17-го числа

Holy Great Martyr Theodore Tiron Tyrone is a Roman word, meaning a recruit, a new warrior. Having confessed Christ before the leaders and comrades in arms, Theodore burned the church of the goddess Cybele, and after scourging and other torments, as an opponent of the gods and a Christian, he was burned at the stake in Amasia in 306. The faithful buried his remains in the city of Euchait, near Amasya. On Saturday of the first week of Great Lent, the church, according to its ancient name, Feodorovskaya, celebrates the thanksgiving celebration of St. Great Martyr Theodore Tiron. The synaxarion on Saturday of the first week of Pentecost begins with the verses: “Tiron feeds the city with Koliv food, Food that has been defiled has become obscene.” Julian, an apostate and crafty persecutor of Christianity, wanting to desecrate St. Our fast in the first week of Pentecost, which has been especially revered since ancient times, and to subject Christians to ridicule, commanded in 362 the Diocese of Antioch to secretly - every day during the first week - to desecrate the supplies sold according to custom in Antioch in the marketplace, with the blood of idolatrous sacrifices, from which Christians are always obliged to refrain (Acts 15:29). The eparch fulfilled Julian's command. But the malicious intent of the enemies became known to the Christians. The Holy Great Martyr Theodore Tiron (warrior), who won the crown of martyrdom under the Emperor Maximian, in Amasia, around the year 306, on February 17, appears to the Archbishop of Constantinople Eudoxius and commands him to call the believers early in the morning on Clean Monday and forbid them to buy desecrated food at the marketplace. The bishop was perplexed as to how to replace this deprivation, especially since he had a shortage of household supplies. The Great Martyr advised eating kolivo (χολλυβα) or boiled wheat with honey, sometimes called kutia, and thus exposed and disgraced the wicked intention of the cunning blasphemer. In memory of this event and in gratitude to the Great Martyr Theodore, as a consumer of idols, a representative and guardian of the flock of Christ, the Orthodox Church since then, i.e., since the 4th century, has been celebrating the Great Martyr annually, performing on the eve of Saturday, on Friday at the liturgy for the prayer behind the pulpit, a prayer canon - the composition of St. John of Damascus, and blessing in honor of the great martyr kolivo, with which he inspired to replace the desecrated Lenten food during the first week of Lent. On Saturday, the Church decided to read a word of praise to Theodore - the work of Gregory of Nyssa, and to sing the canon of John, Metropolitan of Euchaites. † Memory of Rev. Theodosius and his student Roman The Reverend Theodosius 289, a Bulgarian by birth, performed the initial feats of monastic life in the Viddinsky monastery of St. Nicholas, under the control of Abbot Job, a virtuous and reasonable man. “Having been tonsured into monasticism by Job, Theodosius turned out to be ready for any obedience”: and the abbot entrusted him with managing the economy of the monastery. He labored courageously and, as they saw, served not people, but God. His obedience and humility were such as they had not seen in others. After the death of Abbot Job, he moved to Ternov, then the capital city of Bulgaria, and began to live in the monastery of the Mother of God, called the Holy Mountain. Carried away by zeal for a higher spiritual life, he wanted to find himself a spiritual mentor and with this desire he moved from monastery to monastery, from Ternovsky to Cherveny monastery, from Cherveny to Slavenskaya Gora. “The devotees of virtue living in the Bulgarian monasteries were poor at that time.” In the monastery of Epikerna the abbot received him with love and the brethren showed him love. Here he lived for quite some time, when a rumor about the great spiritual ascetic Gregory Sinaite called him to the Hidden Desert, where Sinaite lived, having retired from Athos from the worries of time. With St. Gregory, Theodosius found everything that his soul had long been looking for. “Here, day and night, he taught pure faith and sacred commandments, raising the soul to the measure of spiritual age. Following the sacred teacher, he was saturated with spiritual drink. The great ascetic, seeing his zeal for life in God, passed on to him not only the ordinary rules of asceticism, but also instructions in the speculative life.” St. Gregory is known primarily as a teacher of contemplative life; - this is what he says in written instructions 290. This is what he says in one of his instructions: “I am lower than all people because of the ignorance of my soul, the earth is the ashes of their feet. How can I not consider myself the most wicked of all creation, which remains in its nature as before, while I have stepped out of my nature through my immeasurable iniquities? Verily, beasts and cattle are purer than me, a sinner; I am below all things and before death I lie cast down into hell. Who does not sincerely admit that a sinner is worse than demons, like their obedient servant, and therefore is shut up in the abyss with them? Verily, worse than demons is he who is possessed by them. You inherited the abyss with them, my unfortunate soul. Living before death in earth and hell, how can I dare to consider myself righteous? No, I created myself as an unclean sinner, like a demon." 291 And desert teacher. Sinaita often suffered from attacks by robbers. Therefore, Abba sent Theodosius to the Bulgarian Tsar Alexander with a request for protection from corrupt people. The pious king, at the request of Theodosius, provided funds to protect the monastery with a strong fence and tower, and also secured the monastery with land and livestock 292. Returning to the monastery, Theodosius continued his ascetic life, setting aside nights for prayer. The venerable mentor allowed him to spend a silent life in his cell. So he entered into the highest feat of struggle with spirits and thoughts. The spirits of evil caused him a lot of trouble, but he defeated them with firm prayer. There was also another monastic need. On instructions from his mentor, Theodosius again visited Tsar Alexander and fulfilled the order to console the elder. During his last stay in Ternov, one of the noble and rich people came to him with a persistent request to take him with him to the desert. Otherwise, he said, I will lose my life. - It was Roman, later the most sincere and most beloved student of Theodosius. Theodosius now took him with him and brought him to Sinait. Accepted by Gregory, Roman, by the will of the Abba, was sent to obedience. In his absence, the Monk Gregory died. – The brethren strongly asked Theodosius to accept the title of abbot, but he refused and left the monastery 293. He now undertook a long journey through the monasteries with the desire to listen to the instructions of experienced people. So he was in Thessaloniki and in Mesemvria. In the last place he visited the monastery of Anthony, where then “there were many fasters, one preceding the other in a virtuous life and leading an angelic life.” Then he was in Constantinople and returned to the Hidden Monastery. Having visited the brethren of Sinaite and bowed to his shrine, he and Romanus came to Mount Emon, near Mesemvria, and here labored in fasting and prayer. But the robbers drove him out of this solitude. The mountain, not far from Ternov, seemed both safe from bandit attacks and convenient for a solitary life. Theodosius settled on it with Roman. They lived here alone for three years. Theodosius sees a vision: his mountain is covered with beautiful songbirds. And after that, zealots of desert life began to come to him; their number reached 50. These were sincere servants of God. Hieromonk Theodosius led such a fasting life that he was left with skin and bones. At the same time, he zealously worked on translating Greek works into the Slavic language 294. The special feats of the Rev. begin. Feodosia. The monk Theodosius comes from Constantinople and begins to outrage the people with strange teachings. Using sorcery, he approved of the worship of one oak tree as wholesome; it came to the point that sheep and lambs were slaughtered in front of an oak tree. This restorer of popular superstition was exposed by the Rev. Theodosius and repented of his error. More dangerous were the Bogomils, who were still hiding here and there and spreading debauchery among the people through secret preaching. In Solun, one nun, carried away by Bogomilism, turned her cell into a fornication. The monks who visited her transferred her teaching to Athos, and there they secretly corrupted the monks. This went on for three years, until the Athonite elders, having formed a council, anathematized the stubborn. Two of the condemned, Lazar and Kirill, came to Bulgaria. The first of them put on the guise of a holy fool and, under this cover, taught aggregation. Both blasphemed the cross and icons, rejected marriage, approved of debauchery, humiliated Christ’s death on the cross, blasphemed the hierarchy, and in place of the one God they preached two principles, the beginning of good and the beginning of evil, passed off their sleepy dreams as Divine visions, and then, as they introduced the dirtiest life, they said about themselves that they were God’s servants, poor in spirit. The Monk Theodosius, having collected accurate information about them, reported them to the king and patriarch. “Even then the presenting patriarch of the Church was simple, perplexed from everywhere.” Theodosius volunteered to prove the wickedness of the new teachers before the council. Tsar Alexander loved enlightenment as much as he loved true Christian piety 295. “By his will, a council was formed, where the king was present with his council. The sowers of lies were brought. “What is this new teaching you have?” asked Theodosius. “Our teaching is not new,” they answered, “it is the same one that is expressed in the words: blessed are the poor in spirit; Don’t do something that will ruin your life.” “The Apostle of Christ,” Theodosius answered in reproof, “said about himself: serve me with my hands and serve those who are with me. He worked, and did not wander idly, like you, sowers of depravity. It is in vain that you pose as admirers of humility: you have no humility at all. Who gave you the right to be teachers? Marriage is honorable and the bed is not filthy, the Apostle teaches, and the Savior was at the wedding feast. Only the spirit of malice can teach as you teach: fulfill, you say, the aspirations of nature. What is freedom given to us for, if not so that the spirit can overcome the unclean movements of the flesh? You admit the beginning of good and the beginning of evil, one heavenly, the other earthly. But the Lord commanded that God be recognized as the Father of heaven and earth, the Creator and All-Acting Provider.” The teachers of wickedness stood silent. Lazarus regained consciousness and repented. But Cyril and his disciple Stefan remained stubborn in their wickedness. The Tsar ordered them to be branded with a hot iron and expelled from Bulgaria. More false teachers of Judaism have also been revealed. These rejected the incarnation of the Son of God. Despite their obvious anti-Christianity, they hoped to find protection for themselves in the queen, who was from the Jews 296. But the pious king, with his zeal for piety, prompted the queen to take the side of piety 297. Since on the one hand there were still preachers of Messalian debauchery, and the insolence of the Judaizers, offending some, embarrassed those who were not firm in the faith, the Rev. Theodosius again appeared to the king and insisted that a new council be assembled. So the king and his sons Shishman and Yasen, patriarch, appeared at the council. Theodosius, metropolitans: Preslavsky and also prototrope Dorofey, Dristersky (Silistrian) Zechariah, Ovcha-polya (Pravodsky) Lazarus, Lovchansky Parthenius, Philippopolis Manuel, Sredechsky (Sophia) Leontty, Bishop Jacob of Madita, archimandrite of the Lavra of 40 Martyrs Ioannikiy, several hieromonks from the monastery of Theodosius with their abbot. The symbol of the universal faith was read, and anathema was pronounced both to the Judaizers and to the Bogomils. The king first condemned the spreaders of false teachings to death, but then limited himself to corporal punishment. One repented and was accepted into communion with the Church. The other two remained adamant. The conciliar act was recorded as a keepsake for posterity. This was in 1360 298. When the Turks started a war, the king, not wanting to let Theodosius go, built a cave for him in a safe place - with cells, where he and his brothers settled. Soon afterwards the monk became ill and was ill for 20 months. In this illness he wanted to see Rev. Callistus, as with a spiritual friend. Callistus wrote to Bulgaria asking that Theodosius be released to him. “But they didn’t express any desire for this in Tarnovo.” The monk, having transferred control of the brethren to Roman, secretly withdrew to Constantinople and here he soon died in the Mamantov monastery. “It should be said,” adds the patriarch, about the aforementioned student Roman. He was a virtuous man, and, following the example of his mentor, a zealous follower of the Lord's commandments. Having taken the monastery into his care, he diligently taught the brethren. Therefore, those around him often came to him for instructions on fasting life. He ate food once a day and then very little. He was tormented by a serious illness - a cough. “But he never lowered his vigil and spent nights without sleep, falling asleep only in the morning.” He died on February 17th. The Patriarch, in describing the life of Theodosius, does not explain why Ternov did not agree to let Theodosius go to Constantinople. But the matter is explained by the letter of the Rev. Callista, written “to the venerable monks residing in Ternov,” or, as it is said in the Slavic translation, “to the most honorable priests in the monastery, Theodosius and Roman, and other priests of Ternov.” In this document, Rev. Callistus condemns the Terniv Church for not remembering the Patriarch of Constantinople in its prayers and for allegedly not rightfully calling the Terniv archpastor a patriarch 299 . Since the Patriarchate of Ternov was established by the consent of the Council of Constantinople 300, then, naturally, in Ternov they were dissatisfied with the letter of Callistus and therefore were not pleased with Theodosius’ desire to visit Constantinople. So dear. Theodosius approached death and sorrow in 1362. Service Rev. Theodosius was written by Hieromonk Serapion, who grieved that while Constantinople honored the exploits of the saint, the Bulgarian country did not honor its ascetic 301. St. Mariama (Mary), sister of the Apostle Philip The Holy Apostle Philip, preaching the Gospel in the regions of Asia Minor, came to Lydia and Mysia. Here the holy Apostle Bartholomew joined him, and from that time on, accompanied by Philip’s sister, the maiden Mariama, who took a vow of virginity and followed her brother, they together continued their Apostolic work for the glory of God and for the salvation of people, and together they endured all the hardships and sorrows, “being beaten, and shut up in prisons, and stoned.” In this way they passed through all the Lydian and Mysian cities, protected by the Lord while preaching His word; On the way, they had the consolation of meeting John the Theologian; they went with him to Phrygia and arrived to preach the Gospel in the city of Hierapolis. Here, “as soon as they arrived,” the church historian Nicephorus Callistus Xanthopoulos tells about them, based on ancient legends, “the service to idols immediately ceased”; “the viper, idolized by the inhabitants of Hierapolis, was expelled from its usual home”; “those who honored her were covered with shame and vexation.” Here the holy Apostle John parted with them, leaving to preach the gospel to other cities. Those who remained in Hierapolis in Phrygia, the holy Apostle Philip with the holy Apostle Bartholomew and Mariam, day and night, tirelessly preached the word of God to the local inhabitants. When the holy Apostle Philip was crucified head down on the cross and died in the midst of prayers, his sister Mariama lovingly embraced his body taken from the cross, rejoicing with unearthly joy over her holy brother, who completed his life devoted to Christ with a miraculous feat... After the death of Saint Philip, Saint Mariama went to Lycaonia and there, amid the successful evangelization, she peacefully rested from her labors. Memory of Hermogenes, All-Russian Patriarch Memory of Hermogenes, All-Russian Patriarch. (See in the “Mesyatsoslov” - addition to the “Tamb. Eparch. Vedom.” issue II, p. 213.) Theodore the Silent of Pechersk Theodore the Silent of Pechersk, who was awarded the gift of miracles, which continues to this day to help those who worship St. with faith. his relics, resting in the Feodosiev caves in Kyiv. “The Life of St. Theodosius, described by vol. Callistome", ex. on Thursday total ist. 1860 book. I. A description rich in the colors of eloquence, but not poor in news of the past. This description is sometimes conveyed in literal translation, and more often in extract. The works of St. Gregory of Sinai are shown by Medvedev in the table of contents of the books, § 52. Synodal bibliography. No. 172. The life of St. Gregory, described by the same P. Callistus, eg. in Athos Patericon 1, 348–376. Sl. notes from a fan of St. mountains pp. 142, 143. Nil Sorsky has word 5 about fighting passions. Of course, a letter was given to the monastery about this. But now she is unknown. Only chrysobulus c is known. Alexander to the Zografsky Monastery in 1342 about the granting of the village to the monastery. Khontaka near Strumnitsa. Izv. ak. 11, 313. The eloquent biography writer, both in the life of Theodosius and in the life of St. Gregory, did not show in what year St. Gregory died. This is a pity. Serapion, in his note about St. Theodosius (read the general history of 1860), says that Callistus, a fellow student of Theodosius, after the death of Gregory, “was quickly taken to the bishopric in Serbia.” The Athos Patericon (1403) says that Callistus labored in the Athos monastery of Mogul, under the leadership of St. Gregory of Sinaite, and in 1350 he was appointed patriarch, and in 1368, having been an ambassador to the Serbian ruler Elizabeth, he died in Ferah. It is more than likely that the works of Gregory Sinaite were translated into Slavic by this hardworking translator. Ave. Nil Sorsky has already read Sinaita in the Slavic translation. “By the command of my noble and Christ-loving lord, the beautiful king John Alexander in the summer of 6853 (1347),” wrote the chronicler of Manasseh. – See Chertkov on the chronicle of Manasseh, pp. 4–7. M. 1842. Ts. Alexander was married twice. From his first wife Theodora, in monasticism Feofaniya, he had sons Strashimir and Mikhail. Then, captivated by the beauty of the Jewish woman, he baptized her and married her. From this marriage there were sons Shishman and Yasen. The former Jewish woman was accused (Raicha ist. 1, 488–490) that his stepson Mikhail was poisoned and that out of fear for Strashimir’s life, Strashimir was sent to Viddin with the rights of an authorized ruler. But was it all like that? In the Bulgarian Synodikon we read: “Great to Theodora, the pious queen. c. John Alexander, who was of Jewish descent, received St. I have preserved baptism and pious faith, and many churches have been renovated and various monasteries have been erected, led by this mother. c. John Shishman, eternal memory." Vremennik m. general, ist. Book 23, p. 13. Luke, the newly baptized “most noble Abraham Asan Khodjais,” who wrote the Vatopedi Octatevkh with information about the Greek translations of the Bible and the devastation of Judea (in the mountain worshiper p. 99. 100) is almost from Ternov, as is Abraham Asai, and almost both are not from the Jews, relatives of the Jewess Theodora. When did the Bulgarian Paulician Bogomils turn into papists? Probably, John Yasen only thanked P. Innocent for sending the royal crown by allowing the princes to convert the Bogomils into admirers of the pope. At the very least, it is certain that the current papists in Bulgaria are called Paulicians and live exactly where Tzimiskes Paulician settled, near Philippopolis, Grigorovich putesh. 166, 167, 177. Russian. demon 1860 11, 16. Certificate in Greek. language and from Slav. published in translation in Izv. ak. VII, 155–160. Acts of establishing the Patriarchate of Ternovsky district. in Izv. acad. VII, 151–153. Read total ist. 1860 sq. 1.