathius Placida". The sources say that the church of the Archangel Michael was consecrated, in memory of St. Eustathius Placida, and this was September 20, 1333. Nikon. l. 3, 160. Collected l. V, 220. IV, 53. Nikon. l. 3, 161. 181. Karamz. 4, pr. 292. Lviv. l. 2. 91. 92. Nikon. l. 3, 163. 164. 169. 171. Russian. times 1, 171. Lvov. l. 2, 93–95. Nikoi, l. 3, 172. Collection. l. V, 222. Russian. times 1, 172. Collection l. V, 222. 223. III, 79–81. Karamz. 4, pr. 332. Step. book 1. 442–444. Collection l. III, 82. IV, 57. V, 224. Nikoi, l. 3, 178. 179. Russian. times 1, 173. If the chronicle says: “Chanibek Azbekovich - create many benefits for the Russian land” (Nik. l.2:209), then this benefit was not a consequence of his favor towards Christianity, but was allowed because he was busy with the war with Persia. On the coins they called it: “the glory of faith,” that is, Mohammedanism. Zap. archaeol. total XII. 16–18. 185–188. Grigorieva about labels, pp. 122. 123. 80. 90. 91. 94. Lvov. l. 8, 107–109. In the prologue under March 14, “the suffering of Metropolitan Theognost” only describes the suffering under Janibek. – It is more than likely that the custom of some schismatics to cut off the top of their heads, which they consider to be a shrine, owes its origin to a too simple desire. The white clergy then cut the top of their heads. “The laity who lived on the lands of the clergy, in order to be free from the violence of the Baskaks, also began to cut off the top of their heads. Others began to imitate them not out of pure conscience. Now the question is: what is the meaning of the schismatic custom of cutting the top of the head today? None! Nikon. l. 3, 186. Zh. m. Prosv. 1847 July, pp. 138–140. Nikon. l. 3, 191. 192. Collection. l. V, 226. Lvov. l. 2, 117. Collection l. IV, 62. V, 228. Nikon. l. 3, 201. Step. book 1, 144. Russian. Time 1, 178. Lvov. 2, 118. 119. Collection l. IV, 150. VI, 195. Prologue March 14. According to Russian Time 2 123, “The Metropolitan laid Theognosta in the Church of St. Apostle Peter, on the same wall with Metropolitan Peter the Wonderworker, on top of the bridge” (next not in the ground) “and covered it with bricks.” Lviv. letop. 3, 37. 38. According to the RCP. Saints “St. Theognostus Metropolitan reposed in the year 6861 on the 14th day of March,” according to another list “his relics were found in the same summer.” The latest news is not visible in the chronicles. In Music Rumyantsev No. 160 legend on the “transfer of the relics of the holy hierarchs, Metropolitans Theognostus, Cyprian, Photius, Jonah,” Aug. 27 d.