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St. torment. Trophima, Savvatiya and Dorimedonta Once a pagan holiday was celebrated in Antioch, sacrifices were made, drunkenness and disorder occurred. The pious men Trofim and Savvaty, who came to the city at that time, sighed at the blinding of the pagans and said with tears: “God, look down from heaven and pluck these people from the power of the evil one!” The pagans, seeing Christians in them, took them to the mayor Atticus, and after interrogation, Trofimus ordered him to be tortured and imprisoned. Then Savvaty asked: “What rank are you?” Savvaty answered: “My rank, fatherland, glory and wealth are Christ, the Son of God.” The judge struck him, ordered him to make a sacrifice to the gods, and when the righteous man spoke reproachfully about them, he ordered them to be hanged and flogged with a sharp iron. Savvaty died in these torments. Trofim was sent to suffer torment in the city of Sinnad, in Phrygia, where the ruler Dionysius ordered him to be beaten with harsh sinews, vinegar and mustard poured into his nostrils, and his sides cut off. The holy martyr consoled himself with the words of Scripture: the righteous have many sorrows, and the Lord will deliver him from all of them (Ps. 23:20). “I advise you to make a sacrifice to the gods,” said the judge. “I will not deny my true God,” answered the martyr. They poured vinegar and salt on his wounds and burned his ribs with fire; Finally they threw him into prison. Tu was visited by his senator, that is, a member of the local city senate, Dorimedont, a pious Christian, who washed and bandaged his wounds. It happened that the ruler was at a festival in the church; not seeing Doremirodnt, he sent for him. Dorimedont told the messengers: “I am a Christian, and I should not go to these holidays.” Then they brought him in by force and tortured him. Finally, he was beheaded along with Trofim (282 years old). † Blessed Prince Theodore of Yaroslavl and his sons Konstantin and David Theodore Rostislavich Cherny, the noble prince of Smolensk and Yaroslavl, was the son of the Smolensk prince Rostislav Mstislavich and the great-grandsons of Monomakh. According to his ancient biographer, 238 brought up in the fear of God, he was God-loving even in his youth, and at the same time he was distinguished by military courage and courage. – He had two brothers, princes Gleb and Mikhail. After the death of his father, his brothers treated him unfairly: they gave him only Mozhaisk from the principality; but he did not argue with them. The smart, kind prince of Mozhaisk knew how to arrange his small town in such a way that it soon became both populous and prosperous. - He married the daughter of the Prince of Yaroslavl, Prince. Vasily Vsevolodovich, Maria, the only heir to the Yaroslavl principality. This was around 1267. 239 - It seemed that this marriage union was happy; but his mother-in-law loved to be first and was a woman with a strong character. Only displeasure on the part of the brothers forced the prince. Theodora lived in Yaroslavl, where Maria gave birth to his son Mikhail. In 1277, he and some other princes, at the behest of Khan Mengu-Temir, went with troops to the Horde to fight with the khan’s troops against the Iasi, who did not want to pay tribute to the Tatars. The Russian princes reached Derbent and subdued Iasi, taking rich booty and captives. The Khan was pleased with the princes; but the courageous Prince Theodore especially drew his attention to himself. 240 Having then married his daughter to the son of Prince Belozersky, Prince Theodore, by the will of the khan, went (1278) with his son-in-law to war in Bulgaria, where some tramp took upon himself the person of a man destined by heaven to free Bulgaria from the Tatars; the impostor was defeated. Theodore's exploits brought him favor in the Horde, where he was received with excellent attention. 241 Prince Theodore served at the khan's court as a favorite, highly respected. His masculine beauty, tall stature, and the same intelligence captivated the queen so much that she offered him the hand of her daughter. 242 Theodore replied that he had a wife, the daughter of a prince, and he, as a Christian, could not have another. But when he, at the risk of his life, rejected the flattering offer of the powerful Khansha, upon his return to Russia, his mother-in-law, Princess Ksenia, did not let him into Yaroslavl, showered him with abuse and declared that there was a legitimate prince of Yaroslavl, showered him with abuse and announced that there was a legitimate prince of Yaroslavl, Prince Mikhail. Even the mediation of the Horde ambassador could not overcome the stubbornness of the power-hungry mother-in-law. The good prince did not want to call upon the formidable wrath of the Khan on his homeland, and the Lord sent him other help: the death of his brothers brought him the Smolensk principality in 1280: here he appointed his nephew, Alexander Glebovich, as his governor, in order to have freedom to deal with the affairs of Yaroslavl. 243 Spouse of St. Prince, Maria, died. “He went to the horde, where he was received with the same favor. There was only one obstacle left for his marriage to the khan's daughter - her faith. Hansha was not averse to her daughter being a Christian. The Khan took it upon himself to submit the matter to the patriarch for permission. Bishop Feognost of Sarai went as ambassador from Mengu-Temir to Constantinople. The Patriarch allowed the marriage of Prince Theodore with the khan's daughter, so that she would accept Christianity; 244 at that time the emperor’s daughter, Euphrosyne, was already married to Nogai, khan of the Nogai horde. 245 The daughter of Mengu-Temir was named Anna in baptism and entered into a Christian marriage with Prince. Theodore. The Khan assigned several cities to his son-in-law and daughter for maintenance; With the permission of the khan, the pious khan built more than one church in the uluses of the horde. This was a great blessing for thousands of Christians, who were either in the retinue of the Russian princes under the khan, or who were converted into involuntary servants by the Murzas. - Blazh. the prince did not change in happiness: as before, he loved his Lord more than anything and tried for the glory of His name. 246 Meanwhile, the dreams of the power-hungry Ksenia dissipated: book. Mikhail died. Blagov. Prince Theodore went to Yaroslavl with his wife and two sons David and Konstantin, born in the horde. The residents of Yaroslavl did not want to accept him even now; but the book Theodore and the Smolensk army forced them to submit, and the perpetrators of the indignation. According to the will of the khan, they were punished. Letter of 1284 to the Bishop of Riga on trade relations between Smolensk and Riga, written on behalf of Prince. Theodore Rostislavich of Smolensk, shows that Prince. Theodore, at the same time, diligently cared about the happiness of his subjects in the Smolensk principality, remaining the main ruler there. 247 A letter to him from the Archbishop of Riga, written around the same time, says that the noble prince strictly stood up for the grievances of his subjects who were conducting trade business with the Germans. 248 This, however, did not prevent him from deciding at the same time: “I judged Borel and Armanovich about the German bell. Borel is right, and Armanovich is wrong. “I gave Armanovich and the court to the Germans for the bell.” 249 The decision is exemplary in impartiality! But it almost gave rise to the fact that in 1285 the Bryansk prince Roman rebelled against Theodore and Smolensk: They complained to Roman about the insult of the Vitebsk residents by the Riga residents, which, according to the court of Prince. Theodora turned out to be unproven. And Roman dreamed of being the best judge - the prince in Smolensk. But Smolensk was not given to him: the city was well fortified. 250 The noble prince cared a lot about the well-being of Yaroslavl - he spread it and surrounded it with an earthen rampart. He built several churches in it, endowed them with books and utensils, St. I decorated the icons with stones and pearls. He especially loved the Spassky Monastery: he often visited it, prayed there, gave alms to the poor, and fed the brethren. His pious grandson, Prince, also testifies to this love for the monastery of the Savior. Vasily Davidovich: in his letter he writes that, in accordance with the letter of his grandfather, he determines the salary of 2 rubles for the monks of the Spassky monastery. 251 Prince's wife Theodora Anna imitated him in virtues; she built the church of the Archangel Michael, supplied him and parables with everything they needed. 252 Given the frequent unrest and civil strife of that time, it is not surprising that the pious Prince Theodore was involved in the sad events of that time. According to the chronicles, from 1293 he took the side of Prince Andrei against his brother. book Dimitri. We cannot doubt that Prince Theodore was offended mainly by the fact that Prince Dimitri sought and found help from Nogai, who insidiously and hostilely acted against the son of Mengu-Temirov and subjected Russia to the tyranny of two cruel rulers. - Prince Andrei, in order to better win Theodore over to his side, offered him Pereyaslavl; but then, having made peace with his brother, he forced Theodore to leave this city in shame, and the Tatars burned Pereyaslavl. 253 This variability of Prince Andrei was all the more difficult for Prince Theodore because when (1297) his nephew Prince Alexander Glebovich declared himself the sovereign prince of Smolensk, Prince Andrei, now the Grand Duke, did not think of defending Prince Theodore against his nephew. - The noble prince was already old; but he did not want his children to be deprived of their legal part in the hereditary Smolensk principality. In 1298, he went with an army to Smolensk, which his nephew completely took possession of, in violation of the rights of both him and his children. 254 Tsar Ivan the Terrible, who in his irritability did not spare anyone or anything, wrote to Prince Kurbsky, a descendant of blessings, to justify his deeds. Prince Theodore: “Prince Theodore Rostistavich, your ancestor, shed a lot of blood in Smolensk on Easter, and it is due to the saints.” 255 The chronicle says this: “Prince Theodore of Yaroslavl gathered a lot of troops and went to war to Smolensk against his nephew Alexander Glebovich and, fighting, retreated and returned to Yaroslavl,” 256 or, as another chronicle says: “he fought for many days near the city and did not take it, for it was very strong, and returned to Yaroslavl.” 257 If Prince Theodore could not enter the city, but fought only under the city, then he could not shed much blood. Consequently, the Terrible Tsar, in his desire to justify his savage cruelty, says more than should be said about the holy prince. Out of the inspiration of pride, we excuse our weaknesses with holy examples that are not at all applicable to us. Upon returning from Smolensk, the noble prince, burdened by old age, began to feel the proximity of death. In September 1298 he lay ill. On September 17, the bells were rung in the courtyard of the Holy Mother of God. People gathered at the prince's courtyard and began to cry. The prince was carried, at his request, through the entire city to the Spassky Monastery. - When they placed him here in the church vestibule, - to the abbot’s question: “What have you come, brother? Do you wish to be worthy of the image of an angel? The prince, raising his hands to the sky, said: “With all my soul, my Lord and Creator, I am ready to work for You,” and, turning to the abbot, added: “Yes, honorable father.” After he was tonsured, they carried him to the abbot’s courtyard, where he spent the whole day saying goodbye to everyone, confessing to everyone the sins and mistakes of his life and giving forgiveness to others. Calling the princess and the children to him, he said goodbye to them, ordering the children to follow his instructions. Late in the evening he asked the abbot to clothe him with the schema and then told everyone to leave except the abbot and a few brothers. During the morning singing, when they began to sing the third glory of the psalter, he protected himself with the sign of the cross and gave up his spirit to God; it was September 19th 1298 258 His sons, David and Constantine, inherited the piety of their father; the youngest died celibate and was laid next to his father in the Spassky monastery; David ruled the Yaroslavl principality for 23 years and, leaving two sons, Vasily and Mikhail, died peacefully. The chronicle from 1463 says: “in Yaroslavl, in the monastery of the Holy Savior, three princes lay on top of the ground, Prince Theodore Rostislavich of Smolensk and Yaroslavl, his sons Konstantin and David; Prince Theodore is a tall man, and they were lying under his arms. The abbot and the cathedral priests at the meeting decided to place the relics right there in the ground, in the church itself. They announced this to the head of the city, Prince Alexander of Yaroslavl. He agreed to this and wanted to build a stone tomb, cover it with an expensive cover and put candles. When the priests, monks, laymen and Prince Alexander, their great-grandson, gathered, and when they took the relics: God healed first of all the Theotokos priest and his son; They washed his relics with water, and from that water two blind women received their sight. After that, they notified everyone and started calling; people began to come and venerate the relics. And they no longer lowered them into the ground. They reported this to Bishop Tryphon of Rostov, since the city was in his bishopric; but he didn’t trust. April 3 God healed a demon-possessed and blind man at their tomb; On April 20, a blind girl and a demon-possessed husband and wife were healed; On May 10, a blind man and a sick youth were healed by the miracle workers; June 25 - four women were healed - three were blind, and the fourth was one who was gnawing her body.” In 1467, Archbishop Tryphon sent Archpriest Constantine to examine both the relics and the news of their miracles. Upon arrival in Yaroslavl, the archpriest considered himself greatly offended by the fact that he was not met by the abbot, and angrily demanded that the church be immediately opened to him and the relics shown to him. Not only that, he boldly tore off part of the monastic clothing from the holy prince. But this cost him dearly: suddenly he fell, struck by an invisible force, became numb, and his body seemed to have died. The hegumen arrived and served a prayer service to the miracle workers, sprinkled water on the poor man, and he came to life, but still remained relaxed. Archbishop Tryphon, hearing about this, was horrified, became weak, and refused the throne in order to spend the rest of his life in repentance. 259 Kurbsky wrote that the body of Saint Prince Theodore remained incorruptible for so many years, smelled better than aromas and exuded healing with the grace of the Holy Spirit, as the king himself knows. The terrible king, in his answer to Kurbsky, could not help but admit that “the holy noble prince Theodore Rostislavich, with his prayers, through the action of the Holy Spirit, raised Queen Anastasia from the gates of death.” 260 Life is good. book Theodore was described by the priest. Anthony under Metropolitan Philip 1, shortly after the discovery of the relics of St. prince, trace around 1470. This description is placed, but with changes, in Art. book 1.392–397 and in Nikon. l. 3, 62–68. The oldest list of him is in muses. Rumyantsev No. 305. The description is distinguished by its colorful and elegant style, and the writer, apparently, did not know much about St. Theodore. Collection years. VII, 170. Daughter of the book. Theodora was given in marriage to the prince. Mikhail Glebovich Belozersky in 1278 (Karamz. 4, pr. 158). In the genealogy of the book. Theodora (temporary general history X, 54) is told: “the daughter of the prince understood for himself. Yaroslavl took Vasilyev Vsevolodovich Yaroslavsky, Princess Marya, as a dowry and reigned in Yaroslavl for years. 6788 (1280)". The latter is incorrect, unless we mean the reign that followed the death of the prince. Mikhail Feodorovich. Collection years. 1, 227. V, 199. VII, 173. Nik. years. 3, 64. Collection years. VII, 174. Years. at Karamz. 4, pr. 158. Nick. years. 2, 66. According to the RCP. "original" St. Theodore <old in years, grey-haired in appearance, with a gray, unforked beard, tall and handsome in body, with an intelligent look; on the head of the schema." Sakharov on icon painting, p. 45. St. Petersburg. 1849. According to the RKP. and the printed prologue “the king always commanded him (Prince Theodore) to stand before him and took the cup from his hand and held it with him for three years.” He spent about a year (in 1278) on the Bulgarian campaign; then he remained in the horde until 1280. Collection years. VII, 174. Nikon. years. 3, 64. 67. 62. About the embassy of Bishop Theognostus in 1279. Collected. 7 years old 174. Nikon. years. 3, 68. Karamz. 4, pr. 181. Pachymer hist. lib. 3, p. 26. r. 149. Degree. book 1, 395, says that the hav gave his son-in-law 36 cities to support him - Chernigov, Bolgars, Kumans, Korsun, Arsk, Kazan. Karamzin wants to consider Anna Nogai’s daughter; but if he knew the work of Jerome. Anthony, which repeats the degree. book, then he would not distrust the latter and come up with arbitrary assumptions; he considers Mengu-Temir a fanatic of Mohammedanism, and he was a pagan, a strict adherent of Chinggis's law. Grigoriev on the reliability of labels, p. 48. M. 1843. Collection gram. 2, No. 3, in addition to Sreznevsky. to review memorable language. Certificates of demolition. Russia with Riga No. 3. St. Petersburg. 1857 Letop. at Karamz. 4, pr. 171. Sl. Riga gram. No. 3. Karamz. 4, pr. 328. East. Hier. VI, 229. So according to the RKP. life of the book Theodora and to the steppe. book 1, 383. In 1692, a case was made about the relics of princesses Anastasia, Ksenia and Prince Michael, found on the occasion of the construction of the new Peter and Paul Church, the former monastery (Rumyants. muz., p. 224). Some then called Anastasia the wife of St. book Theodora, and Prince. Ksenia as his mother-in-law; others say that St. book Theodore did not have a wife, Anastasia (Synodal. RKP. No. 781). But it is most likely that Anastasia’s name was the monastic name of the prince. Anna. In this case, we see the Peter and Paul Churches in Yaroslavl on the banks of the river. Volga, Dimitriev, St. Nicholas the Wonderworker Belsky, Leontievsky, Ilyinsky, Theologian, Holy Spirit, Blasius, Vozdvzhenskaya, Simeonov, Nikolsky in the Kremlin, Arkhangelsk and Zlatoust. Collection l. III, 65. IV, 44.1. 282. Nikon. l. 3, 89–92. About Nogai Butkov in the north. archive 1824, parts 12–14. Collection l. 1. 382. IV, 45. Nikon. l. 3, 95. East. formidable 2, 29. 126. Collection years. 1, 202. Nick. l. 3, 85. Collection l. VI, 185–187. V, 274. VIII, 150. Sochin. Kurb. 2, 16. 96. Memory of St. sq. Theodora - in the calendar of the 16th century charter. Tolstoy 1. No. 100 and psalms of the 16th century. Tolstoy 1. No. 113.