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The little girl Charitina, left an orphan, was taken by a certain rich and compassionate man Claudius and raised by him as a daughter. When she came of age, she was distinguished not only by her physical beauty, but also by her kindness of character, meekness, chastity, intelligence and faith in Christ God. The believers who visited her rejoiced over her, and to the unbelievers she preached about Christ and showed the path of truth. The Diocletian persecution began, and the comite (chief of the district) demanded her for trial, as a result of a denunciation of her Christian zeal. He asked her: “Is it true that you are a Christian and you seduce others, leading them to the same faith?” Kharitina answered: “Indeed, I am a Christian; But I do not deceive people, but I turn them away from deception, and from your unclean faith I bring you to my Christ.” Hearing this, the ruler ordered her to be beaten mercilessly and sent her to the governor of the region for trial. This one, after vain convictions to renounce Christ, ordered her hair to be cut, hot coals poured on her head and whole body, and finally condemned her to molestation (this is what judges often did, especially in Egypt). But the saint prayed to the Lord and died, having preserved her virginity. Her body was put in a skin with sand and thrown into the sea; but three days later the sea waves carried him ashore, and Claudius buried him. Holy Hieromartyr Dionysius, Bishop. Alexandria Dionysius was born in Alexandria from pagan parents; converted to Christianity already in his mature years, under the influence of Origen, to whom he was always warmly disposed. However, Dionysius himself says about himself that “he turned to Christ through free research, impartially testing human teachings.” Having become, after Origen, a mentor at the Alexandrian Catechetical School, and after the death of Hieracles (commemorated on October 15) the bishop of Alexandria (in 247), Dionysius, as before, read and studied the works of heretics and rejected their systems not before, out of personal conviction, he recognized their inconsistency. Such an arbitrary attitude of Dionysius to such a subject led one presbyter to doubt, who therefore warned him that close acquaintance with heretical books, providing an opportunity to become accustomed to false concepts, could have a harmful effect on his own way of thinking. As if to resolve this issue, Dionysius had a vision in which he was told that he could read heretical books, as capable of discussing such subjects; At the same time, it was pointed out to him that, by initially acting in this way, he had acquired an opportunity for conversion. “I accepted this vision with my soul,” says Dionysius, “as consistent with the Apostolic saying concerning the strong: always know how to find your own advantage, or know how to distinguish a real coin from a counterfeit one” 72. During the cruel persecution from Decius, Dionysius was already taken to torture, but by the miraculous providence of God he was freed from the hands of the persecutors and, protected first by the secret of refuge, and then sent to the Mareot desert, he spent three years, although at a distance from the flock, but ruled it through messages and through trusted elders, he always ruled it invariably in the spirit of meekness and moderation, but with He fought with firmness against the heretical teachings that were tearing the Church apart at that time. – To Novatian, who introduced a new schism, Dionysius wrote: “It is no less glorious to die in order not to tear the Churches apart, as in order not to make sacrifices to idols. In my opinion, the first is even higher, because in the latter case they die for the salvation of their soul, and there for the good of the whole Church.” In 261, under Gallienus, Dionysius returned to Alexandria. Here new and great labors and sorrows awaited him: first, a bloody civil strife broke out in the city, then famine followed, followed by a devastating pestilence. These were all, as it were, personal disasters for the loving and generous Christian shepherd, and he squandered his care and concern indifferently about believers and pagans and, moreover, aroused other Christians. One of Dionysius’ letters depicts a wondrous picture of the activities of Christians during a public disaster that struck the city: “many of our brothers,” he writes, “out of strong love, leaving concern for their own lives, and caring for each other, boldly visit the sick, serve them constantly, heal in Christ; They died voluntarily with them, taking upon themselves their suffering, as if attracting the disease to themselves and willingly erasing the ulcers from them. Many of those who cared so much about the sick and restored them to health died themselves... So five of our best brothers, including deacons and elders, and the most famous of the people, sought death for themselves, and this kind of death, in terms of piety and firmness of faith, is in no way lower than martyrdom. They took the bodies of the saints with their hands and on their knees, closed their eyes and mouths, carried them on their shoulders, washed them and dressed them in robes... But the pagans acted completely differently. This is what Christianity means." 73 To the end, vigorous in spirit, Dionysius, although weakened in physical strength by the end of the 17-year rule of the flock, continued to tirelessly defend the Church against the heresies tearing it apart and greatly contributed to the establishment of peace in it; He acted constantly in the spirit of love and managed to lead many to church unity. In 264, he was invited to the Council of Antioch against Paul of Samosata, but, already feeling very weak, he only delivered his opinion against Paul in writing and died soon after - in 265. Dionysius, known in Church History under the name of the Great, left behind many works, which, among other things, set out contemporary disasters, church deanery and the explanation of St. Scriptures. – In one of his dogmatic works on nature, Dionysius draws evidence of the dependence of the world on the all-good God from the structure of the world and man: “When a house and a city are built,” he argues, “the stones do not fall into the foundation themselves and do not fly up onto the walls, but the architect puts them - each in its place... When they say that the most beautiful whole was made up of atoms and was built by them without intentions and thoughts: how can you listen to them? Aren't unsettled atoms far below the spider when it does its job so diligently? How indifferent is it to hear that this house, consisting of earth and sky, according to a super-intelligent structure, called cosmos (world), received its order and structure from atoms rushing around without order, and the order itself seemed to have changed in the world? Who will admit that these constant movements and revolutions arose from some kind of dissolute wearing? Who will agree that the most perfect harmony of heaven was formed from instruments that are not at all musical and discordant? † Memory of Rev. Damian, Jeremiah and Matthias of Pechersk Rev. Damian, writes Rev. Nestor zealously imitated the life and humility of the Venerable Father Theodosius. Many testify to his good life, obedience and submission to everyone; especially those who lived with him in his cell saw his meekness and how he did not sleep for whole nights, diligently reading books and returning more than once to prayers; they told many other things about this man 74. The presbyter and wonderworker Damian was such a strict faster that he ate nothing but bread and water until his death. When a child who was sick with something was brought to the monastery to Blessed Theodosius, or an older person was obsessed with some kind of illness, Theodosius ordered Damian to pray over the sick person. Damian immediately prayed, anointed with oil, and those who came received healing 75 . Finally he became very ill and was already at the end of his life. “Lord Jesus Christ! so he prayed then, deign me to be an accomplice of the glory of Thy saints; “Do not separate me, Master, from my father and my mentor, the Monk Theodosius.” When he prayed like this, he suddenly appeared at the bedside of his blessed one. Theodosius fell on his chest, kissed him lovingly and said: “My son! what are you praying to the Lord about, now I have been sent to inform you of this - your request will be fulfilled, you will be counted among the saints and will be with them in the Kingdom of the Heavenly Lord - we will be together in the next world.” Having said this, he became invisible. - Since Damian did not see Theodosius entering the door and the one who appeared in the place where he appeared became invisible, then from there Damian realized that this was a phenomenon from God. - Then, calling the one who served him, he sent for the blessed one. Theodosius. When the blessed one soon came, he said to him with a cheerful face: “Father! Will it be as now, when he appeared, he promised me? The blessed one, not knowing what happened to him, answered: “My son! I don’t know what promise you’re talking about?” Then he recounted how he prayed and how the monk himself appeared to him. Having heard this, Theodosius, smiling a little and shedding tears, said: “My son! It will be for you as the angel who appeared in my image promised you.” When the brethren gathered, he said goodbye to everyone and thus in peace gave his soul into the hands of God when the angels came for it. Then the blessed one ordered the beater to be struck so that the rest of the brethren would gather, and thus, with decent honor and singing, they buried his honest body, where all the brethren were buried 76 . From this description it is clear that Rev. Damian died before Rev. Feodosiya and probably in 1070. According to the RKP. Saints, the day of his repose was the 5th of October. His relics rest in Anthony's Cave 77. About Rev. To Jeremiah, Nestor writes in the chronicle: “there was another brother, named Jeremiah, who remembered the baptism of the Russian land. He was given a gift by God: he predicted the future and, if he saw evil thoughts in anyone, he denounced him secretly and exhorted him to beware of the devil; If a brother wanted to leave the monastery, then, looking at him, he would come to him, denounce his thoughts and console his brother; even if he told him that something pleasant or unpleasant would happen to him, the elder’s word came true” 78 . Since Rev. Jeremiah still remembered the baptism of the Russian land in 988 and lived under the abbess of St. Theodosius, then if we assume that he died in 1070, his life lasted up to 90 years. His relics rest in Anthony's Cave 79. “There was also Elder Matthew,” writes Rev. Nestor. He was a seer. Once, when he was standing in his place in the church, he raised his eyes and looked at his people, who stood and sang on the sides. - And then he sees a demon in the form of a Poles, in the mud 80 and in a field with flowers called lipok. He walked around the brethren; he took stickies from the bosom (from the area) 81, threw them on one or the other, and if the flower stuck to one of the singers, then, after standing a little and relaxing his thoughts, under some pretext he left the church, went to the cell, fell asleep and did not return to the church until the end of the singing. If he threw it at someone else, but the flower did not stick to him, then he stood firmly during the singing and then only went to his cell when Matins ended. Seeing this, the elder told his brethren about it. And the elder also saw this: according to custom, when Matins ended before dawn, the brethren walked to their cells, and the elder left the church after the others. Once, upon leaving the church, he sat, resting under the beater, since his cell was far from the church. And then he sees a crowd coming from the gate. - Looking up, he saw that one was sitting on a pig, and the others were walking near him. “Where are you going?” asked the old man. - The demon sitting on the pig answered: “for Mikhail Tolbekovich.” The elder protected himself with the sign of the cross and went to his cell. -When it was dawn, the elder said to the cell attendant: go and find out if Michael is in the cell? They told him that he left through the fence after Matins. “The elder then told his vision to the abbot and the brethren. “Theodosius died under this elder and Stefan was abbot, and after Stefan Nikon - the elder was still alive. Once during Matins, he raised his eyes and wanted to see Abbot Nikon and saw a donkey standing in the abbot’s place; he realized that the abbot did not get up. The elder saw many other things and rested in this (Pechersk) monastery in old age” 82. - According to the lime of Polycarp, Rev. Matthew the perspicacious under Abbot Nikon (1074–1088) prayed with others for the healing of the seduced Nikita 83. Blazh. His death probably followed in 1088. His relics rest in the Anthony Cave 84. † Repose of Rev. Kharitin princesses According to the monuments, Rev. Kharitina was born a princess of Lithuania and labored in the Novgorod nunnery of St. Apostles Peter and Paul on Sinichya Mountain 85. The time of her exploits is vaguely shown in monument 86, so I can only determine it by consideration; and yet this time can show a peculiarity in the spiritual life of the princess. It is known that the stone church of the monastery, where the relics of the saint rest, was built in 1192 87. If the Church of Peter and Paul already existed then, as Blessed. Kharitina began to live in Novgorod, the time of her life in Novgorod must be attributed to the 13th century; on the other hand, it is known that the second half of the XIII table. It was a turbulent, bloody time for Lithuania. In 1265, many persons of the princely Lithuanian house hastily left Lithuania for Russia, Prince Dovmont - for Pskov, and the son of Prince Tovtivil with his court fled from Polotsk to Novgorod 88. According to the chronicle, the Novgorodians then wanted to kill the Lithuanians who had come running to them, for Lithuania’s previous grievances against Novgorod; but the book Yaroslav did not allow them to do so 89. Thus, it is revealed that the Lithuanian princess Kharitina was one of the people driven by the storm of time, in addition to her personal affairs. Pushed away by the world, she no longer sought anything in the world and devoted her entire life to serving the Lord. Having accepted monasticism, she was made the head of the monastery for her virtuous life and until her death she was a model of humility, purity and strict abstinence for those subordinate to her. Thus Christian virtue has no need of happiness for its success; She strengthens and grows from misfortune, and transfers her reader from earth to heaven. On monuments, book. Kharitina died on October 5. 6000 l. or 7000 l. Converting this indefinite time into a definite time, after what has been said in the chronicles, we believe that St. Princess Abbess completed her exploits in 6790 - 1281 Oct. 5 days. Since 1764, the Church of St. Peter and Paul, where her relics rest in secret - the cemetery on the Sofia side. Her memory is honored locally on October 5, 90. Holy Hierarchs of All Russia Peter, Alexy, Jonah and Philip, Metropolitans of Moscow Just as the celebration of the three Ecumenical teachers and saints Basil the Great, Gregory the Theologian and John Chrysostom, celebrated separately to each, and all together on one day, the Church also celebrates each of the All-Russian saints separately, and to all of them together on one day, giving them equal honor, which, before the establishment of a common holiday, Orthodox Christians traditionally gave to them. Before the establishment of a holiday in honor of the All-Russian saints, they were all collectively and equally called by the Orthodox as great miracle workers and prayer books. The celebration of the three All-Russian saints, Peter, Alexy and Jonah, all on one day, October 5, was established in 1596, by order of the most pious Tsar and Grand Duke Theodore Ioannovich, Autocrat of All Russia, with the blessing of His Holiness Patriarch Job of Moscow and the entire sacred Council. In the name of the equally venerable three holy hierarchs of All Russia Peter, Alexy and Jonah, a church was built in the patriarchal courtyard in Moscow. St. Philip was added to them in 1875. The Church designates the three holy hierarchs Peter, Alexy and Jonah as the first thrones of Russia, the true guardians of the Apostolic traditions, unshakable pillars of Orthodoxy, mentors, pious saints, glorified by God for incorruptibility and miracles. “Having a merciful soul and a pure thought, and an unconfused heart, and an immaculate faith, and an unfeigned love, a fair teaching, and the dignity of a saint, Peter is numbered among the saints in heaven. The venerable and wise Alexy pleased God with his monastic life, and God chose him from his youth as a shepherd of the sheep of words and a great teacher; He appeared as a mentor to the priests and to the whole Russian country as a bright star, illuminating with miracles all who, with faith, fell to the race of his relics. Jonah, the God-wise saint, loved Christ from his youth and, having enlightened his heart with the Divine dawns of the Most Holy Spirit, he became a light-seeing person in the truth.” The Church names the holy martyr and saint Philip the successor of the first altars, the pillar of Orthodoxy, the champion of truth, the new confessor who laid down his soul for his flock. Look at their lives: St. Peter -December 21, St. Alexia - February 12, St. Jonah - March 31st and St. Philippa - January 9th. The apostolic saying cited by Dionysius is an apostolic tradition; as a saying of the Savior, it is given in the decree. apostle 2, 36, in Origen, in Chrysostom, in Socrates, in Jerome, and many others cited it (see “History of Father Ts.” Philar., Archbishop of Chernig., § 63, note). From the history of Eusebius, book. VII, ch. 22. Nestor's life of Theodosius in the scholar. zap. acad. 2, 160. Chronicle of Nestor in the collection. years. I, 81. Nestor's life of Theodosius - ibid., pp. 160, 161. RKP. Saints: “Rev. Father Priest Damian the Healer reposed in the month. Oct. in 5 days." Description laurels 104. 290. 292. Description Kyiv. laurels, p. 105. 290. 292. RKP. Saints: “Reverend Jeremiah the clairvoyant: his memory is month. Oct. at 5 days.” The appearance attributed to the demon of the luda shows that the luda was worn by the Poles; these were clothes in which the demon looked like a Poles. Nestor: “and Yakun tu (in the battle) ran away (lost) a loaf of gold.” The above reading of the chronicle about Yakun should be the following: “and Yakun was woven with gold,” and this Yakun was beautiful (stately), his luda was woven with gold. The meaning is clear, simple, consistent with both the letter and the connection of thoughts. - Therefore, it was in vain to make a blind Yakun out of the stately Yakun. “Luda,” says Senkovsky, was worn on the chest and on the back; this is a kind of Polish armor” (Library for reading 1 part. III, 7. 6). For us, to tin means to cover. Beredvikov reads in another chronicle: “taking an izlo for modeling,” and notes: “an izlo, maybe a knot.” But there is no point in this. Simple and clear reading etc. sp. “taking from the bosom of molds”; and in Nikonova years. this is explained as follows: “taking moldings from the floor.” Letop. in collection years. I, 81. 82. 259. IX, 104. VII, 344. 345. Description Kyiv. laurels 105. 290. 292. RKP. Saints: “pr. Matthew is perspicacious; his memory m. October. at 6 days." Today – 5 Oct. RKP. calendar: “the holy princess nun Kharitina, who was also in the maiden (Oten. Petrovsky) monastery, was in l. 6000 months Oct. in 5 days." According to the later inscription on the shrine, she is “Princess Chekhina” and together “from the line of the kings of Lithuania” (Makaria ancient 1:556): an obvious inconsistency. According to the RCP. The calendar shows its time - 6000 years. (pr. 85), and on the saint’s shrine – “7000 l. Oct. 5 d." Collection years. V, 191. VII, 164. About St. book Dovmonte see May 20. Collection years. III, 58. V, 192. Oten calendar: “memory of Oct. in 5 days." Macaria ancient 1,556.