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St. Sophronius, Patriarch of Jerusalem A native of Damascus, highly educated in external and sacred sciences, Sophronius first labored in the Palestinian monastery of St. Theodosius under the leadership of John Moschus, then with him he visited the Thebaid hermits. In Alexandria he fell ill with his eyes and, when a few months later the doctors declared the disease incurable, he turned to St. with prayer. doctors Cyrus and John (Jan. 31) and was healed by them. Grateful to St. martyrs, he depicted their lives and exploits and described 70 of their miracles. In Alexandria, John and Sophronius lived under Patriarch John the Merciful (November 12) and were his assistants in managing the affairs of the Church and in the fight against Monophysite heretics; Sophrony immediately became a monk. When the Persians approached Alexandria (618), John and Sophronius went traveling and visited Cyprus, Constantinople and Rome. In Rome, John died (622), and Sophronius returned to the monastery of St. Theodosius to bury the remains of his teacher. Then he was in Alexandria and with tears begged Patriarch Cyrus not to publicize the “statement of the Faith,” with which he thought to unite the Monophysites with the Church; but his requests were in vain both here and in Constantinople, from Patriarch Sergius. At the beginning of 634, the council of bishops of the Jerusalem district elected him patriarch. Sophrony immediately denounced the heresy at the council and notified the other patriarchs about it. In 636, in August, the Mohammedans approached Jerusalem and kept it under siege for five months; Finally, Sophronius appeared in the enemy camp and surrendered the city on possibly decent terms. Died around 638. From him there are many church songs, words and explanations for the liturgy. † Repose of St. Euthymius, Archbishop of Novgorod St. Euthymius, in baptism John, the son of the prayers of barren pious parents, Novgorodians, priest Micah and Anna 118, in the 15th year entered the Vyazhitsky monastery - it was then a new monastery. The pious hermits Euphrosynus, Ignatius and Galaktion chose a place for their exploits in the forest and swamp. They first erected a chapel in honor of St. Nicholas. When the priest Pimen, monk Pachomius, came to them, a church was built for St. Nicholas in 1411, and Pachomius was the first abbot 119. One Novgorod boyar added a lot of sorrows to the harsh life of the hermits, until he received healing in the monastery of St. Nicholas. John came to this wild and harsh place and, having accepted monasticism, began to lead an ascetic life. Having learned about the strict life of the monk Euthymius, Archbishop Simeon took Euthymius into his home and entrusted him with managing church property; this was the first treasurer from among the monks, and before that time the treasurers of the house were elected from the laity. Euthymius was both an exemplary treasurer and a strict monk. Upon death, blessed Simeon and after a short reign and elected, but not consecrated, Theodosius was elected Archbishop Euthymius the Bearded. Treasurer Euthymy retired to Khutyn for silence; but soon the monks of Fox Mountain begged him to be their abbot. On November 29, 1429, “the holy monk Euthymius from Fox Mountain was elevated by lot to the canopy,” that is, to the house and position of the Novgorod archpastor 120. Since in Moscow after the expulsion of Isidore, due to the bloody disputes for the throne of the Grand Duke, there was no metropolitan for a long time, Euthymius remained the named archbishop until 1434, and this year (May 24) he was consecrated in Smolensk by Metropolitan Gerasim 121. This situation was not easy for the blessed one. Euphemia; but this did not prevent him from zealously engaging in the affairs of the title entrusted to him. The fire that devastated the Sofia side in 1431 forced him to work hard to restore the buildings of the ruler's house. He built several churches in the Novgorod Kremlin and the St. Sophia Cathedral was richly decorated. “If you want,” writes Pachomius, to see a few of his great deeds, go to the church of St. Sofia. There you will see the churches of the saints created by him, standing like mountains. Not with their voice, but with their deeds, they reveal their varied beauty.” - “Archbishop Euthymius gave this to me,” says one church; the other says: “He adorned me with such splendor”; the third will tell: “He raised me up from the foundation.” Church of the Great John Chrysostom, oh, tall and beautiful, with the hand of Chrysostom he blesses him and on his behalf says: “since you have built a church for me on earth, and I will beg the Creator to prepare for you a church in heaven.” The cathedral church of the wisdom of God, dilapidated by time and restored by him, proclaims: “he restored me to my former splendor, he painted me with St. icons - he is my praise and beauty.” Boasting before the Church of his angel Euthymius, built by him, and other churches, the elder adds: “Behold, I and the children whom he gave me.” From the chronicles we also see that in the initial years of the reign of the flock of Blessed. Euthymy also arranged a lot in his beloved monastery of Vyazhitskaya, hitherto poor. In 1438 he built a stone church of St. Nicholas, which was later decorated with wall writing; and the next year he built a warm stone church of the Theologian here with meals and services 122. Zealous for the glory of God, the archpastor revered the deeds of his predecessors. This reverence was approved from above. At night in 1439, sexton Aaron, not in a dream, but in reality, saw the former saints of Novgorod entering the church from the vestibule. Overcome with horror, he did not dare to wake up his comrades. A little later, the saints came out of the altar in full vestments and, standing in front of the Korsun Icon of the Mother of God, began to perform prayer singing; Aaron heard their voice, but could not understand the words. They prayed for an hour and returned to the altar. “That’s how the vision ended.” At dawn, Aaron reported this to Archbishop Euthymius, and in the morning he told everyone. - Blessed. the archpastor conciliarly celebrated the liturgy and requiem for all the archpastors of St. Sophia and then distributed generous alms to the poor 123. In the same year, during the restoration of the St. Sophia Cathedral, incorrupt relics were found in its vestibule, but no one knew whose. At night St. The saint appeared to Euthymius and said: “I am that Archbishop John whose tomb was opened.” Having made a promise to pray for the city, he ordered commemoration of the deceased princes and archpastors of Novgorod 124. These reminders of the duty to honor former mentors and princes were very timely: Novgorod, which often looked to the West, needed to be reminded that it had something worthy of respect, and news from the West was already suspicious because it was new. In the fall of 1437, Metropolitan Isidore was in Novgorod, then, after staying for several weeks in Pskov, he took away from the Novgorod archpastor “the court and the seal and the water and the land and all the income” on the Pskov side, appointing his governor in Pskov. Blessed Euthymius endured this with humility and meekness, not yet knowing whether Isidore was a faithful shepherd of the church? At the end of 1441, it was revealed to all of Russia that Isidore was the humble servant of the pope, power-hungry and proud, and wanted the entire Russian Church to submit to the will of the pope 125. Now that's a blessing. Euthymius saw especially clearly and let others see how it was necessary for his flock, who had so much contact with the West, to admonish heaven to remember their teachers of the faith. Road St. By the faith of his ancestors, the blessed archpastor took care of the multiplication of books useful for the soul. Even now there are books written down at his will and at his expense 126. – But with respect for ancient piety, he was not afraid to use the inventions of the West related to the conveniences of earthly life. “With the help of overseas craftsmen, but under the supervision of his treasurer Theodore, a skilled architect, he built many stone buildings in the saint’s courtyard. The “Euphemian Chambers” are still intact, but have already been changed in many ways. They amazed Euthymius' contemporaries. According to Pachomius’ description, they were arranged with internal passages and many doors, so that only a householder could find secret messages between all the chambers. – Evfimy also built a “clock ringer”, a stone structure with a clock and a bell. – This clock tower is one of the tallest buildings from where Novgorod with its distant monasteries is visible. The fire of 1442, which damaged up to 12 stone churches, prompted the saint's efforts to restore and establish several parish churches 127 . The morals of the Novgorodians of that time brought a lot of work and sorrow to the saint, who was zealous for his duty. This is what the Novgorod chronicler says in 1446: “at that time there was no truth and just justice in Novgorod - the sneakers appeared, took an oath and kissed the cross for untruth, robberies rose up in the villages, volosts and the city, and we were a reproach to our neighbors; there were heavy detours through the volosts and frequent extortions; there were screams, sobs, cries and curses against our elders and against the city, because there was neither mercy nor right judgment.” And the ancient narrator about the saint writes that as much as he was concerned about alleviating the lot of the unfortunate, he was so strict against arrogant sin. He did not remain silent when someone strong in power or wealth did something contrary to the law of God. They did not soften him or stop him from denouncing sin, neither by requests, nor by gifts, nor by threats. The Church praises (in the service) “his zeal against illegal marriages and fornication.” In 1446, the blessed archpastor went “for Volok to bless the Novgorod fatherland and his archbishop and his children.” – He spent a whole six months on this journey: leaving Novgorod on August 7, he returned from Zavolochye on January 23, 1447; Then he visited, among other things, Kopevets 128. In 1446 Shemyaka seized the grand-ducal throne and entered into relations with Novgorod. – A difficult situation has arisen for the Novgorod archpastor 129. In 1451, Saint Jonah wrote a letter to Archbishop Euthymius asking him to try to put out the unrest raised in Novgorod by Shemyaka. “I know, my son and brother,” the high priest wrote, that you yourself know the Holy Scriptures well; but our humility, out of duty as a priest, writes to you briefly... I bless you, son and brother, so that you yourself instruct and order the priests to teach spiritual children to evade every evil deed.” At the same time, the high priest, with a special message, convinced the Novgorodians to stop the unrest of blind self-will, and wrote: “be obedient in everything to our son and brother, and to your father and teacher, the God-loving Archbishop Euthymius” 130. From this it is clear that the high priest had great respect for Blessed Euthymius. But the Novgorodians were not such that they could obey their great saint in everything. They did not want to stop ties with Shemyaka. In 1452 the high priest wrote to Archbishop Euthymius so that the Novgorodians and Prince. Demetrius sent ambassadors to ask for forgiveness from Grand Duke Vasily; otherwise, added Saint Jonah, the blood will fall on the one who wants to shed it 131. Shemyaka, an unscrupulous oathbreaker and a hard-hearted enemy, was excommunicated from the Church. But the Novgorodians did not lag behind in contact with him even then. Shemyaka was so skilled at deceiving others about himself and flattering people’s weaknesses that the Novgorodians shouted: St. Sophia is a protection for the oppressed. – The weapons of the Grand Duke triumphed over the rebellious. Blessed Euthymius had to be an intercessor before the Grand Duke for his criminal children. And the Grand Duke forgave the perpetrators. This was in 1456 132. The blessed archpastor did not spare himself in anything, he was strict with himself. Concerns about management did not keep him from fulfilling the monastic rule; What he did not have time to do during the day, he completed at night: an hour before Matins, he got up for cell prayer and then listened to church prayer. service. He often spent the whole night without sleep; taming his flesh, he wore chains, but no one knew about them until his death 133. He spent the first week of Great Lent in his Vyazhitsky monastery, in silent prayer and not eating anything. Having reached a very old age and feeling the proximity of death, Euthymius was worried in his soul that Shemyaka’s affairs put him in an unseemly relationship with the high priest, whom he highly revered. He sent a messenger with a letter, asking Saint Jonah for prayers and forgiveness. The saint wrote in response that he was grieving over Euthymius’ illness, and then said: “We remind you, my son, that you began to act too simply: you received the one who was excommunicated by our humility for crimes, with whom you had friendly communication in food and drink, and honored him with your blessing. “And you, my son, repent of this before God.” It is further said that if Euthymius recovered, he would arrive in Moscow; if he dies before the arrival of the messengers, a farewell letter should be read over his coffin 134. Blessed Euthymius reposed on March 10, 1458 135. The high priest's messenger, confessor Eumenius, arrived in Novgorod 16 days after the death of Euthymius; His coffin, according to his will, stood in the church of his beloved Vyazhitsky monastery. When they opened the coffin to read the farewell letter to Euthymius, to everyone’s amazement, corruption did not touch the man of God; he lay as if asleep; his fingers were folded for blessing. “God still protects Novgorod; Saint Euthymius is praying for him,” said Euthymius out loud and, having read Jonah’s letter, he placed it in Euthymius’s hand. Soon after the death of Euthymius, miracles began to flow from the saint. The first to experience the mercy of his abbot Vyazhitsky Varlaam. He suffered greatly from fever and, when he placed the schema and chains of Euthymius on himself, he recovered. The son of the Novgorod boyar Matthew, who had suffered from headaches for three years, as soon as he placed the schema of Euthymius on himself at his tomb, he received healing. Likewise, the monastery's cellarer, who was paralyzed, and many others were healed. The event with the protodeacon of St. Theodore was especially remarkable. In his dying illness, he accepted monasticism with the name Theodosius and told his family to bury him in the Anthony Monastery. Then, already dying, he wanted to get up, but could not, and ordered everyone to protect themselves with the sign of the cross. What does it mean? asked him. “Blessed Archbishop Euthymius came to me and invites me to his monastery; take me to the monastery on Vyazhitsy,” said Theodosius and gave up the ghost 136. According to the census of 1500, we already see in the Vyazhitsky monastery a church in the name of St. Euthymius 137. “The grace of God that brings salvation has appeared to all men, teaching us that, denying ungodliness and worldly lusts, we should live soberly, righteously and godly in this present age, looking for the blessed hope and the appearing of the glory of the great God and our Savior Jesus Christ” (Titus 2:11–13.) On the same day Rev. Sophrony, recluse of Pechersk On the same day Rev. Sophrony, the hermit of Pechersk, who took refuge in a cave, read the entire psalter every day and did not take off his hair shirt and iron belt until his death. His relics are in the Theodosius Caves in the Kyiv Lavra. RKP. life of St. Euphemia, described by Pachomius. The writer says that he is writing about St. Euphemia "not by his own arbitrariness, but by the will of the successor to his throne, Vladyka Jonah, who after him, by the judgment of God and the election of people, took the see of St. Sophia, and during his life was a sincere friend to him: moved by love, he ordered to write his life. And with the help of the prayers of the saint, I offer my word for those who live according to God, for the common good, so that the truth is not consigned to oblivion and is not hidden under the weight of many passing years." Synod. b-ki RKP. No. 6309 Kostomarova printed. 4 hours (in memory, old lit. St. Petersburg, 1862) from the list of the Sophia Library. East. Hier. III, 635. Collection. l. III, 235. 237. IV, 115. 119. East. act. 1, No. 258. Tuchkov in the life of St. Mikhail Klopsky: “To this wonderful Euthymius, who was enthroned, then there was disorder in the city: Ovi from the citizens, according to ancient legends, the Russian Tsar, all the nobles of the city and the elders wanted to adhere to Latin and obey these kings. Euthymius did not become a bishop for three years.” The Moscow boyar of the formidable king, out of fear, tells a lie: the unrest of 1431–1433 occurred in Moscow between the princes. Vasily and Yuri, which is why they were late to send St. Jonah. Collection l. III, 113. 239. 141. IV, 112. East. Hier. III, 635. 636. Silver is preserved in the Novgorod St. Sophia Cathedral. artos panagiyar, built, according to the inscription, in 1435 “by order of the Right Reverend Archbishop of the Great Novgorod, Bishop Euthymius, under Prince Yuri Lugvenievets.” Collection l. III, 183. 112. 113. The Tikhvin Charter of 1590 says: “in memory of the holy martyr Hierotheus there was a commemoration from Euthymius Archbishop of Vyazhitsky, by order of Ivan the Archbishop of the dungeons, for the Grand Dukes and Grand Duchesses and their relatives and the Archbishop and bishops who lie in Vel. Novgorod in the cathedral church and in the monasteries and in all Orthodox Christians.” In the Resurrection Monastery there was a charter of 1440, where the commandment was written by the hand of the saint himself to commemorate those who rest in the St. Sophia Cathedral. Collection l. III, 113. 114. IV. 122. 210–212. V, 29. 30. Kings. l. 202–238. To the Synod. b. the service book and charter of the saint are intact (Sabas index, pp. 252. 262); The service menaions are intact: for November 1438, for June 1439, for February 1441, for April 1442, the festive menaion. The afterword of the scribe of the first menaion is remarkable. He says: “By the command of my lord, Archbishop Bishop Euthymius,” abbot Dionysius wrote in the monastery of the Mother of God on Peryn, further: “fathers, gentlemen and brethren, clergy of St. Sophia! sing or read, but correcting; but do not blame me, a sinner; if I have peed myself somewhere, whether speaking with a friend or teaching children or through an eclipse of thoughts: do not murmur against me, poor man." The purpose of the Octoechos, written in 1437 by order of St. Euphemia for Sophia. cathedral Known acad. VI, 294–296. 299. VII, 275. Collection l. IV, 122. Description. Novgor. bishop at home, pp. 12–14. 33. 34. 40–45. 59. Along Novgorod. l. (collected l. III, 111. 112) the chambers were built in 1435, the tower - in 1436, the new bell tower in 1439, and the clock - in 1449 (collected l. III, 112. 239. IV, 123). Collection l. IV, 125. 126. See June 19 h. Collection years. V, 271. 272. VI, 127. Pachomius service of St. Euthymius, in the Menaion for March, M. 1646 at Rumyantsev No. 397. Chronicle: 1458 “Vladyka Euthymius reposed on the 10th day of March. Rest, O Lord, with the saints his soul” (Collected fol. 4. 127). “He was appointed to reign for 24 years” (Collected fol. 3:241). Pachomius in the Life of St. Euphemia: service of St. Euthymius was written by him. Nevolina about Pyatina. In prol., p. 16. In the calendar of the charter of the 16th century. March. 11 “Assumption of St. Euthymius, Archbishop of Novgorod.” at Tolstoy 1, No. 100. St. Euthymius is depicted on a pillar in the altar of Sofiysk. cathedral Description collection 94. St. Petersburg. 1853. Between the saints according to charters of the 17th century. see January 25, pr. 120.