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Memory of St. Athanasius of Pechersk There was, says Simon 1, in the holy Pechersk monastery one brother, who led a holy and godly life, named Athanasius. After a long illness, he died. Two brothers washed his body, dressed him as needed, but did not bury him: others came, but, having looked at him, they also left. The dead man remained unburied. He was very poor and no one wanted to take care of him. At night, someone appeared to the abbot and said: “The man of God has been lying unburied for two days, and you are having fun.” In the morning, the abbot and all the brethren came to the deceased and found him sitting and crying. Everyone was horrified to see him alive and asked how he came to life and what did he see? He did not answer their questions, but only said: “Save yourself.” They asked him to say something for their benefit, promising with an oath to fulfill his words. Then Athanasius said: “Have obedience to the abbot in everything, repent every hour and pray to our Lord Jesus Christ and His Most Pure Mother and the Venerables Anthony and Theodosius to end your life here. Don’t ask anymore.” Then he entered the cave, closed the door and stayed here for 12 years. Since Blessed Athanasius “lived under the holy abbot Polycarp” 2, the time itself explains to us his preaching. In 1169, the northern prince Mstislav with 12 other princes took Kyiv, and Kyiv was given over to the army for plunder. Podol, Gora, Sofia, and the Church of the Tithes “were robbed,” says the Kiev Chronicle. There was no mercy for anyone or anything: churches burned, people were killed or tied up, wives went into captivity, separated by force from their husbands. Many properties were taken; icons, books, vestments, and bells were taken from churches. - “The Pechersk Monastery of the Mother of God was also set on fire by the pagans” by the Berendeys, but “God saved from such a disaster” 3. – So, Athanasius’s sermon about repentance was not fruitless in the Pechersk monastery; Its monks, at the inspiration of Athanasius, redoubled their prayers and through repentance turned away the terrible disaster that threatened from the monastery. What did the Monk Athanasius do in seclusion? “During the entire time - 12 years,” Simon continues about Athanasius, “he did not say a word to anyone,” time itself spoke; he “cried day and night, ate little bread, and drank a little water every other day. When the time came for his death, having called all the brethren, he again repeated to them the instruction about the importance of obedience and repentance. He departed in peace to the Lord and was laid down with honor in the same cave where he labored. After his death, he announced his bliss with miracles. Brother Babyla, who had suffered from leg pain for many years, was healed by his relics. “One day I was lying,” he told the brethren, “and screaming in severe pain. Suddenly Blessed Athanasius came to me and said: “Come to me and I will heal you.” I wanted to ask him: how and when did he come? But he became invisible. However, I believed what appeared and tried to have me brought to his relics, and behold, I was healed.” Blessed Simon adds that he “heard about this from the healed Babyla.” Therefore, it must be assumed that blessed Athanasius died around the year 1176; This is how Metropolitan Sylvester 4 determines the time of his death. Blessed Simon ends his life about St. Athanasius this way: “If what is written here seems incredible to you, read the lives of Anthony and Theodosius, the leaders of Russian monasticism, and then believe. And if after that you remain doubtful, it’s not my fault. Let the parable spoken by the Lord come true: When you sow your seed, some fall along the way, and some fall in the midst of thorns (Luke 8:5–7). About such the prophet says: the heart of these people is waxen (Is. 6:10). No, do not follow such people, my son and brother! I am not writing about this for them, but to win you for Christ. “I advise you to establish yourself in piety in the holy Pechersk monastery; do not covet either power, or abbess, or bishopric; It will be enough for you if you die in the monastery. You know yourself that I could bring you similar things from other books; but it is better for me and for you that I convey to you something from the deeds that took place in the holy Pechersk monastery.” † The Suffering of the Holy Prince Urosh Stefan The only son of the Serbian king Dusan, Uros, was born in 1337 5. In 1346, he was crowned with a royal crown, while his father was crowned with a royal crown 6. – Serbia has never been so strong and extensive as under Tsar Dusan the Strong. All of Bulgaria was then under the rule of the ruler of Serbia; the Greek cities of Macedonia, Epirus and Thessaly were also conquered by Dusan. Dusan, a powerful ruler, asked for the hand of the daughter of the French king for his son; but the pope insisted that the king’s daughter not change her Latin confession, and Dusan did not want to see a fan of the pope in the family. Urosh, the son of Dusan, married the daughter of Vlad, the powerful prince of Wallachia. It seemed that Dushan's empire would last for centuries. But Dusan himself shook the foundations of his empire and prepared a sad fate for his son. During his lifetime, relying on his strength, he gave a lot of strength to the six regional rulers of his empire. For example, Oliver, the “great chief” of Serbia and Strum, minted a coin with his name, as an independent ruler. In the Kratovo Monastery, the painting shows the regional rulers of Dushan (six), and below the words are read, as if from Dushan: “Hence the great blame for the fall of my kingdom” 7 . The idea has long been verified by experiments; but people do not listen to experience. – If only the Southern Slavs, through a long series of sufferings, would be firmly convinced that their political troubles have always depended on their fragmented rule and will not end until they are united under one firm rule of firm autocracy! Dusan, not innocent in the death of his father, died amid plans for glory, at the age of 45, in December 1355. 8 After the death of his father, Uroš took over Serbia. It was written: “Stefan Urosh, blessed king Serbilem and Grkom” 9. During his first period of power, he had to deal with a contender for the royal throne. Sinish, his uncle, the ruler of Thessaly, rose with a strong army to drive his nephew from the throne of Serbia; he occupied Zeta and besieged Scutari. But Serbia stood up for Uros, and Sines resigned himself. Another power seeker appeared. Nikifor Angel, even with the consent of the queen, Urosheva’s mother, occupied Thessaly with a sword in his hand, because the queen’s sister was betrothed to him. But they did not like Greek intrigues in Serbia, and Nikephoros was pacified 10. In the first years of his reign, Uros was both an independent and an active ruler of Serbia. In 1357 there was a severe famine in Serbia 11. Uroš tried to alleviate the disaster by purchasing bread in Dubrovnik. In 1357–1358 he gave Dubrovnik several charters - on trade, judicial system, lands, duties 12. Particularly noteworthy is the commitment taken from the Ragusians to pay 1000 perper every year to the Jerusalem church of the arch. Michael, where the monks of the monastery of St., driven out of Ston by papism, retired. Nicholas 13. In 1362, he humbled the Ragusians, who fought with his governor of Kotor. In case of disputes, they are ordered to present the case at the king’s court, and not to deal with his governor themselves; Vojislav, by his will, issued a letter to Dubrovnik with a promise not to violate the terms of the salt farm, and the republic was instructed to regularly pay taxes to the king 14. Following the example of his ancestors, he built himself Zadushbina - the monastery of the Nativity of the Virgin Mary in Skopje. “From his youth he was devoted to the Lord, fatherly gave rest to widows and orphans, pacified quarrels and established peace, had mercy on the poor, defended the offended” 15. Meanwhile, evil also grew - the willfulness of the governors. Each of them acted on personal grounds and wanted to be independent. Smart, Christian patriots advised Uros to replace the rich and arrogant governors with people who were moderate in their desires. “But Urosh did not have much firmness against the proud magnates. – He especially trusted Vulkashin. Vulkashin and Dusan were distinguished by trust more than other tycoons. He and his brother Ugljesh were great janitors of Dusan 16. But our passions, if they do not see a curb on themselves, even against our will, even without consciousness, carry us along the path of vice and villainy. This is what happened with Vulkashin. “First he took control of Bosna to be closer to the central government of Serbia. Then he declared himself king of Bosnia, and his brother Ugljesh turned out to be the despot of Romania 17. Only the ruler of Srem, Prince Lazar, with his son-in-law Vulk Brankovic, remained sincere in their attitude towards Uros. The blessed king saw this and suffered especially for the expected troubles of his homeland. Now a terrible sword has appeared against the eastern and southern Christians. Sultan Murat took possession of Odrin and moved the capital here from Brussa. Turkish hordes plundered Bulgaria 18. Now more than ever, Serbia needed Dusan. Vulkashin had as much passion for power as Dusan; only he didn’t have Dushan’s intelligence or courage. A Bulgarian newcomer, he had no love for the country that had given him so much; he completely indulged in selfish plans; It would be good for him and his family, he thought, but let the rest go as it goes. He took power from the good Urosh; then, without blushing, he appointed only a small province to support it. The further he went, the more menacing the dangers became for Urosh. To protect his life, Urosh retired to the Danube to Prince Lazar; with him he was related through Milica, the wife of Lazar, who came from the Nemanjic family. - The appanage rulers, to whom Uroš reported Vulkashin’s impudence, gave him the word to subdue Vulkashin by force of arms next year. Vulkashin, having learned about this, turned to his sister and Urosh’s mother with magnificent promises - to do everything for Urosh; he managed to assure his sister so much of his devotion to Urosh that she, at the request of Vulkashin, urgently demanded and summoned her son to her in Skopje for reconciliation with Vulkashin. – Vulkashin met Urosh with honors like a king 19. Meanwhile, the insidious villain prepared the comrades of his planned crime. “He invited Urosh to go hunting, to the Kosovo field. – Tired of the hunt, Uroš dismounted from his horse at the well and bent down to get water. At that moment Vulkashin hit him on the head with a mace, and he fell dead. On a dark evening, with his hired comrades, Vulkashin carried the murdered man to the monastery Assumption Church, which is near Pestrich. In the monastery, of course, they said that he was a hunter who died unexpectedly. The deceased sufferer was laid in the church tomb, which had been ready for a long time; The sad church is still intact, although deserted. – The blessed one, being 31 years old, suffered on December 2, 1367 20. Vulkashin did not enjoy the fruits of secret villainy for long. Although he forced him to recognize himself as the main ruler of Serbia, while even the mother did not know about her son’s murderer, everything was soon lost. – Sultan Suleiman came to Serbia with 70 thousand troops. Necessity gathered the Serbs near Vulkasin. The Serbs were defeated on the Kosovo field; Vulkashin's brothers, Uglesh and Goiko, were killed; Vulkashin was carried out of the bloody battle by a horse; but when the villain lay down to rest, the squire, seduced by his rich attire, cut off his head. It was in September 1370 in the same place where the villain rushed around with a villainous plan 21. Meanwhile, the body of the righteous sufferer turned out to be incorrupt, and his glory was manifested in healings. He was laid with honor in the Nerodimlo church. Subsequently, from the horrors of Mohammedan fanaticism, it was transferred to the Srem Yazak monastery 22. Habakkuk, from the tribe of Levi, was a singer at the church and prophesied around 650 BC about the invasion of the Babylonians, which took place under him and during which he retired to Arabia, from where he returned to his fatherland after the enemies were removed from him. He also predicted the fall of enemies and encouraged the pious with the hope of salvation prepared for them by God. - How long, Lord, will I cry to You, and You will not hear, I will cry to You about violence, and You will not save? - Habakkuk turns to God, his soul languishing over the wickedness of his people, - why do you let me see villainy and look at disasters? “Look among the nations and look carefully, and you will be greatly amazed...” the prophet sees the Lord’s answer, “for I will do in your days such a thing that you would not believe if they told you... For, behold, I will raise up the Chaldeans, a cruel and unbridled people who walk across the breadths of the earth to take possession of villages that do not belong to them. He is terrible and formidable; His horses are faster than leopards and quicker than wolves of the evening; His horsemen come from afar, they fly like an eagle rushing at its prey. All of him goes for robbery; directing his face forward, he takes prisoners like sand. And he mocks kings, and princes serve as a laughing stock to him; He laughs at every fortress: he pours a siege rampart and takes it... Then his spirit is puffed up, and he goes around and rages; his strength is his God.” - “But weren’t you, from ancient times, Lord my God, my Holy One! - the prophet calls to God, shuddering from the horror of the vision, - we will not die! You, Lord, only allowed him for the sake of judgment. My rock! You appointed him for punishment..." “It is not natural for Your pure eyes to look at atrocities, and You cannot look at oppression; Why do you look at the wicked and remain silent when the wicked devours the one who is more righteous than he? “I stood on my watch and, standing on the tower, watched to find out what He would say in me, and what should I answer about my complaint?” “And the Lord answered me and said: Write down the vision and write it clearly on the tablets, so that the reader can easily read it.” “Behold, my haughty soul will not rest, but the righteous shall live by his faith.” “An arrogant man, like fermenting wine, does not rest, so he expands his soul, like hell, and like death he is insatiable, and gathers all nations to himself, and captures all tribes.” “But won’t they all pronounce a parable and a mocking song about him: woe to him who enriches himself beyond measure with what is not his own—for how long? And he burdens himself with collateral!” “Won’t those who will torment you suddenly rise up, and won’t robbers rise up against you, and you will fall to them for plunder?” “Since you have robbed many nations, you will also be robbed by all other nations for the shedding of human blood, for the ruin of the country, the city and all those living in it.” “Woe to the one who covets unrighteous gains for his house, in order to build his nest on high and thereby protect himself from the hand of wickedness.” “The stones of the walls will cry out and the beams of wood will answer them: “Woe to him who builds a city on blood and builds fortresses in wickedness!” “Behold, is it not from the Lord of hosts that the nations labor for fire, and the nations torment themselves in vain?” “For the earth will be filled with the knowledge of the glory of the Lord, as the waters cover the sea...” “Lord! “I heard Your hearing and was afraid,” the prophet prayerfully calls out. - God! Do Your work among the years, among the years reveal it; in anger, remember mercy.” “God is coming from Tem, and the holy one is coming from Mount Paran. His majesty covered the heavens, and the earth was filled with His glory. Its shine is like sunlight; from His hand are rays, and here is the hiding place of His power.” “He stood and shook the earth; He looked up and made the nations tremble; the age-old mountains fell apart, the primeval hills fell; His ways are everlasting." “You march through the earth in wrath, and trample down the nations in indignation.” “You come forward for the salvation of Your people, for the salvation of Your anointed. You break the head of the wicked house, stripping it bare from the foundation to the top.” “I heard and my whole being trembled... but I must be calm in the day of disaster, when my people’s plunderer comes against them...” “Even though the fig tree does not blossom, and there is no fruit on the vines, and the olive tree fails, and the field yields no food... yet even then I will rejoice in the Lord and be glad in the God of my salvation.” “The Lord God is my strength; He will make my feet like the feet of a deer, and will lead me to my heights!” The prophet Habakkuk died at a very old age and was buried in his homeland. Sozomen speaks about the discovery of his relics as follows (book 7, chapter 29): “Then (under Theodosius the Younger) the prophets were found - Habakkuk and, a little later, Micah.” “The bodies of both, as I heard, were indicated by a Divine dream to Zevennu, who was at that time the bishop of the church of Eleutheropolis. The name of the place where Habakkuk was found was Kela or the former city of Kila. The town of Virafsatia, near which the tomb of Micah was located, is 10 stadia away from that city." 23 Saint Isa or Jesse, Bishop of Cyclana Ise, a native of Syrian Antioch, was one of those 13 Syrian fathers, whose memory the Holy Church honors on May 7th. He lived in the 6th century. Ordained Bishop of Cyclanus 24, he found his flock in a deplorable state, in which pagan customs and superstitions prevailed, and where Christianity, planted here by St. Ninoy, which flourished for about two hundred years after her, has now almost completely fallen and there are almost no traces of Christian morality left. The saint actively and zealously devoted himself to the eradication of pagan superstitions and the restoration of piety, and God blessed his tireless labors with success. To establish faith among the people, he built several new churches and founded several monasteries; and to protect his flock from the influence of neighboring pagan peoples, Ise went to preach the word of God to the Ossetians and other inhabitants who lived in the center of the Caucasus ridge, and converted many of them to Christ. Despite these feats of Apostolic service, the saint never abandoned his monastic and ascetic deeds. His laborious life, which produced rich fruits, was crowned with a peaceful, blissful death. Having foreseen it by revelation from above, the saint gathered his church clergy, gave them his spiritual instruction for the last time, partook of the Holy Mysteries and, with his hands raised to heaven, surrendered his soul to God. – He was buried in the Church of the Mother of God (in the one where Her ancient icon is), and glorified by many miracles (continuing to this day) from his incorruptible remains, he was canonized by the Church as a saint. RKP. message to Polycarp. Words by M. Sylvester “Patericon. r. 144". Oh St. Polycarpe see July 24. Patericon. r. 144. In the Dictionary of Saints (St. Petersburg, 1836, p. 47), in the Kyiv index. shrines (p. 45) and in Vershinsky’s monthly book (p. 192. 375) - oddities: “he reposed in 1264,” while the narrator Simon died in 1226, and left the Pechersk monastery around 1204. See May 10th. "The Life of St. Urosha, m. dekem. 2 memory of St. and blessed Uros, young martyr, king of Serbia,” written with the help of reliable sources around 1595. About the year of Dushan’s death, Maykov’s remarks are correct, p. 241. 242. In the letter of January 10, 1356 it is written: “my royal authority prescribes and commands that if the mother of my royal majesty, the empress queen, wants to take something from them (Dubrovichan) from the auction: then my royal majesty gives them something for that and does not take it without ransom.” (Spomenn. No. 44). Urosh's mother was a queen, and Dusan's mother was a queen. Track. Jan. On the 10th, 1356, Urosh was king and ruled with royal power, and Dusan was no longer in the world. In the synaxar (l. 74) there is a strange mistake about the time of Dushan’s death and his years. Miklosic's mother Urosh's first queen was Elisabeth, in monasticism Eugenia (Monum. No. 234). So in the charter of 1357 on coins: Urosius imperator, Uros king. Glasnik III, 231–233. VI, 195–198. VII, 208–215. Zap. archaeol. total IX, 175. 176. About Sinis and Angel in Maikov, pp. 259–261. Chronicle in Glasnik XI, 147. Serbian Komneni in Glasnik XIII, 284–305. Letop. in Glasnik I, 165. XI, 147. In Avramovich's monuments No. 45. 49. 50. 53. 54. In letter No. 47. dated April 24. 1357: “the princes of my kingdoms, who tremble the kukyu of my kingdoms.” Miklosic is drowning. No. 148. Glasnik II, 197–199. In 1332, Dusan ceded Ston to the Ragusians, so that they would pay 1000 perpera a year for it. The fanaticism of papism soon demanded that the monks of the monastery of St. Nicholas left Moan; at the same time they promised to give them 400 perper for two years. In 1347 they moved to Jerusalem. monastery of St. Michael, built by Prince. Milyutin. Soon Orthodoxy was completely ousted from Ston. Makushev about Ragusa, pp. 10. 11. 69–71. In Reading total ist. 1865 About the relation of c. Dushana's chronicle to Orthodoxy. in Glasnik V, 67. 68. Norov has a colored triodion of 1374, written to “the holy archangel of the Serbian Church at Jerusalem” (Journal of Min. Enlightenment 1836, part XI, 537). Avramovich is remembered. No. 55. 56. Miklosic No. 151. This is what the ancient service says. Glasnik IX, 260. Izv. acad. V, 400. About the advice of Uroshu letop. at Rajic II, 792. Safarik pamyat., p. 54. Arkiu za povestu. III, 54. Byzantines at Stritter Serbica r. 334. 350. U o. Porfiry (p. 55) chrisovuled the despot John Uglesh about the construction of the Simonopetra monastery, on the occasion of the healing of his daughter, in October 6872 (1364). Charter of Despot John Uglesh in 1368 on the subordination of churches to the Greek Patriarch - inter acta patriar. constant 1, 558=566. Vinidub. 1860. In Grigorovich (p. 52) “Caesar Uglesh, ruler of Serble and the Danube” in 6931 (1423) gives Hilandar the village of Vrane. But here in the meaning of the year there is an error; According to the chronicle, Uglesh was killed on the Kosovo field in 1370 (Glasnik V, 76). Chalcondyla hist. r. 33 ed. Bonn. Franzo lib. 8. 11, p. 46, ed. Bonn. Raicha ist. 2, 613. 648. 676. Serb. letop. in Glasnik V, 68–72. In Treskavets there is a stone with the inscription: “m. genvara have time servant of God. Dabizhivi, foreigner (cupbearer) of Tsar Urosh in all the Srbsky lands, Grchsky and Pomeranian, in fol. 6875" (1367), 10 months before the suffering death of the king. (Grigorovich, p. 139). In 1320, Prince Dabizhiv was the king’s ambassador to Ragusa (Spomennitsy from Dubrovac archive 2, 2. Belgr. 1862). Dabizhiv was also included in the Sapochan Synodik. See Hilferding Serbian names records. in the Sopochansky memorial - in the history. acad. VII, 325–330. Extract from the life of Uroshev - from Hilferding, in zap. geogr. total XIII, 223–225. Letop. in Glasnik V, 72–75. A note in Miklosic’s typography: monumenta Serbica r. 177. Zap. geogr. total XIII, 325. Chronicle in Glasnik V, 76. 77. “Isaiah’s opinion of the theft Vlakashin” in Miklosic: “chrestomathia palæoslovenica, Vindob. 1864. According to the king's ruler (Raich II, 693), September was killed. 26th 6879 (1370). Raicha II, 678. Serblyak l. 76. Summer. in Glasnik 75. 76. “Full. month. East." archim. Sergius, vol. II, part 2, p. 377. “The city of Tsilkani was located in Kartalinia at the foot of the mountains called Tini, near the Narekvavi river confluence. to Aragva: now on the site of the former city there is a large and quite rich village, in which a church in the name of the Mother of God, built in the 4th century, has survived. son of King Mirian. In this church there is a treasure of the first centuries of Christianity: an old icon of the Mother of God of the most ancient writing on a board, as is known according to legend, from the manger of Bethlehem and dating back to the time the Georgians accepted the Christian faith.”