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† Repose of Rev. Cassian of Uglich Rev. Cassian, in the world Constantine, was from a foreign princely family and arrived in Moscow along with Sophia, V.'s bride. book Joanna, daughter of the Morean owner 22. How long he stayed at the court of the Grand Duchess is unknown. The biography writer only says that court life was not to his liking, and that he loved a quiet life and strictly watched his conscience 23. According to the early RKP. Life of St. Paisius of Uglich, Blessed. Konstantin, before joining the Rostov Archbishop, lived with St. Paisius of Uglich 24. In 1481, he chose for himself a modest position as a boyar under the Rostov Archbishop Joasaph, the former Prince Isaac Mikhailovich Obolensky, although they offered him a place at the court of the Grand Duke himself. So he no longer sought happiness on earth, after his homeland began to suffer from the wicked Turks. – His choice was quite reasonable! This is what his intelligent contemporary wrote: “in the winter (1482) Grand Duchess Sophia returned from flight; she ran from the Tatars to Beloozero, but no one chased her. Those places where they went got it worse than from the Tatars, from the boyar slaves and from the Christian bloodsuckers. Reward them, Lord, according to their deeds! “Their wives lived there; and they loved their wives more than the holy faith; they were ready to betray the holy churches in which they had been enlightened by holy baptism. – The merciful God did not despise Christian tears. - Brave Russian warriors! try to protect your fatherland, the Russian land, from the wicked, so that your eyes do not see the plunder of holy churches and your houses, the murder of children and the disgrace of wives and daughters, as the Bulgarians, Greeks, Trapezonians, Moreans, Albanians, Croats, Bosniaks, Mancuzzi and residents of Kafa suffered from the Turks. They wander miserably in foreign lands, deservedly reproached for their cowardice. Others fled with great property, with wives and children, but along with the gold they lost their earthly happiness. God is a witness, having seen with my own eyes the sovereigns who fled from the Turks, with their property, wandering as strangers and asking for death as mercy” 25. This description allows us to see with what disposition of soul the poor and noble stranger Constantine was in Russia: he could not reproach himself for the past, because he was still young when he arrived in Russia, and was almost a child when the Turks captured the Christian southeast. But he also felt the wrath of God over himself and considered it a sin to seek a cheerful life; he wanted to work and pray. In 1489 Blessed. Joasaph, aggravated by the unjust anger of the Grand Duke, refused the see and retired to the Ferapontov Monastery, to the place of his monastic exploits 26. The prince also moved here with him. Konstantin. Here, in prayer and reading books, he found peace for his soul. “Cassian, a former prince, very virtuous, was tonsured as a venerable. Father Martinian,” says the ancient news 27. This was not during the lifetime of St. Martinian († 1483) and not at the will of Prince. Konstantin. – The latter did not want to take on monasticism, although the blessed one persuaded him. Joasaph and others; Martinian, who appeared to him in a dream, threatened to subject him to severe punishment for resisting good advice. “I saw in a dream,” he told Joasaph and Elder Philaret, a magnificent church with monks; in the middle of it there is, as it were, a pulpit and on it is the Rev. Hegumen Martinian, with a staff in his hand. “Take your hair,” the abbot tells me. “I won’t cut my hair,” I answered. “If you don’t listen,” he continued, “I will beat you with a rod,” and he wanted to hit me. I woke up out of fear and shouted: Filaret, Filaret.” Constantine then, at his request, was tonsured with the name of Cassian 28. He did not live long in the Ferapontova monastery. With several brothers, he retired from Beloozero to the inheritance of the good Uglich prince Andrei, with whom he had been friends even in the world 29 . 15 versts from Uglich, on the banks of the Volga and the river. Uchma he erected a cross, erected cells and, with the blessing of the Rostov Archbishop, built a church in honor of the Dormition of the Mother of God. – But the church was damaged by the Volga flood. The good Prince Andrei provided him with funds to build a church and cells in a new place and also assigned him benefits for the maintenance of the monastery. All this happened no later than 1491, since in September of this year Prince Andrei was imprisoned by the Grand Duke in prison, from which he never left until his grave. In Uglich, Cassian's spiritual friend and interlocutor was St. Paisiy. - Blazh. Abbot Pokrovsky, before his death, entrusted the supervision of his monastery to “Rev. Cassian, commander of the desert on Uchma" 30. Paisius respected Cassian so much! The blessed founder of the Uchem monastery “lives in his monastery and is happy with the summer,” representing in himself an example of monastic virtues. Having foreseen his departure to the Lord, he gave instructions to the brethren 31 and, having communed with St. Tain, reposed on October 2, 1504 32. The Uglitz Chronicle, speaking about the events of 1609–1611, writes: “the pitiful Poles, having burst into the monastery of the wonderworker Cassian, met a few citizens here; some of them rushed to the cathedral church, with the intention of breaking down the doors; but at the request of Rev. Cassian was struck by blindness and in horror, not knowing where to go, they were barely led away by their own people and everyone went back 33.” In the first of the 25 miracles described, a year before the invasion of the Lyakhs, St. Cassian was seen in white robes and with candles lit in his hands, walking around his monastery. Seventh miracle: abbot. Herman suffered from his legs for a long time and was healed by sprinkling earth from the saint’s coffin on his wounds. To the priest-painter, who wanted to paint the image of the monk as accurately as possible (9th miracle), the monk said: “Paint my work longer than that of the prince. Roman, but the gray hair should be slightly visible.” The priest wrote, but felt that it was not accurate. The monk appeared to him in monastic vestments, with a brad to the chest, which was not black and did not fork in two, but as if lined with silver. At the end of the 17th century. St. Cassian was called great among the miracle workers 34. Now his relics rest in secret, in the church of his monastery, closed since 1764 35. † Memory of the blessed one. Cyprian of Suzdal According to the RCP. Saints, “Holy blessed Cyprian, Fool for Christ’s sake, was in the Resurrection village on the Uvoti River, Suzhdal miracle worker, reposed in L. 7130 October at 2 days”, next. in 1622 36. Blazh. Cyprian lived on a small island at the mouth of the river. Uvodi (in Kovrovsky district), and on Sundays and holidays he came to pray at the church in the village of Voskresensky. The place where he stayed is 7 versts. from Voskresensky, is now known under the name of the Cyprian desert, and the pits of the area are called Cyprian caves. Otherwise, these are monuments to his asceticism, while to the majority he seemed weak-minded or a simpleton. “Simplicity is a true guide for the righteous, but the wickedness of lawbreakers destroys them,” says the wise one (Proverbs 11:3). Bl. experienced this himself. Cyprian. His coffin is still seen under the floor of the Church of the Resurrection 37. In 1751, a church was built in his memory in Voskresensky 38. More about foolishness. Nikon of the Black Mountain wrote in his 38th message and Rev. Kirill Belozersky recorded this in his collection: “the previous fathers also said about foolishness that this is not an obligatory path, but a matter of prudence - it can even serve as a temptation and to harm. In the life of St. Simeon the Fool for Christ is written that he prayed for those who were tempted, so that sin would not be counted against them. - Because St. The council forbade that this should not happen now” 39. – We will not be mistaken if we add to this that the most harmful thing for us is the passion for a spacious life. - Let them be afraid most of all of this passion on every path. † Memory of St. Andrew the Fool for Christ A wealthy Constantinople nobleman bought, among other things, slaves and a blessed one. Andrey 40. Slave Andrei was a Slav and turned out to be higher than the modern smart people and rich Greeks. He was distinguished by physical beauty, intelligence and good behavior. The master fell in love with him and sent him to study book wisdom. With good abilities and diligence, Andrei soon learned and, going to church, read books and prayed; He did not like worldly absent-mindedness and gaiety, but sought what was necessary for eternity. Called by a special vision to the ascetic path, he tore his clothes and, covered in rags, began to seem insane in meaning. The master felt sorry for him and ordered the chained man to be taken to the church of St. Anastasia, healer of the mindless; he lived here for four months, and his master, seeing that Andrei remained in his former form, gave him complete freedom to live as he wanted. The holy fool Andrei walked the streets as if lost; They laughed at him, they pushed him and beat him: it was as if he did not understand and did not feel it. If anyone gave him alms, he gave it to the poor and, moreover, in the form of a joke or with abuse. He usually did not eat anything for three days; If they didn’t give me a piece of bread, I would go without food for a week or two. He had no shelter; in severe cold, in only rags, he lay down wherever he happened to; It also happened that in severe cold he would lie down between the dogs, but sometimes they would run away from him. This is a feat of new martyrdom. Purified by sorrows and needs, St. Andrey was awarded the gift of spiritual insight. Once an unkind man decided to rob a buried rich virgin. Andrey, meeting him, said: “don’t steal, you won’t see the sun.” The thief understood the threat and, however, having dug up the grave, stole expensive clothes from the virgin, but lost his sight. This unfortunate man later collected alms and spoke about his sin. They carried the rich dead man to the grave; the funeral was wonderful. But Andrei sees hundreds of evil spirits in the air, angrily rejoicing at the dead man as their prey. Why did the poor man fall into the power of demons? Andrey thought with grief. “He was, the angel told Andrei, a cruel, voluptuous man who knew nothing sacred: up to 300 girls were deprived of their innocence by him, he killed several people secretly.” One monk led a fasting life and prayed fervently; Due to his strict life, many came to him for advice and brought alms. Little by little the monk became addicted to money and began saving it. Saint Andrew sees a light and a black spirit arguing about the soul of a monk. The black one says: he is mine because he loves money; no, he is mine, says the bright one, because he is fasting. A heavenly voice announces to the bright one: “leave him, he has given himself over to Satan.” In grief for the monk’s soul, Andrei privately shows him the state of his soul and begs him to change his life. The monk distributed all the money he had collected. They brought him money again, asking him to give it to the poor; but he took nothing more. “What good is it for me, he said, to tinker with someone else’s thorns?” The last, wonderful vision of Andrei was in 909. On October 1, he stood with his disciple Epiphanius in the Blachernae Church during the night service. And then he sees the Most Holy One in the air. The Mother of God, surrounded by prophets, apostles and angels and covering the people with an omophorion. - “Do you see,” he says to the student, the Queen Mother of God praying for the world? “I see and am horrified,” answered Epiphanius. Following this, the saint died 41. They wrote that according to the vision of St. Andrew, the Greek Church soon began to celebrate the Intercession of the Mother of God 42. But in the Greek Church they did not and do not know this holiday 43. The celebration of the Intercession of the Virgin Mary is a Slavic holiday, just as the Slav is St. Andrew, who saw the Mother of God praying. In the Slavic prologue we read: “Behold, when I heard and thought, what a terrible and merciful vision (of intercession for us) there was without celebration. Thus we delight, so that Thy holy cover, O Blessing One, may not remain without celebration.” Who says this? Of course, one of those who had the right to establish a holiday in the Church is the Russian Metropolitan, or the Archbishop of Serbia, or the First See of Bulgaria, or a pious prince. Which one of them exactly? Book In 1164, Andrei Bogolyubsky built a monastery in honor of the Intercession of the Mother of God 44. The Feast of the Intercession is shown in the Russian Monthly Book of the 13th century. 45. In the Menaion of Macarius we see, in addition to the legend, two words on the Intercession of the Mother of God 46. According to one monument, in the suburbs of Constantinople there was a Bulgarian Church of the Intercession of Our Lady; but the Bulgarian and Serbian monuments are not yet known enough to draw a decisive conclusion about the existence of a holiday between the Bulgarians and Serbs 47 . Holy Hieromartyr Cyprian and St. Martyrs Justina Maidens Assistance about St. martyrs Cyprian and Justina has existed since ancient times; Cyprian's homeland is supposed to be Antioch, in the northern part of Syria. Cyprian and Justina lived at the end of the 3rd century. – From the legend it is known that Cyprian studied “philosophy and sorcery,” which he studied, among other things, in Egypt, and surprised everyone with his knowledge of the “secret sciences” when he traveled to different countries and showed the people various miracles of his knowledge. At the time when this “sage” arrived in his home city of Antioch, where he also amazed everyone, acting by an unknown force, the daughter of a pagan priest, Justina, lived with her parents in this city. She was already enlightened by the Christian faith, the first idea of ​​which she received by accidentally listening to speeches about Christ from a deacon of the local church, who passed by her parents’ house while she was sitting by the window. The young pagan woman tried to find out who Christ was, the first news about Whom deeply sank into her soul - and, having succeeded in this, she fell in love with going to the Christian church, studied the teachings of Christ and, believing in Him, accepted St. baptism. Soon she convinced her mother and even her father of the truth of the Christian faith. The pagan priest, having been baptized, was ordained to the rank of presbyter, and his house became a dwelling of deep Christian piety. Meanwhile, Justina, who had remarkable beauty, attracted the attention of a rich pagan youth named Aglaid. He began to ask her to agree to be his wife, but Justina, having devoted all her love to God-Christ, refused to marry a pagan and carefully avoided even meeting him. He, however, persistently pursued her; but, seeing the failure of all his efforts to get closer to Justina, Aglaid, sharing the pagan superstitions of his time, turned to Cyprian, famous for his magic, thinking that everything was accessible to his mysterious knowledge, and convinced him to use his art to turn Justina’s heart to him... Cyprian, having a rich reward in mind, really used all the means that he could glean from his science of “magic” and tried to convince Justina with all the instruments of his mysterious power to become the wife of the young man who loved her. Protected by the power of her complete devotion to the one Christ, Justina did not succumb to any tricks or temptations, and remained adamant. Meanwhile, a pestilence appeared in the city. A rumor was spread that the powerful sorcerer Cyprian, who failed in his sorcery regarding Justina, was taking revenge on her for his failure in the person of the whole city, sending a fatal disease to the people... The frightened people approached Justina, as the culprit of the public disaster, and convinced her to satisfy the sorcerer by agreeing to marry Aglaid... Justina calmed the people and, firmly trusting in God’s help, promised them quick liberation from the destructive illness, and indeed, as soon as she prayed to God with her pure and strong prayer, the illness stopped... This victory and triumph of the Christian woman was at the same time a complete disgrace to Cyprian, who presented himself as a powerful sorcerer who boasted of knowledge of the secrets of nature, but it also served to save a man truly gifted with a strong mind, who, mainly through error, wasted it on unworthy use. Cyprian realized that there was something higher than his knowledge and mysterious art, than that dark force, on the assistance of which he counted in order to defeat the unenlightened crowd. He realized that all this is nothing compared to the knowledge of the God whom Justina confesses... Seeing clearly that all his means were ineffective in relation to a weak being, a young girl, armed only with prayer and the sign of the cross, Cyprian comprehended the meaning of these two Christian, truly omnipotent tools. He came to the Christian bishop Anthimus (his memorial is September 3), told him about his errors and deceptions, asked him to teach him the truths of the Christian faith and, preparing for the one true path opened by the Son of God, accepted St. baptism. A year later he was made a priest, and then a bishop, while Justina, by whose God Cyprian was attracted, was ordained by him as a deaconesses and made head of the community of Christian virgins. Continuing their activities, inspired by a fiery love for God, Cyprian and Justina contributed greatly to the dissemination and establishment of Christian teaching. This could not help but attract the attention of opponents and persecutors of Christianity. Having received a denunciation accusing the Christian ascetics that Cyprian and Justina were turning the people away from the gods, the regional governor Eutolmius, having ordered them to be tortured for their faith in Christ, which they unshakably confessed, sent them to the emperor, who was at that time in Nicomedia, on whose orders they were beheaded with the sword around 304. Their memory was glorious in the ancient Church. Gregory Nazianzen talks about them in his word, although he partly confuses Cyprian with another, famous writer of Carthage. Empress Eudokia, wife of Theodosius the Younger, wrote a poem in their honor around 425 (it is abbreviated in the library of Photius 184. Published by Bandinius in Catal. Bibl. Laur. 228) 48 . “Turning from magical art, O God-wise, to the knowledge of the Divine,” St. prayerfully recalls. Church of St. martyrs, - you appeared to the world as the wisest physician, granting healing to those honoring you, Cyprian and Justina, with her praying to the philanthropic Lady to save our souls! Prologue May 21: “from the Italian country, from Amoria, the princely family, the city of Mavnuk.” But: a) Mavnuk of Crimea was owned by the Goths until 1475 (Genealogy of the Golovins, p. 8. MU. 1847), b) Morea is not part of Italy, and Mavnuk was neither in Morea nor in Italy. All that remains to be accepted as true is that Constantine was born in Morea from a noble family; and it must be considered probable that he was a Slav, since most of the Slavs lived in Morea at that time. According to the complete life of Paisius, Blessed. Constantine was in the Paisian monastery at the foundation of the stone Church of the Intercession in 1479 and at its consecration in 1482, and at the same time he was in relations with the Uglich prince Andrei. Lviv. years. 3. 174–176. Collection l. VI, 232. Gennady in a letter to Joasaph: “It came to my ears that he was leading. the prince sent for you more than once and you did not go... If God puts it in the sovereign’s heart to send for you, do not refuse, go to him: you can show firmness in your business as you please - if only the sovereign asks you.” Russian times 2, 136. 150. This is what it says in the full life of Paisius of Uglich. According to the prologue, Cassian baptized Prince Andrew's son Dimitri; but Demetrius was born in 1477 and so on. Cassian perceived it from the font even when he was in the world. RKP. complete life of Paisius. According to the source. Hier. 4, 358 teachers Cassian died on October 2. 7072 (1553), according to the RKP. Saints – 2 Oct. 7076 (1567). But both indications are incorrect. If Constantine arrived in Moscow in 1472, being 30 years old, and then in 1520 he was 68 years old, and in 1562 he would have been 120 years old, meanwhile, neither in the prologue nor in other monuments is there a hint of such an extraordinary old age; on the contrary, according to the vision, he was no older than 65 years. The charter of June 1, 1552 was given to the Uchemsky Mother of God Monastery under Abbot Pachomius (ac. e. 1. No. 171), and so on. She decides that Ave. Cassian died before 1520. 1504 is set as the year of his death in words. saints, page 146. In Kisel's history Uglich, p. 343. Yaroslavl 1844 So in the RKP. the complete life of St. Paisius. About the miracles of Yarosl. diocesan led 1861 No. 39. East. Hier. 4, 358. Consolidated. about the monastery, p. 558. According to another report, “Saint Cyprian, Fool for Christ’s sake, Suzdal, white l. 7140 (1632), July at 25 days." Hardly this year and on this date were they not verified that the relics were incorruptible. Fatherland notes 1857 July, p. 170. Vladim. lips led 1857 No. 8. Hands review. Kirill Beloz Ave. – on Thu. total ist. 1860, p. 61. Life of St. Andrew, described by the Sofia priest Nicephorus, his confessor, eg. in Act. Sanet. Maii, append. t. VI p. 1–111, shortened description in less than 2 Oct. Parts of it are in different numbers of the October prologue. Complete Life in the Menaion of Macarius. The writer says: “I described the wonderful and glorious life of the most pious and holy Father Andrew, collecting and presenting in the order that I saw partly with my own eyes, partly I learned from Epiphanius.” Vershinsky Mesleslov, pp. 156. 157. 329. Debolsky Days of Worship I, 129. Sunday read 1838, p. 321. Dobrokhotova Ancient Bogolyubov, p. 2. 23. 1. Everyday worker of the 13th century. in the Rumyantsev Museum No. 284. But it is not in either the Ostromir or Mstislav Gospels. Izv. acad. X, 114. Undolsky table of contents of the Menaion of Macarius, p. 7. In the Serbian Monthly Book of the 13th century. (the mountain worshiper, p. 311) does not have this holiday. According to the life of Paraskeva Ave., on the outskirts of Constantinople - the Bulgarian Church of the Intercession of Our Lady. See Oct. 14 d. But Du Cange does not show the Intercession Monastery in the Irakli suburb, where there was a monastery of the life-giving spring. Constant, lib. 4, p. 174. 183. Only in Cyprian’s Serbian collection of 1721 is it written: “Oct. V. 16 veil of the Most Holy Theotokos." Glasnik IX, 245. See Poly. Months East." archim. Sergius, vol. II, part 2, p. 315.