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† Venerable Theodosius of Pechersk The fate of God's mercy is inscrutable! That's what the reverend says. Nestor at the beginning of his story about St. Feodosia. So God chose the shepherd and teacher of the monks not from among the wise philosophers and not from the city rulers: but may the name of the Lord be glorified - the rude, uneducated one appeared wiser than the philosophers. O hidden secret! when it was impossible to expect, a bright lightning shone from there, so that when they saw its glow, from all sides, leaving everything, they hurried to it to enjoy its light 67 . Theodosius was born in Vasilevo, 50 fields from Kyiv 68; but even as a child he began to live with his parents in Kursk 69. From a young age, his soul strove for the Lord, not liking children's games or clothes. Every day I went to the Church of God and listened to the holy books with all attention. He himself “begged his parents to send him to some teacher to teach him how to read holy books”; He learned quickly and was distinguished, moreover, by meekness - he was “obedient not only to his teacher, but also to all the students with him.” With excellent talents and diligence, he very quickly learned the science taught, so that they were amazed at the child’s intelligence and his speedy learning. In 14, having lost his father and remaining under the supervision of his mother, a strict and stubborn woman, although she loved her son passionately, Theodosius early learned the bitterness of life. He burned with love for the Lord; but his mother was not like that, she thought more about earth than about heaven. The heir to significant property, he wore more than simple clothes and went to work with servants. His mother, beating him, ordered him to live like his equals. The reverent young man thought to himself, how and in what way should he be saved? Once he happened to see strangers: having heard from them about the holy places of Palestine, he persistently asked to take him with them and secretly left behind them from his mother. His mother caught up with him - the healthy woman beat him with anger and fury and, throwing him in a locked room, left him without food for two days; Then, after feeding him, she left his legs tied for a few more days so that he wouldn’t leave. Loving her son passionately, she turned from anger and cruelty to affection, begging her son not to leave her. Theodosius still went to church. Noticing that the liturgy was celebrated rarely, due to the lack of prosphora, he began to bake prosphora. His mother did not like his son’s occupation either. At first, she kindly asked him to stop baking prosphoras: “You are bringing dishonor,” she said, to your family; I can’t hear them laughing at you for doing this.” The smart, kind son respectfully explained to his mother the high purpose of the prosphora. Mother calmed down for a while. But the next year, seeing that her son had turned black from the stove and fire, she again began to forbid him from baking prosphoras, sometimes with threats, and sometimes with severe beatings. The good young man did not know what to do. To save his mother and himself from worries, he secretly left Kursk for a neighboring city and there he continued his holy studies with the priest. His mother found him here too, brought him home and resolutely forbade him to bake prosphora. With his pious life and meekness of character, he attracted the attention of the mayor of the city, and he wanted Theodosius to serve in his church, probably as a brownie; More than once the boss gave him good clothes, but each time Theodosius gave them to the poor, and he himself remained in rags. For this, the good boss fell in love with Theodosius even more. Zealous for the mortification of the flesh, Theodosius put iron chains on himself and wore them patiently, although they soon wounded his body. It happened that the chief of the city was giving a feast to the celebrities of the city. Theodosius had to appear in clean clothes to serve the guests. While changing clothes, the mother saw blood on her shirt. This revealed to her that her son wore chains. She furiously tore them off her son and beat him brutally. But in vain the mother tried to extinguish her son’s love for the ascetic life. Once he listened to the words of the Gospel: whoever loves father or mother more than Me is not worthy of Me, and whoever loves son or daughter more than Me is not worthy of Me (Matthew 10:37). These words this time greatly shocked Theodosius: he saw that his mother’s love for him did not serve either her or his benefit, and he decided to definitely leave home in order to completely devote himself to God. The mother left home for several days. Theodosius took advantage of this and went to Kyiv, where, as he heard, there were monasteries. Not knowing the road to Kyiv, he caught up with the convoy heading to Kyiv, and followed it to Kyiv in three weeks. Here he visited all the monasteries and asked the monks to accept him; but they, seeing a simple youth dressed in thin clothes, did not want to accept him. Having heard about the blessing. Anthony the caveman, Theodosius was “inspired by the spirit” and hurried to him. With tears, he fell at the feet of the ascetic and asked to take him to him. “Child,” Anthony told him, you see how dark and cramped these caves are! You are young and, I think, cannot bear sorrows in this place.” Theodosius answered: “You know, honest father, the all-seeing God led me to your shrine, so that I may be saved by you; because whatever you order me to do, I will do it.” Then blessed. Anthony said: “Blessed be God, who strengthens you, child, for such a feat!” And Nikon, by order of St. elder, tonsured Theodosius. This was in 1032, in the 24th year of Theodosieva’s life 70. The new monk with all his ardor devoted himself to the labors of asceticism, fasting, prayer, obedience, humility, so that Anthony and Nikon marveled at the strength of the young man and glorified God for him. But Theodosius once again had to endure the struggle with maternal love. Four years later she came to Kyiv, having searched for him in Kursk for a long time and in vain. Come to Anthony, she asked to see her son. Theodosius said that he was a cave monk. The mother gave herself over to frantic grief. Her despair and Anthony’s advice persuaded Theodosius to agree to a date. But in vain the mother urged her to return to her house. Theodosius answered her that if she wanted to see him from time to time, let her enter the women's monastery. The mother did not agree to this for a long time; finally decided to devote herself to God in the monastery of St. Nicholas. Theodosius thanked the Lord for his mother and joyfully turned to his exploits. The life of the cave dwellers was generally strict, but Theodosius did not spare himself. Their food was rye bread, and on Saturday and Sunday - sochivo; when even that was not enough, they cooked and ate greens. To have bread, they did simple handicrafts, sold it, bought grain for themselves, and then, dividing it, ground it themselves. At the end of Matins, they went to the garden and dug the ground until one o'clock; after the liturgy they worked in their cell. Theodosius worked more than others. Strong in body, he took on part of the labors of others: he carried water to others, chopped wood, ground rye and took flour to everyone. Sometimes on a hot night he gave his body as food to mosquitoes and midges; the blood flowed through him, and he calmly spun the wave and sang a psalm. He appeared in the church before others and, standing in place, did not leave it; I read with attention, without being entertained by anything. The exploits of Theodosius made him quite worthy of the rank of priesthood, and he was invested with it after Nikon’s removal to Tmutarakan (1054). In 1057, the brethren elected Theodosius as abbot, and St. Anthony approved the election 71. “Our father Theodosius, although he took over the leadership, did not change his humility and rule: he went to work first of all, as well as to the service of the church.” From that time on, the place began to bloom with the prayer of the righteous, and the number of brothers multiplied. Theodosius built a more extensive wooden Church of the Assumption; His throne was built of stone on clay and yet at 17 the table. they could barely move it to replace it with a new one 72. The vigilant abbot, having finally settled the brethren in the new place of the monastery, began to introduce (1062) the order of monastic life according to the Studite Rule 73. He did not reject any of those who wanted to be a monk, neither poor nor rich, knowing from experience how hard it is for the soul when they are not accepted into the monastery; but he did not tonsure suddenly, but “commanded the newcomer to wear his own clothes until he got used to the monastic order; after that he put on monastic clothes and tested him in all obediences; then he tonsured the hair and put on a robe; when someone turned out to be a good monk, he was honored with the holy schema.” At night he walked around the monks’ cells to see their lives; whomever he found at prayer, he thanked the Lord, and if he heard a conversation between two or three, he knocked on the door and in the morning gave meek instructions about paying attention to his soul. “Our father Theodosius forbade the gatekeeper not to open the gate for anyone after dinner until Vespers.” I experienced and led the severity of this rule myself. book Izyaslav. Once he came with his youths to the monastery before Vespers, the gates were locked. The watchman did not want to let him in. “Don't you know me? I am a prince." “It was not ordered to let the prince in,” said the gatekeeper. “Then go and ask the abbot.” The gatekeeper went to ask permission from Theodosius, and Izyaslav calmly waited for the answer at the gate. What precision in following the rules of the monastery! What modesty in the Grand Duke! Theodosius worked every day along with the brethren. “He often went to the bakery, along with the bakers and in a cheerful spirit, kneaded dough and baked bread. Once before the holiday, the cellarer said that there was no one to carry water. The blessed one hastily stood up and began to fetch water from the well. One saw this and hastened to tell the brothers; they ran to share the labor with the abbot. Another time there was no one to chop wood. “I am idle,” said the abbot, and will go.” He ordered the brethren to go to the meal, since it was time for that, and he himself began to chop wood. At the end of the table, the brethren saw that their venerable abbot was chopping wood and working. Then everyone took an ax and prepared so much firewood that there was enough for a long time.” When present at the fraternal meal, Theodosius usually ate only dry bread and boiled greens without butter. His humility was amazing. Once Grand Duke Izyaslav, who loved and respected him, ordered, on the occasion of the late hour, to take him to the monastery in a late cart. The servant sees a monk in thin clothes and says: “You, monk, are idle every day, but I live in trouble and labor; get on the horse, and I’ll lie down in your place and sleep.” The monk, without saying a word, exchanged places with the servant. When morning came, the nobles riding to the prince, when they met Theodosius, dismounted from their horses and bowed to him. The servant became afraid, but the monk only invited him to mount his horse again. In front of the gates of the monastery, the monks met the abbot with honor, and the servant, seeing this, was completely at a loss. The abbot ordered to treat him as best as possible. No one saw Theodosius lying on his ribs, but he fell asleep while sitting; He never washed his body except his hands. “His clothing was a stiff hair shirt, worn directly over his body; on top of it was another scroll and that one was very thin.” During Great Lent he retired to a cave, where he was later laid dead. Sometimes he would go away to another cave, which was near the monastery village, where he labored, unseen by anyone. He left the monastery on the evening of Cheese Sunday, and returned on the eve of Lazarus Saturday 74. The nights were spent with Rev. Theodosius and in the monastery without sleep, in prayer for himself and for the monastery, which was noticed many times by church alarm clocks, although the ascetic of God tried to hide his feat from people. More than once, when it was time to wake him up for the morning singing, the minister quietly approached the monk’s door and heard him praying, crying a lot and often hitting his head on the ground. When the minister approached in the usual way, the blessed one, hearing his arrival, not only stopped praying, but remained silent until he prayed loudly up to three times. The Monk Theodosius inspired the monks most of all to protect themselves from pride and to love humility. When you walk, he said, have your hands folded on your chest; As you pass one another, bow to each other with humility. When he denounced the brethren, tears flowed from his eyes. He always taught the brethren with humility, quietly, with love, without anger. “I beg you, brothers,” he said to the monks, especially before the onset of Lent, let us strive in fasting and prayer. Let us take care of the salvation of our souls; let us return from malice and from the ways of sin, such as fornication, theft, slander, idle talk, drunkenness, gluttony, hostility towards a brother. Let us seek God with weeping, tears, fasting, vigil, submission, obedience. Let us not return to previous sins, like dogs to vomit... Having called ourselves monks, we must repent of our sins every day. Repentance is the path leading to the kingdom; it is the key to the kingdom; without it no one can enter the Kingdom of Heaven.” When I heard that someone was seeing demonic dreams, I called him and asked him what and how happened to him; then he gave the rule to protect yourself with the sign of the cross and prayer, not to give in to attacks and not to move from your place, since otherwise it would be harder. To strengthen his brother in the struggle, he also pointed to his own experience. “This is what happened to me once,” he said once. I stood in my cell in prayer and sang the usual psalms. Suddenly a black dog stood in front of me, so that I could not bow. Since he stood in front of me for a long time and interfered with me, I wanted to hit him and he became invisible. Then fear and trembling seized me, so that I wanted to run away from that place. But the Lord helped me; Having recovered from the horror, I began to diligently pray to God, make frequent prostrations and kneel. Then fear left me and from that time on I was no longer afraid of what appeared before my eyes.” When the attacks of the spirits of darkness, imperceptible or completely unknown to people living absent-mindedly, but very noticeable to those going through spiritual life, became so strong that the monk was weakened by them, Theodosius helped with the power of his prayer. Monk Hilarion suffered so much from the evils of demons in his cell that he finally said to Theodosius: “I can no longer stay in my cell.” “Don’t leave your cell, brother,” Theodosius answered him, so that the evil spirits do not boast that they have defeated you: once they have won, they will do more dirty tricks and take power over you.” Then, crossing him, he said: “Go, you will not see them anymore.” Hilarion definitely didn’t see them anymore. The reverend head of the hostel did not tolerate the monk keeping property. Going around from cell to cell, if you found someone with food, or clothing beyond the regulations, or something from the estate; then he threw what he found into the oven, as a part of the enemy, acquired by disobedience. He told his disciples: “being monks, having renounced worldly things, we should not collect property, we should not have anything in our cells, in order to serve God with all zeal and all the fullness of our thoughts.” One brother, who was leaving the monastery, brought with him, upon returning to the monastery, a small estate acquired by the Swedish craft. Theodosius was always glad when those who left the monastery returned to it. But now he said to his brother: “if you want to be a perfect monk, throw this matter of self-will into the oven.” The monk fulfilled the will of Theodosius and, as Theodosius said about him, he then fell asleep in the monastery. The venerable abbot did not allow anything to be done without his blessing. He could not tolerate his holy flock eating food that was the fruit of disobedience, and he ordered them to throw it into water or fire. It happened that when he went to the feast of St. Demetrius, they brought him very clean bread. He ordered the cellarer to offer them at a meal for the remaining brethren. The cellarer took pity and left them the next day. When the monk saw these breads at the meal, he called the cellarer and said: it would be better not to worry about tomorrow and do it according to my orders. Then he ordered one of the brothers to collect the pieces of that bread in a box and throw it into the river; and he assigned penance to the cellarer for disobedience. Having gathered many monks, Rev. The abbot did not like to collect supplies for the monastery, but, caring first of all about the salvation of souls, he placed his trust in the Lord in everything. One evening the housekeeper comes to Feodosius. (So ​​said the monk Hilarion, who, knowing how to write well, wrote books every day and night in the blessed one’s cell, while Theodosius quietly read psalms and spun wool.) “Tomorrow,” said the housekeeper, “there is nothing to buy bread and other needs.” The blessed one answered: “It is now evening, and tomorrow is far away, and therefore go and pray to God. Will He really not have mercy and take care of us, as He knows?” The housekeeper came out. The blessed one prayed as usual and after prayer took up his cell work. The housekeeper came again with a report. “I told you,” answered Theodosius, “go and pray to God. Tomorrow you can go to the city and borrow from the sellers what you need for the brethren. But if the Lord said: do not worry about tomorrow (Matthew 6:34), then He will not leave us.” When the steward left, a young stately warrior came in, bowed and, without saying a word, put a gold hryvnia on the table and left again silently. The blessed one, taking the gold, prayed to God with tears. The gatekeeper was called, to the question: did anyone come to the gate? he answered with an oath that he had not seen anyone. Then the blessed one called the steward and, giving him the gold hryvnia, said: “Brother Anastasy! Now you won’t say - you have nothing to buy bread with; go buy it!” The housekeeper, having learned about what had happened, bowed. The blessed one added: “never despair, be firm in the faith; cast your burden on the Lord. He cares about us. Prepare a great feast for the brethren.” Another time, the cellarer informs Theodosius that he has nothing to offer the brethren at the meal. “Be patient a little,” said Theodosius, and pray to God. He who sent bread and dyes from heaven to disobedient people can now give us food.” And so, the boyar who honored Theodosius, at the inspiration of God, filled three carts with bread, cheese, fish, juice, millet, honey, and sent them to the monastery to the blessed one. Theodosius glorified God. A priest came from the city to ask Theodosius for church wine. The sexton informed Theodosius that they themselves would hardly have enough wine for three days. Theodosius ordered to give everything to the priest. “God will not leave our church without service,” said Theodosius. And the next day the Grand Duke’s housekeeper sent three carts of wine. One day, before the feast of the Dormition of the Mother of God, there was a shortage of wood oil. The sexton suggested making oil from flaxseed; Theodosius agreed; but when they wanted to pour this oil into the lamps, they saw a drowned mouse. “We sinned,” said Theodosius, we had to hope in God and believe that He is strong to give us what we need; go, pour out this oil; and we will wait, and God will give it to us.” In the evening they brought a large vessel with oil. Theodosius's faith was tangible and miraculous. Grand Duke Izyaslav, having once come to the monastery, stayed for a long time in the monastery, listened to Vespers and after Vespers enjoyed a conversation with Theodosius. The time for the evening meal approached. Theodosius ordered a meal to be prepared for the prince. The cellarer reported that there was no honey for the prince and his retinue - the vessels that were with honey were overturned. “Go,” said Theodosius, in the name of the Lord Jesus you will find honey.” The cellarer went and found a full barrel of honey. At another time, the head of the bakers reported that there was no flour for bread, except for a few handfuls of bran. “He who multiplied a handful of flour for a widow,” said Theodosius, “can make a lot of flour from a handful.” Come and see if God’s blessing will be upon us!” The baker saw with horror that in the previously empty bin, flour was pouring over the edge. Such was the reverend’s devotion to God! Not hoping for anything earthly, not having any support on earth, he was with his Lord with all his soul. And his hope did not leave him in shame. Under the guidance of such a mentor, ascetics worthy of a great teacher were formed. “They, says the eyewitness, like the land thirsty for water, accepted his word and brought fruit to God, some 100, some 60, some 30 times. One could see angels here on earth, and among them Theodosius shone brighter than the sun with his virtues. Some of them were great fasters, others were distinguished by their vigil, and others by kneeling prayer. Some ate food every other day or two, others ate only bread and water; some were content with boiled greens, while others were not boiled. The inferiors submitted to the elders, not daring to speak in front of them, and if something needed to be said, they spoke meekly and with readiness to obey. The elders loved the younger ones, mentoring them like beloved children" 75 . Many of the noble laity chose Theodosius as their spiritual father. And he took care of them, taught and instructed them when they came to him, and sometimes he himself went to their houses. So he visited the house of governor Jan Vyshatic. Theodosius also loved his wife Mary, because she and he lived according to the commandments of the Lord. He offered them instructions about love for the poor, about the Kingdom of Heaven and about the eternal torment prepared for sinners 76 . The Varangian Shimon had special reverence for Theodosius. A witness to the holy life of Anthony and Theodosius, a witness to the many miracles performed by them, shocked by what he himself saw and heard, he, with 3,000 household members and priests, left the Roman Confession and joined Orthodoxy. “Give me your word,” Shimon once said to Theodosius, “that your soul will bless me in life and in death; pray for me and for my son George and for all our descendants, as you pray for the monks.” Theodosius promised to pray to him if he had mercy from the Lord, and added: “I pray not only for the monks, but also for all those who love this holy place” 77 . He repeatedly accused the boyar Kliment Getsevich of stinginess, and he finally corrected himself and became generous to the Lord. Not only the boyars, but also the princes loved to enjoy the conversation of Theodosius and most of all Izyaslav. He often came to the monastery, listened to Theodosius’ conversation in the church and cell, and sometimes invited Theodosius to his place. At one time, he was at a monastic meal with the boyars. Why is Theodosius’s food so tasty, as it is not tasty on the table of the Grand Duke? Izyaslav asked. “Because,” answered Theodosius, “the brethren here prepare everything with reverence and prayer; when they want to cook something or bake bread, one goes and takes a blessing from the abbot; after that he makes three bows before the holy altar, lights a candle at the altar and lights a fire with it; when they pour water into the cauldron, they say to the eldest: bless, father, and he answers: God bless you, brother. Your servants, while preparing food, quarrel among themselves, scold each other, showering them with slander; They often receive beatings from guards that are not fair. So, their entire service is accompanied by sin.” Truly so, said the good prince. When Svyatoslav and Vsevolod kicked out their elder brother Izyaslav from Kyiv, it was March 22, 1073 78, Theodosius strictly denounced Svyatoslav, who sat on the table of the Grand Duke; in words and on paper he told him that he had acted illegally. In the church prayer he ordered that only Izyaslav be remembered as the legitimate Grand Duke, and only at the request of the brethren did he agree that Svyatoslav be remembered together with Izyaslav for his love for the Church. When Svyatoslav, greeted with honor by Theodosius outside the gates of the monastery, said to Theodosius: “I thought that, being angry with me, you would not let me into the monastery,” Theodosius answered: “What benefit will our anger against your power bring us? Our duty is to tell you what is necessary for the salvation of your soul, and for you to listen; power is in your will.” And after that Svyatoslav often came to Theodosius. Svyatoslav’s hostility towards his brother was strong; Theodosius extinguished it with the fear of God. Once Theodosius came to Svyatoslav, and his songs and music filled his palace. Theodosius, with downcast eyes, sat down next to the prince and then, looking at the prince, said: Will it be like this in the next world? Svyatoslav shed tears and said that this would never happen again under Theodosius. Those oppressed in court turned to Theodosius for protection and found in him an assistant; the judges themselves respected the righteous man 79 . One widow, offended in court, came to the Pechersky Monastery and, meeting Theodosius, asked: “Where can I find the abbot?” “What do you expect from him,” said Theodosius; he is a sinful man." The wife answered: “Whether he is a sinner or not, I don’t know; and I know that he saves many from troubles; That’s why I came to ask him for protection.” Theodosius asked what her case was, and, giving his word to the abbot to speak about her, he released her, and he himself went to court, and what was unjustly taken from the widow was returned to her. From time to time, Theodosius went to the Jews to talk with them about the Christian faith. Probably his conversations were not completely fruitless. He especially loved the poor. He built a special courtyard for them in the monastery. And here poverty of all kinds fed. He allocated a tenth of the monastic income for the poor. Every Saturday he sent a cart of bread to the prisons. His love embraced the criminals too. Once they brought to him thieves caught in the monastery village. Seeing them tied up, he began to cry, ordered them to be untied and fed, then he taught them not to offend others and, having provided them with what they needed, he released them in peace. Concerned about the moral well-being of his children, the Monk Theodosius did not disregard the external state of the monastery. When the number of brethren increased greatly, he expanded the monastery, erected new cells, and surrounded the monastery with a fence. At the end of Theodosius's life, the Pechersky Monastery already owned villages, and Theodosius introduced order in the management of estates 80. When the wooden church became dilapidated and cramped, he decided to build a stone church of the Mother of God. Svyatoslav donated the place for the new church, and he was the first to begin digging a ditch for the foundation of the church. And the church, with various miracles and signs, was founded in 1073. Finally, Theodosius approached the day of his blessed rest. Having learned in advance about his imminent death, he ordered to gather all the brethren who were on obedience in villages or other places. When everyone has gathered, he tells the tiuns, officers and servants that each of them perform the assigned service with zeal and fear of God; then he taught everyone with tears the salvation of the soul and a God-pleasing life, fasting, zeal for the Church and reverent standing in it, brotherly love and obedience. Having taught the instructions, he blessed and dismissed everyone. At first, the brethren did not understand why Theodosius was gathering them; they wondered if he wanted to hide from them in solitude, as before more than once he wanted to retire to a silent place, but was restrained by the brethren and nobles. Meanwhile, Theodosius lay in severe feverish exhaustion; sometimes the cold tormented him, sometimes the fire burned him so much that he could not speak. For three days he was in such a position that they wondered if he had died. Then he stood up and, when the brethren gathered to him, he said: “Brothers and fathers! Now I know that the time of my life is ending, as the Lord revealed to me during my fast in the cave. Just think about who you want me to appoint as abbot.” The brethren answered that they leave this to his will. Theodosius ordered them to consult among themselves about this. When they again granted him the election of abbot, he pointed them to Jacob. The brethren, saying that Jacob was not tonsured in their monastery, turned their choice to a domestic 81. Theodosius, agreeing with their wishes, gave instructions to the new abbot and brethren. The brothers wept. Theodosius, consoling them, said: “I promise you, brothers and fathers, to always be with you in spirit... You yourself will know about my boldness before God: when you see that all the blessings are multiplied in the monastery, you will understand that I am close to the Heavenly Lord.” Having let everyone go, he fell to the ground and burst into tears - this was seen through the crack by his brother, who had always served him. Having prayed, he lay down on the bed, looked up at the sky and with a cheerful face said loudly: “Blessed be God! if so, then I am no longer afraid, but joyfully depart from this world.” Then he gave up his spirit to the Lord, May 3rd, 1074, 65 years old 82. In the year of the saint’s death, there was an extraordinary abundance of everything in the Pechersk monastery. This already assured his disciples that their mentor was close to the good Lord. There were also other signs. “After the death of the blessed one, one boyar was subjected to the strong wrath of the prince. He fervently prayed to God and called for help from St. Feodosia. One day, during a midday nap, our father Theodosius appeared to him and said: “Why are you so sad and think that I have left you? Tomorrow the prince will call you, without any anger towards you.” He saw this not as in a dream, but upon awakening he saw the blessed one coming out of the door. The word was followed by execution. “One man, setting out on a journey, gave his silver to the monk Konon for safekeeping, and another stole it. Konon, in grief over this, prayed to God with tears and called on Theodosius for help, so as not to remain in shame before his trustee. When he fell asleep, Theodosius appeared and said to him: “Why are you grieving? Monk Nicholas, at the instigation of the devil, took the silver given to you and hid it in a cave”; Having shown him the place, he added: “Go, without telling anyone, and take what is yours.” And he actually found silver where Theodosius had shown it. – The cleric of the great St. Sophia Church was very ill, he was burning like on fire; he prayed to God and Rev. Feodosia about his recovery. After that, as soon as he fell asleep, he saw Theodosius give him a stick and say: take this stick and walk; when he took it, he felt relief. He told about this when he himself came to the monastery.” “In 1091, the chronicler writes, the abbot and the brethren of the Pechersk monastery drew up a council and decided: it is indecent for our father Theodosius to lie outside the monastery church - he founded it and gathered the monasteries. Then a place was prepared in the church where to put it.” The abbot himself instructed Nestor to find the relics of St. the chronicler describes them as follows: “the compositions did not disintegrate and only the hair dried on the head.” The next day, “the bishops gathered: Ephraim of Pereyaslavl, Stefan of Vladimir, John of Chernigov, Marin of Yuryev; The abbots of the monasteries also came with the monks and many Orthodox people; They took the relics of Theodosius with incense and candles, brought them to the great church and placed them in the vestibule on the right side on the 14th day of August 83. In 1108, at the request of the blessed abbot Theoktistus and with the consent of the Grand Duke Svyatopolk, Metropolitan Nikifor decided at the council to “inscribe Theodosius in the synodik for all bishops” 84. This also meant that from that time on they began to celebrate everywhere the death of St. Theodosius, and the transfer of his relics. Other monuments show this as well 85. In 1130, George of Rostov, the son of the famous Shimon, who inherited his father’s zeal for the monk, sent 500 hryvnia (pounds) of silver and 50 hryvnia of gold to the Pechersk monastery for the binding of the saint’s shrine, and a magnificent shrine was built 86 . Rev. Theodosius edifies even distant times with his lofty, holy life. But written instructions, unfortunately, not all of them that have reached us are also edifying. Rev. Nestor wrote that Rev. Theodosius “taught the brethren in church with spiritual words. In one manuscript, 6 teachings of St. Theodosius, written along with the teachings of St. Theodore the Studite, whom Theodosius loved so much. They are all short, breathing meekness, simplicity and strength of spirit. “What have we, beloved ones, contributed to this world?” This is what the first lesson says, “and what can we learn from it? Have we not abandoned the world and everything in the world, according to the commandment of Christ: “Whoever does not hate everything and follow Me is not My disciple (Luke 14:25). If anyone loves Me, he will keep My word (John 14:23). Whoever loses his life for My sake will find it” (Matthew 10:39)? Love for God is accomplished not in words, but in deeds. The Lord said: “Whoever abides in My commandments, I will love him and will manifest myself to him” (John 14:21)... Who would not be surprised, beloved, that God can be glorified by our deeds? And how much His love was poured out on us unworthy! “As the Father has loved Me,” He said, “I have loved you; No one has greater love than he sows, but whoever lays down his life for his friends” (John 15:9,13). What should we be like when we hear all this? Isn't our heart on fire? Doesn't our conscience excite us? What good have we done for Him? Why did He choose us and bring us out of our short life? Have we not all turned aside and refused to work for Him? Have we not all followed our own lusts? And He did not despise us, so many wicked ones, and did not abhor our nature?” ... In another teaching, the monk shows that some grumbled at him for feeding the poor in the monastery. To such he says: “It would be fitting for us to feed the poor and wanderers with our labors, but no longer live in idleness and move from cell to cell. You have heard the words of Paul: “I have never lost bread for nothing, but have worked night; and in the day my preaching and my hands have served me also” (2 Thess. 3:8). But we didn’t do anything like that. If the grace of God had not covered us and fed us through God-loving people, what would we have gained through our labors? Shall we say that for our singing, for our fasting and vigil, all this is brought to us? But we do not want to pray for any of those who offer... We, beloved, should not save only for ourselves what is sent by God through God-loving people for mental and physical benefit. We must also give to others in need. “It is better to give than to receive” (Acts 20:35). Blessed, it is said, is he who regards the poor and the wretched: on the day of cruelty the Lord will deliver him (Ps. 40:2). And again: “the blessings of mercy, for there will be mercy” (Matthew 5:7). Let us not be like those obstinate ones who fell for their bellies in the desert... What did you bring from the estates to this place? Or what did I demand from you when I accepted you into the monastery? God's love for mankind gives us everything to the poor, through the prayers of St. Mother of God." In the third lesson, he teaches patience, reminding the monks of their initial zeal for exploits and vows. In the fourth, instructions are given to go to church diligently, stand reverently in it and sing modestly. In the fifth, he accuses the monks of negligence. In the sixth he speaks of dividing tithes from the yearly time to the Lord. This teaching is repeated by Nestor in the chronicle 87. In addition, two or three more teachings of St. Theodosius and two letters to Prince Izyaslav 88. The most remarkable teaching is “about executions,” which was spoken, apparently, not for the monks alone, but for the people. It was also preserved in the chronicle of Nestor and was said after the unfortunate battle with the Polovtsians in 1067 89. Let's repeat it here. “God brings upon us plagues, like the pagans, out of His wrath, because we do not turn to Him. Civil strife occurs at the instigation of the devil and from evil people. God does not want evil to people, but only good. But the devil rejoices in everything bad between people. He is our primordial enemy. He wants murder and bloodshed and stirs up quarrels, murder, envy, hatred of his brother, and slander. When a country has sinned gravely, God punishes it with death, or famine, or attack by pagans, or lack of rain, or other execution. Shall we not bring repentance, as He commands? He says through the prophet: “turn to Me with your heart, by fasting and weeping” (Joel 2:12). If we remained in the commandments of God, then here we would enjoy earthly blessings and there, upon leaving the world, we would receive eternal life. But we always, like pigs, wallow in the mud of sin, adding sins to sins, angering God in everything, doing evil in His sight. That is why the prophet tells us: “I understood that you are cruel and lazy and stony-hearted to do your will, for this reason I withheld the rain from you and the only limit of rain that drained the earth from your fields and struck you with various plagues. Either way, do not turn to Me (Amos.4:7,8). For this reason your vines and every tree that bears fruit, and your fields, and have plucked up everything, says the Lord, but I cannot wipe out your evils.” Sends various misfortunes, will you not refrain from your evils in repentance? “I have sent a heavy death upon you and upon your livestock, and have taken from you all the comfort of your food: but do not turn to Me either, but rest: we will still take courage. How long will you not be satisfied with your wickedness?.. Turn to Me and I will return to you” (Isaiah 29:13). That's why you don't get what you ask for. “It will happen, it is said, when you call on Me, and I will not listen to you; They will seek Me evil and will not return me” (Proverbs 1:28). That is why God closes the sky and does not send rain, or opens it but for harm; releasing hail, destroying the fruits with frost, tormenting the earth with heat, for our iniquities. If we repent of our evils, then just as God gives all good things to His children—he sends the early and late rain, the threshing floors are filled with wheat. “The wine press and the oil press will spill, and I will repay you for the years, even the girdles, and the crunch, and the caterpillar” (Joel 2:23–25). Hearing this, let us move towards good. Seek justice, deliver the offended. Let's repent. Let us not repay evil for evil, nor slander for slander. Let us cleave to God with love; With fasting, weeping, and tears we will wash away all our sins. We call ourselves Christians, but we live like pagans. Are we acting paganly by believing in meetings? If anyone meets a black or blueberry, he returns back; the same if we meet a pig or a hairless horse. Isn't this a pagan thing? At the instigation of the devil, they adhere to this divination. Others believe in sneezing, when it is often bad for the health of the head. – The devil deceives us with other customs, diverting God from us, such as sorcery, sorcery, fornication, drunkenness, passion for growth, theft, lies, envy, slander, trumpets, buffoons, harps and mermaids. Here at the games there are a lot of people crowding around, pushing each other, putting on a spectacle of the work of demons, and the churches stand empty - when it is time for prayer, there are few of them there.” It goes on to say that one must stand reverently in church. “Now, when we stand in church, how dare we laugh or whisper? The damned devil inspires us to laugh and whisper, while we stand before the King of Heaven. Are we not worthy of torment for this?.. I pray to you, friends, let us stand in prayer with fear and love for each other. Let us worthily say in prayer: “may my prayer be corrected, like incense before You, the lifting of my hand.” If your hands have not committed any robbery, you say well, “Lifting up my hand.” Examine your hands to see if they are clean from robbery and snatching. If you robbed, or took interest and tavern purchases, or offended another in any way, which is prohibited by holy scripture; then do not talk about retribution and do not lift up your hands before you are cleansed from evil. Know also, beloved children, that St. Our fathers, as they established the days of fasting according to the teaching of the Lord and according to the commandment of the Apostles, so they commanded to celebrate St. holidays, but celebrate not physically, but spiritually, so that we do not work in the belly while drunk, but pray to God about our sins and feed the poor... Oh! woe, and I will also say – woe to those who are drunk! By drinking we drive away our guardian angel and call upon ourselves the demon; By drunkenness we move away from the Holy Spirit and approach hell... The devil, rejoicing, says: I have never been so pleased with the sacrifices of pagans as with the drunkenness of Christians - all the works of my will are done in drunkenness... Hearing this, let us try, brethren, to work for the Lord and fulfill His commandments... To Him be glory" 90 . For monastic villages it was written by St. Theodosius has a wonderful “word of the lover of Christ,” with a denunciation of two-faith Christians, 91 those who, while professing the Christian faith, also performed the rituals of paganism. “How Elijah the Tishbite was jealous of the Lord Almighty and killed the priests of idols, numbering up to 300; Likewise, this lover of Christ (who writes these lines) cannot tolerate Christians living in two faiths. They believe in Perun, in Khorsa, in Mokoia, in Sima, in Regla 92, in Vila 93, who are considered to be 30 sisters. The ignorant say and think that these are goddesses; they put sacrifices for them, slaughter chickens 94. They pray to the fire, calling it Svarozhich 95. Even garlic is considered a deity: when there is a feast, they put (it) in buckets and bowls and drink, rejoicing over their idols 96. Those who do this while in faith and in baptism are no better than heretics and Jews. Not only the ignorant, but also believing priests and bookish people do this. Although the leaders do not do this, they drink the drink and eat that sacrificial food; if they do not drink or eat, but see the evil deeds of those, or do not see, but hear about them, and yet do not want to admonish them. The prophet says about such people: “the hearts of these people are hardened, their ears are hard to hear, and their eyes are closed.” Paul tells the Romans, “The wrath of God is revealed against all ungodliness and unrighteousness of those who hold the truth in unrighteousness.” The Lord Himself said: Many shepherds have destroyed My vineyard. Shepherds are bookish people, the vineyard is faith, and through bad shepherds and foolish teachers people perish in the faith. If they do not give up the damned prayer and devilish service, then they will inherit eternal fire, and bad shepherds will set them on fire if they do not turn them away from that satanic work... It is said: woe to the man by whom the world is tempted. The Lord said: whoever teaches good will be called great in the Kingdom of Heaven. Paul says to the Romans: “Although you have many teachers, you do not have many fathers; I gave birth to you by the gospel; Therefore I pray: be like me.” Priests and bookish people! be like Paul, the great teacher. Teach people goodness; turn them away from the devil’s delusion, so that in true faith they serve the true God. Let you also say before God with the prophet: here am I and my children whom You gave to me, I gave birth to them by teaching, for this you benefit from food, drink and gifts from them. If you don’t want to teach them, then don’t join them... What kind of communication does Christ have with the demon? What kind of communication is there with those who serve demons? Paul says to the Corinthians: “I wrote to you, brethren, have no fellowship with a lover of interest, nor with a robber, nor with an innkeeper, nor with one who serves idols.” Their hearts are in frantic drunkenness. They drank and ate and began to dance. Christians should not perform demonic games, dancing, singing on the whistle, worldly songs and idol sacrifices offered under the barn to Fire, Pitchfork, Mokosh, Sim, Regla, Perun, Rod and Rozhanitsy 97 and other similar things. This is the teaching taught to us at the end of the ages. Let it not be in vain that we denied Satan and all his works at baptism. If we made a promise to Christ, why don’t we serve Him, but serve the demons and do everything that pleases them, to the destruction of our souls? We don’t just do bad things, but we mix pure prayers with cursed idolatry. They offer kutya, other dishes, a lawful lunch to the Family or the Rozhanitsa, to the wrath of God... The Lord said: “a servant cannot serve two masters; he will love one and hate the other.” So we, brothers, will hate the devil and love Christ. We have been baptized into Christ, have put on Him, we eat His bread and drink His cup and are healthy. Paul says: “I forbid you to partake of the table of demons, otherwise you cannot drink the cup of the Lord and participate in the Lord’s table. If anyone says to you, “This is an idol’s sacrifice,” do not eat it. Whether you eat or drink, do everything for the glory of God, the earth is the Lord’s and all its ends”... Why not accept those who offer reasonable instruction for our salvation? I hope in your mind that I am not saying this in vain. I advise you to study this conversation in order to be useful to others. Free yourself from the snare of the devil. Let us approach the pure light of our Lord Jesus Christ. The wicked, the disobedient, those who oppose sound doctrine, those who rebuke father and mother will not inherit the glory of God.” Holy Martyrs Timothy and Maura They suffered in 286 during the reign of Diocletian, by order of the Thebaid ruler Arian (later a martyr - his memory is on December 14). St. Timothy was at the church - in the position of reader. Such people, who were important in the Christian community, were predominantly persecuted by the pagan authorities, who, through them, sought to exterminate the influential mentors of Christians. Therefore, Timothy was taken, after which they demanded that he hand over church books, which the pagans tried to destroy, as one of the most powerful weapons that contributed to the knowledge and spread of the Christian faith. - Which people would agree to put their children to death? - Timothy objected to this demand, “let it be known to you, ruler, that the books copied by me are my beloved children, and when I read books about God, then the angels of God stand before me.” To the subsequent demand to make sacrifices to the gods, Timothy replied: “The spirit of Christ dwells in me and therefore I do not make sacrifices to the pagan gods,” and to threats to subject him to torture, calmly looking at the instruments of execution displayed in front of him, he firmly objected: “I will neither offer sacrifices nor show books to the persecutors of my faith.” Then it was ordered that the Christian be tortured. Seeing, however, that they were powerless to persuade him to renounce his faith, the tormentors decided to act on him differently: by order of the hegemon, a young, beautiful, in all the splendor of luxurious clothes, his wife Mavra, who had been married to him for only a few days, was brought to Timothy. At the sight of her, could Timofey not be moved by pity, could he not be carried away by his love for her and the tempting impulse for earthly happiness? - This is what the tormentors assumed, for whom comprehension of the Christian soul is inaccessible. Indeed, at the sight of his wife, an impulse towards his lawful, innocent and therefore high earthly happiness could awaken in the martyr. But he instantly curbed his natural impulse. - Father! - he exclaimed, calling from the crowd present at his torment, his father-presbyter, - I ask you, wrap a veil around my face so that I don’t see or hear even the aroma of perfumed women’s clothes... The young woman stood in bewilderment at the sight of her exhausted husband, who did not want to see her. – Can I help you, and what can I do for you? “- she anxiously asked her husband, “Isn’t it because you are not able to pay the royal tax that they are torturing you?” If so, then I will sell my precious clothes, I will sell everything we have, so that you can pay off the debt... – What can you do for me? - Timofey responded; - you can leave the vanity of the world and go with me to the feat for the sake of Christ, our Savior... “When I went to you,” answered Mavra, “my heart was filled with worldly passions... but now, at your words, the Spirit of God entered me and I desire the same thing that you loved!” “If you are telling the truth,” said Timothy, “then go and expose the ruler of his wickedness... – I’m afraid that I won’t be able to withstand the torment that the enraged ruler will betray me to... I’m so young, I’m only seventeen years old... “Trust in God and He will give you strength to endure torment,” said Timothy and began to pray: God of all grace, who miraculously saves everyone as a testimony of Your love for mankind! Look also upon Thy servant Maura! You united us in the sacrament of marriage, do not separate us in the upcoming feat, and may we not be excommunicated from the face of the holy martyrs!.. Then, inspired by the Holy Spirit, Mavra approached the ruler and said to him: – You attracted me here and promised me rich rewards in order to destroy my soul... but you will not defeat me with your promises... I have put on the weapon of my God - Christ and by His strength I boldly stand before you... “Do you really prefer death to life?” - the amazed ruler asked her, and after many persuasion to turn her away from what he considered madness, he ordered the young woman to be tortured. The Lord wonderfully strengthened the new martyr. She endured all the trials. Seeing her steadfastness, Arian ordered the young spouses to be crucified on crosses, facing each other. They remained in this position for nine days, consoling and encouraging each other. On the tenth day we were freed from torment for eternal blissful reward... In Constantinople, the memory of the holy martyrs Timothy and Maura was subsequently solemnly celebrated in a church founded in their honor near the palaces of Justinian; from this they conclude that this church contained their relics or part of their relics 98. Celebration of the Kiev-Pechersk Icon of the Mother of God This holy icon was brought in 1085 from Constantinople to Kyiv by four Greek stone builders, and they received it from the Mother of God herself with the instruction to build a church in Kyiv in her name. See Kyiv Patericon. Nowadays it is located in the main church of the Kiev-Pechersk Lavra above the royal doors and is lowered daily for the Bogomolets between the early and late liturgy; countless fans testify to the universal and reverent veneration of this icon. Feast of the Svensko-Pechersk Icon of the Mother of God The icon is located in the Svensky Monastery, which is 2 versts from the city of Bryansk, Oryol diocese. This icon was brought in 1283 to the Prince of Bryansk, Roman Mikhailovich, who lost his sight and, having heard about miraculous healings from the miraculous image of the Pechersk Mother of God, sent alms to the Kiev-Pechersk Monastery and a request to send him a copy of that icon. On the advice of the brethren, Archimandrite Pechersk released the icon on a boat along the Desna River with a priest. During the voyage, those who accompanied St. The icon had to spend the night in the Sven River. Getting up in the morning, they went into the boat to pray to the icon of the Mother of God; but she was not found in the boat, but was found on a mountain opposite the Svin or Sven River standing on an oak tree between the branches. This appearance of the icon, from which it began to be called Svenskaya, was announced to Prince Roman. He and the sacred cathedral went on foot to where the icon stood. During the journey, the prince, having reached the place where the Svensky Monastery now stands, sighing from the depths of his heart with tears, said: “O most wonderful Lady Theotokos, Mother of Christ our God! Let me, O Lady, see with my eyes and behold the light and your miraculous image, as soon as I can see from this place to all four countries, I will come to your house and build a church and monastery where you have loved the place.” At that very moment he saw a small path in front of him and ordered to put a cross there. When they came to the tree where the icon stood, the prince loudly called out: “Most Holy Lady, Lady Virgin Mary! Hear the voice of my prayer and give insight to my eyes!” - at that very moment the prince began to see more than before and ordered the miraculous icon of the Mother of God to be removed from the tree. The bishop withdrew; they kissed her with reverence, kissed her and served a prayer service, after which the prince himself and all those who were with him began to cut down trees with their own hands; Soon a church was built in the name of the Dormition of the Mother of God. The prince built a monastery and generously allocated money; and overlaid the miraculous icon with gold and silver. In memory of the appearance of the icon on the Sven River, a holiday was established on May 3rd. Quite some time has passed since the founding of the monastery; the frame of the miraculous icon has deteriorated; The abbot of the Svensky Monastery asked Tsar Ivan Vasilyevich for permission to redo the frame on the icon. The Tsar ordered to bring the icon to him in Moscow and remake the frame, for which he added gold, silver and precious stones from himself. The frame was completed at the age of three and the icon was released with a prayer service to the Svensky Monastery. The intercession of the Mother of God for the sake of her Svensk icon is credited with repeatedly saving Bryansk from the invasion of enemies. In 1812, when hordes of the French were rushing to Bryansk, the residents of it and its environs made a religious procession around the city with the miraculous Svensk Icon of the Mother of God, asking her for the intercession of the city, and were soon consoled by the news that the troops marching on Bryansk had been returned. In gratitude for delivering Bryansk from ruin, its residents in 1815 arranged a golden robe with crowns for the miraculous Svenskaya icon of the Mother of God, and an annual religious procession was established around the city with St. icon of August 17th. Nestor's life of Feodosius Ave. - in the Record. Academician book 2 dept. 2. pp. 121–192. Original according to the RKP. XII century printed in reading M. General East. 1858 book. 3. From Nestor’s Life of St. Theodosius we will take only what relates to Theodosius; other news has its place. Let us supplement and explain the “life” with the chronicle, the legend of Simon and other monuments, but everywhere trying to keep the words of Nestor. In the anthologion: “be from the city of Vasilyev, near Malago Novgorod” by Volynsky. Nowadays it is considered 36 versts from Kiev to Vasilev. If Theodosius came from Vasilyev to Kursk for 10 years, and he died in 1074, 65 years old; it is clear that Kursk already existed in 1019 and Theodosius was born in 1009. In the Akakiev list of the life of Feodosiev, the indication of the time of Feodosiev’s tonsure is: “in l. 6540 (1032) with book. pious Yaroslav Vladimirovich,” written in cinnabar, as if not written by Nestor’s hand. But the words are also written here in cinnabar: “I want to confess about the holy luminary,” or the words: “but we will return to the first confession” (Izvestia Acad. 5:148). And no one can take these words away from Nestor. - In addition, the same year of the tonsure of Theodosius is shown in the chronicles, and such an indication of the time of tonsure is in accordance with the circumstances of the life of St. Anthony and Theodosius (Hist. Russian Church. I, 247). This year of election is clearly shown in the Sophia L. (collection l.5:139) and not directly - in 2 Novgorod. l. (collection l.3:122) and in Supraslsk. (page 14.128). Kalnofoi Teraturgima, w druk. Kiowpecz. 1638 p. 8. This place is now the Church of the Nativity of the Virgin Mary. Kalnofoisky says that in 1635, when rebuilding this church, they wanted to level the hill on which the church stands; but no matter how much they dug the ground with spades, the hill did not decrease, and finally they heard a voice: “Work in vain, it is not the will of God,” R. 8. In the life of Theodosius, Nestor says that in 1062 Theodosius built a monastery in a new place and transferred monks here. But the chronicle attributes the construction of a monastery in a new place to Varlaam. Of course, it happened like this: Varlaam, having started building a monastery over the cave, only managed to build a small church (“church”), but did not have time to do more than that. Theodosius continued to build cells and friends in the new place. buildings, built a larger church, and in 1062 he and his brethren completely moved to the monastery. Then he began to acquaint the brethren with the Studite Charter according to the list of Ephraim (the life of Theodosius). When the monk Michael, who arrived in 1068 with Metropolitan George, brought with him complete and accurate information about the Studio Charter, Theodosius introduced this charter into his monastery in its entirety (Collected l. 1:69). Life of Theodosius; collection l. 1, 79. About the Feodosieva cave and the cave monastery, near the village of Lesnikov, Kievlyanin for 1840 and 1841. Anthologion: “pr. Theodosius, during the days of Great Lent, on damp evenings throughout the summer, kissed and retreated into the cave, taking with him a few prosphoras, and closed the door about him; and remained in silence, and prayer and bowing to God, passing the fourty days of fasting; and went out again to the brethren on Friday Lazarus Saturday and celebrated with them, teaching them.” Life of Theodosius, chronicle. 1, 81. Simon tale about the building church “Friends and villages went into care... The monastery came to me, saying, “Like a stable, there is a dwelling for the demons”... Theodosius prayed and drove away the demons, “who were mischievous in his area... If they happened to pass the only monastery village... Commanded to gather all the brethren and hedgehogs in the villages - to begin the kazaty tiuns, guards and servants.” We consider it probable that the beautiful “word of a lover of Christ, a zealot for the right faith,” against two-faith Christians (ed. with Buslaev’s variants in Christ. 519–523) belongs to Rev. Feodosius and written by him for the monastery villages. Life of Theodosius; collection l. 1, 80. Collection l. 1, 79. 80. 5, 147–149. 7, 342–344. Sl. July 10 approx. 118. Collection l. 1, 89. 90. 5, 149. Collection l. 1, 120. VII, 21. IX, 141. In the monthly calendar of the 13th century. shown on May 3, the death of the Rev. Theodosius and the transfer of relics on May 31 (Mus. Roman. pp. 405 and 712). The latter is because the council of 1108 established this on the occasion of the new transposition of the relics. In two stichera of the Synodal b. XII century (No. 279 and 572) – stichera of St. Theodosius for May 2. In the Synodal menea of ​​the 12th century. (No. 168) service of Rev. Feodosia. In the chronicle under 1230: “the holiday was celebrated on the day of St. Father Theodosius (May 3).” Collection l. 1, 79. Mue. Rumyantsev No. 406. Review Spirit. liter. § 15. Messages ed. at Rev. Makaria in East. Russian Church 2, 295–299, or rather from Buslaev in Christ. 515–519. Collection l. 1, 72–73. Nikon. l. collection l. IX, 94. 95. A word about executions according to the RKP. and through the summer. ed. Sukhomlinov: about the ancient Russian chronicle, St. Petersburg. 1856 pp. 79–82. Buslaev published it from a manuscript, where it is preceded by two letters of Theodosius to Prince. Izyaslav. See pr. 35. Confirmation that this word belongs to St. Theodosius is both its content and the reverend’s jealousy. Theodosius, who challenged him to disputes with the Jews. Sl. pr. 77. Nestor: “Place (Vladimir) idols on the hill outside the courtyard of the tower: Perun is made of wood, and his head is made of silver, and his mustache is gold, and Khors and Dazh-god and Stribol and Sima, Ryla and Mokosh.” Letop. The Serbs and other Slavs still have traditions about the Vilas, supernatural creatures living in the water, like mermaids. Kirik: “Even for this family and women in labor they steal bread and orchards and honey - terebs.” To Ipat. sp. letop. Svarog is called the father of Dazh-God, the sun deity. In Galicia, a custom has still been preserved on the holiday of carols - to place an onion of garlic in front of each of those feasting at the table to ward off diseases. Rod is the owner of life. In a collection of the 15th century: “there is only one immortal and indestructible Creator: I breathed on the face the spirit of life and became a man in the living soul. That is not the Rod, gray in the air, throwing piles on the ground and children are born in that... For everyone is the creator of God, not the Rod.” In the paremeinika of 1271, Rozhanitsy corresponds to the Greek Τύχη happiness, occasion. "Poly. months East”, vol. II, part 2, p. 121.