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St. Great Martyr Panteleimon (Pantoleon) During the reign of the Roman Emperor Maximian, when, as if in anticipation of the imminent triumph of the faith of Christ, there was a strong persecution of Christians, St. Great Martyr Panteleimon. He was born in the city of Nicomedia (in Bithynia) from a Christian mother, Evvula (her memorial on March 30th), and a pagan father, Eustorgius. Pantoleon, having lost his mother in childhood, was raised in paganism. Wanting to provide his son with a higher education, Evstorgius sent him to the best pagan school, where it seemed that all the Christian concepts instilled in him by his mother had been erased from the boy’s memory. But the seed was alive... undoubtedly, the afterlife prayers of the righteous soul of his mother were also effective, and the soul of the young man turned out to be a convenient soil for the perception of the lofty truth... After completing his studies at the school, Pantoleon began to study the art of medicine from the then famous court physician Euphrosynus and made such rapid progress that the attention of the emperor was already drawn to him, who expressed a desire to bring closer to him an intelligent young man distinguished by his success in science. At this time, an event occurred in Pantoleon’s life that gave an unexpected direction to his activities and decided his future fate. This was his meeting with the presbyter of the Nicomedia Church Ermolai. Ermolai lived in Nicomedia, hiding with a few Christians from the pagans, when during the ensuing persecution the magnificent local Christian church was destroyed and up to 20,000 Christians were burned, and Bishop Anthimus and many elders died as martyrdom. From the window of a secluded house in which Ermolai found refuge, he noticed the passing handsome young man Pantoleon and shrewdly guessed in him the chosen vessel of God's grace... He once invited the young man to enter his house and asked him about his parents, about his faith and his whole life, and entered into a conversation with him, in which he conveyed to him the main outlines of the Christian teaching. The words of the elder awakened in Pantoleon, later nicknamed Panteleimon (the all-merciful), memories of early childhood: he heard the same words from his late Christian mother and remembered how she often prayed, calling on the name of Christ... From then on, Panteleimon began to go to Ermolai every day and listened with pleasure to what the God-inspired servant of God revealed to him about Jesus Christ. It was as if something familiar was pouring into the pure soul of the young man - this ready-made church for receiving the Holy Spirit. He was finally confirmed in the Christian faith when, one day walking from his teacher and seeing on the road a child who had died from the bite of a viper, which was lying right there, he cried out to Jesus Christ with deep faith, may He show His power and resurrect the child - and the child came to life, and the viper gave up its breath... This miracle of the omnipotence and goodness of Christ was gracious and complete for Panteleimon enlightenment, and he immediately accepted St. baptism from Ermolai. Having then received St. Mysteries, he spent several more days in the presbyter’s house. Having become the owner of a true treasure, Panteleimon wanted to share it with his father. And God helped him convince his father to accept Christianity. This happened for the following reason: when Panteleimon had already gained some fame as a good doctor, one day a blind man was brought to him, who said that he had already consulted all the doctors, but none of them could help him. “I spent almost all of my property on treatment,” the patient complained, “but no one restored my sight... And now I am ready to give all the rest of my property to the one who will cure me of blindness... “The Father of light, the true God, will return light to your eyes,” said Panteleimon; - by me, His unworthy servant, He will perform your healing! - he added, inspired by fiery faith... - Whatever you promise to sacrifice, give it to the poor. “My son,” his father, who was present, said to Panteleimon, alarmed by his words, “why do you promise something that you cannot fulfill?” How do you hope to heal a patient whom all other doctors have declared incurable? – Those doctors could not heal him, because there was a great difference between their teachers and my Teacher... “But Euphrosynus himself had no success in treating this blind man,” Evstorgius objected, thinking that his son was talking about his famous teacher. Meanwhile, Panteleimon, approaching the blind man and touching his eyes, said to him: “In the name of my Lord Jesus Christ, I say to you: see!” And immediately the blind man regained his sight. At the same time, Eustorgius also received his spiritual sight... and, amazed by the miracle, believed in Christ, just like the blind man who received healing, and both of them were led by Panteleimon to the presbyter Ermolai, who, having taught them the truths of faith, performed holy acts on them. baptism. Following his appeal, Eustorgius died soon and peacefully. Panteleimon became the heir to his rich estate; he began to use it like a true Christian, that is, with a generous hand he used it for the benefit of those in need and, first of all, freed the slaves. Helping the poor, widows and orphans with money, visiting those imprisoned, he also treated the sick for free and healed them not so much with medicines as by invoking the name of Jesus Christ. All the people recognized the “all-merciful”, free doctor and began to turn to him especially since the rumor spread about his healing of a blind man. Such fame of the young doctor aroused envy in other doctors. Watching his actions to find anything reprehensible in them, they learned that he was acting in the name of Christ and spreading the faith in Christ, which the government was so strictly persecuting at that time; This was an absolutely sufficient reason to destroy the favorite of the people, and Pantoleon’s enemies hastened to inform the emperor about him, warning him that if he does not take action against this blasphemer of the gods, who himself believes in some crucified Christ and ascribes to Him all the glory of his healings, then he will manage to turn many away from true worship of God. To prove their testimony, they pointed to a blind man who believed in the Christ in whose name he received healing. The blind man who was called upon to receive his sight testified to the truth of his healing in the name of Christ, after none of the doctors brought him any benefit, also testified to his faith in the one true God who healed him and, refusing to renounce Him and worship the gods, was condemned to death. Then the emperor called Panteleimon and asked him if what he had learned about him was true? “Yes, you can believe, sir, that I really do not recognize false gods and with all my soul, with all my mind, I believed in the one true God - Christ, who raises the dead, gives sight to the blind, heals those suffering from incurable diseases...” the new confessor answered fearlessly. The emperor tried to dissuade Panteleimon, whom he knew well, from the error, whom he intended to bring closer to him as a doctor, but seeing that convictions could not shake the firmness of a Christian, he resorted to threats, reminding him of the martyrdom of Elder Anthimus. “If Elder Anthimus could endure suffering with firmness,” answered Panteleimon, “then all the more should I not be afraid of it, since I am young and strong... and I consider death for Christ the highest happiness.” After this, they subjected Panteleimon to the most severe torture: they whittled his body with iron nails, put him in a cauldron with molten tin, threw him into water with a stone around his neck, and gave him to be torn to pieces by animals. But God miraculously preserved the martyr unharmed, who showed the miraculous power of patience amid all the tortures. The people exclaimed in amazement: “Truly great is the Christian God!” and many turned to Christ; some attributed all these Divine miracles to the action of magic. -Who taught you magic? – the amazed emperor himself asked the martyr. “Presbyter Ermolai taught me not magic, but Christian belief,” answered Panteleimon, who knew that he would not be afraid to confess Christ, teaching everyone to believe in Him. - We want to see your teacher! - said Maximian and sent soldiers to bring Ermolai. Meanwhile, Ermolai had already received a revelation from God that he would have to suffer for his faith. He came to the king along with his servants Hermippos and Hermocrates. The king promised Hermolai great favors if he convinced Pantoleon to renounce his faith in the crucified Christ. “We do not have the power to do this, but we ourselves are ready to accept death for faith in the Lord Jesus Christ,” answered Ermolai and other Christians, and they delved into prayer - in anticipation of martyrdom... At this time, an earthquake suddenly occurred, and then a messenger appeared and announced that the idols standing in the church had fallen from their places and were broken... This was explained by the sorcery of Christians, and to calm the pagans, the emperor ordered the immediate execution of Ermolai, Ermippos and Hermocrates, while Panteleimon was taken to prison for the time being. Not even having time to turn Panteleimon away from the faith of Christ, the king sentenced him to death by sword. The great martyr joyfully and prayerfully accepted death on July 27, 305. Christians reverently buried his body, described his life and death so that his memory would be preserved. God glorified him with incorruption and numerous miracles, which are not exhausted to this day for all who with faith call upon his intercession before God. Memory of St. Since ancient times, Panteleimon was especially revered in the east 359; The churches built in his name in Armenian Sebastia and Constantinople date back to the 4th century. His relics were transferred to Constantinople. Part of his relics is now located in the Panteleimon Athos Monastery (inhabited since ancient times mainly by Russians). St. Panteleimon is revered by Western Christians as an assistant to doctors, but in our country he is called upon for special prayer assistance during the sacrament of the Blessing of Oil, in prayer for the weak and sleepless, and during the blessing of water 360. Venerable Anfusa (Anfnsa) Abbess and with her 90 sisters The daughter of the strategist Anfusa, leaving her parental home, first asceticised in solitude in caves, then, having met the elder Sisinius, she continued her asceticism under his leadership and, rising from strength to strength, reached that height of spiritual development when she herself could lead others. Many resorted to her advice with great benefit, and finally many virgins of the Mantinean monastery entrusted themselves to her management 361 . She suffered along with 90 sisters from the fierce persecutor of icon veneration, Emperor Constantine Copronymus, about whom the Serbian Chronicle says: “the hated bloodsucker wolf tried to extinguish the glory of the saints - he forbade calling anyone a saint, but ordered them to simply be called by one name, and he ordered the Mother of God to be called not the Mother of God, but the mother of Christ; he reviled the bright-hearted ranks of monastics like a mad dog; he slaughtered them like lambs, filled the dungeons with them: in one, called the praetor, he kept 354 monks and cut off the noses of some, the ears of others, gouged out the eyes of others, and charred the beards of others; St. Stephen, the crown of monks, and many others he tortured to death" (Glasnik X, 251. 252) 362. Having learned that, despite the prohibition, Abbess Anfusa fearlessly continues to support icon veneration in her monastery, and even convinced her brother to become one of the defenders of the holy icons, the despot ordered Anfusa and her sisters to be mercilessly beaten with whips. However, after the torture, Anfusa was left alone, because she predicted the birth of twins to the empress, the wife of the persecutor. This was in 754. After this prediction was fulfilled exactly, the empress began to honor Abbess Anfusa and even named her born daughter Anfusa in honor of her, 363 and enriched her monastery with many offerings. - Soon after this, Blessed. Anfusa died at a very old age. † Memory of Saint Clement, Bishop of Velichsky, and his collaborators: Angelar, Gorazd, Naum and Sava Enlighteners of the Slavs St. Cyril and Methodius raised zealous, selfless workers and sincere servants of God for the Church of God. - That was how St. Clement, and subsequently Archbishop of Velichsky. Such were his collaborators Gorazd, Naum, Angelarius and Savva 364. St. Methodius, Archbishop of all Moravia, having predicted his imminent death († 885 April 6), appointed as his successor the most experienced of his employees, St. Gorazd, and a Moravian by birth, who knew the languages ​​Slavic, Greek and Latin perfectly 365. The German clergy, selfish and corrupted by Romanism, seeing with what zeal the new archbishop began to rule the flock entrusted to him, realized that the second Methodius, who was so bitter for him, could be resurrected in him. “That’s why it hastened to use all measures to put a Viking in his place. Who was this Viking? He was dedicated by Methodius to be his assistant, but was his most insidious and most malicious enemy. The Viking, with a bad heart, was imbued with heresy (about the procession of the Holy Spirit and from the Son) and tried to intoxicate Svyatopolk and others with it, for which Saint Methodius anathematized him. Subsequently, the Germans themselves drove out the Viking as a notorious bad person 366. But now they needed him, and they did everything according to his wishes, as consistent with their intentions. The people honored St. Methodius and valued his disciples, but the Germans acted through Svyatopolk. They reported to the prince that Methodius’s disciples were spreading false teachings among the people, inconsistent with the teachings of the pope, and moreover, they were plotting against the power of the prince. Svyatopolk, having listened to the accused and accusers, found the former to be right and accused the latter. But Svyatopolk was busy with the war with Arnulf and gave the clergy of Romanism freedom to act according to their own will. The Germans began violence. “Who can express,” says a contemporary, how much evil they (the Germans) did with this violence, forcing the Orthodox to accept a bad dogma (πονηρῷ δόγματι)? Some became apostates from Orthodoxy.” But there were also those who decided to defend their beliefs. The cunning Viking was on the side of Svyatopolk’s enemy, Arnulf, as the consequences showed; but he knew how to bypass Svyatopolk, so he allowed him to act in his name. The Viking ordered Gorazd, Clement, Naum, Angelarius and many other adherents of Orthodoxy to be seized and imprisoned. After 80 days, seeing the firmness of the confessors of the Gospel truth, they were taken out of prison and, after severe torture, they were handed over to the soldiers in order to be escorted across the Danube, and more than one way. “Following the example of the Savior,” continues the contemporary, who commanded the Apostles, if they were expelled from one city, to go to another, the confessors went to Bulgaria, where they hoped to find consolation for themselves. Clement, Naum and Angelyar went to Belgorod, and Savva and Gorazd reached the prince’s possessions by a different route. Boris" 367. About the stay of St. Much in southwestern Bulgaria is evidenced by two ancient monuments, one is a list of Bulgarian archbishops, compiled around 1156, where he is placed among the Bulgarian archbishops between Methodius and Clement, the other is the church and monastery of St. Gorazda, located near Berat in Albania, where the relics of the saint rest in secret 368. Peter the Sicilian, who wrote his essay about the Manichaeans under Patr. Photius (before 889) and who dedicated it to the Bulgarian Archbishop, dedicated it, of course, to such an enlightened saint as Gorazd, who died, most likely, not before 896 369. Since St. Savva went to Bulgaria with Gorazd, then of course he labored with him in southwestern Bulgaria. Saint Clement, Angelar and Naum, when they first entered Bulgaria, encountered a difficult temptation. “On the banks of the Danube in a village, tired from the journey and lack of food, they were looking for a strange-loving and God-fearing man who could put them to rest. They found one and were accepted. He had a son, blooming with the beauty of youth. As soon as the strangers entered the house, this beautiful son, the only joy, the hope of the family, died. Can you imagine how the father suffered, what he did not say in such grief, having suffered misfortune at the entrance of the strangers? “A good reward for being strange! he said: for this reason I opened the house to you, so that it would be closed forever, left without an heir!.. But you will not escape punishment, even if you knew all the spells. You are in the hands of a father who is mourning his son from you - you will pay for all your deeds - with prison and execution.” They suffered no less than their father. “Tender and compassionate souls dared to do more than that.” They decided to turn to prayer. Softening the irritation of the sorrowful and angry father, they said: “We are not magicians, man of God; we curse those who engage in spells and serve the true God; “If you think that we are guilty of the death of your son, rest assured, we hope that the Lord will grant him life for us.” They prayed over the boy and - oh, miracle! - they presented their living son to the mournful father. The delighted father asked the servants of God for forgiveness for his insolence and offered them everything he had in gratitude for saving his son. Pleased with his good dispositions, they accepted what was necessary for their journey and in Belgrade came to the commandant Boritokan. He asked them who they were, and, seeing that they were servants of God, he let Prince Boris, for whom he was a commander, know about them: he knew that Boris loved such people. Having allowed them to calm down from the long journey, he then sent the prince this expensive gift, explaining to him that these were exactly the people he was so diligently looking for. “When they came to Boris, they were received with honor befitting people worthy of honor and respect. The prince asked them about their lives. They told him about themselves from beginning to end. The prince, having heard everything, heartily thanked God, who sent such ministers, so much needed for Bulgaria, who gave teachers and planters of the faith, not just any ordinary ones, but confessors and martyrs. - Having given them clothes suitable for sacred persons, he appointed the best chambers for their accommodation and ordered all the necessary maintenance to be provided. He himself wanted to talk with them every day, listened to ancient stories and legends about the lives of the saints, and through their lips reread what was in the scriptures.” “Those who were distinguished by nobility and wealth at his court came to the saints, like students to teachers, and asked about what was necessary for the salvation of the soul and, taking from these sources, passed on spiritual water to their families. Each one asked them to visit him in his house, considering visiting teachers as sanctification, believing that where these three teachers were in body, there was the Lord Himself. – The saints avoided crowds. They visited houses only on the instructions and permission of the prince. So one of the Bolgars, a dignitary named Ekhach, asked the prince for permission to receive Naum and the blessed one in his house. Clement and, when the prince allowed, he received the teachers with sincere joy and with all honor. - “And Cheslav’s home is consecrated by the installation of the Angelarium; The prince showed him the mercy of allowing him to receive the teacher, but Czeslav did not have long to enjoy the presence of the blessed one: Angelarius, having lived with him for some time, serenely surrendered his spirit into the hands of the angels.” Clement and Naum lived at the khach in full respect; but they provided him with more expensive gifts, sowing spiritual things and reaping material things 370. "Book Boris, the ancient biographer says, since he did not cease to take every possible care to ensure that the sacred men could get every opportunity to fulfill the work of God, according to the admonition of God, he separated Kutmichivitsa from Kotokiy and placed Doveta in charge over it; Doveta is given by the blessed one. Clement, or better Dovetu, entrusts Clement... Clement is sent by the teacher of Kutmichivitsa and orders were given to the inhabitants all over the country to receive this saint with zeal and to provide him with everything in abundance... Boris himself provided the blessed one. Clement gave him three palaces in Debole and also gave him places to rest near Ahrida and Glavenica.” – Clement did not deceive the prince’s hopes. Traveling around the country, he “loudly preached the salvation of God to the pagans” and expounded to everyone the concepts of saving dogmas and commandments. In each district he had chosen disciples, and their number extended to 3050; “While talking with them, he revealed the deeper places of St. Scriptures. He especially brought us unworthy, says the biography writer, closer to himself. And we never saw him idle: he either taught children, showing some the difference between letters, explaining to others the meaning of what was written, others leading his hand to write, or he indulged in prayer, listened to reading, wrote books.” Even under Boris, when he was not a bishop, he built the monastery of St. Panteleimon in Achrid. Seeing that the prince. Boris surrounded Bulgaria with seven cathedral churches, and he decided to build his own monastery in Ahrid. So in Ahrid there were three churches, one cathedral and two built by St. Clement, “which were smaller, but their roundness seemed more pleasant.” Thus, with the beauty of sacred buildings, he attracted the Bolgars to piety 371. “It was the eighth year of Klimentov’s teaching” and this was the last year of Borisov’s reign. “His son Vladimir 372 takes over the leadership; Having lived with power for four years, he became a simple man; his brother Simeon 373 became the heir of everything. Since rumor greatly praised Clement, the prince. Simeon invited him to his place. A personal meeting and conversations completely convinced the prince of Clement’s high merits. Then Clement is appointed bishop of Drembitsa or Velitsa” 374, to the land of the Dregovichi and Sakulaty, who, since the 7th century, began to accept Christianity little by little, according to the inspirations of the heavenly leader Vm. Demetrius of Thessalonica 375. Unfortunately for them, they still did not have a Bulgarian bishop. Clement "is the first of the Bulgarians to be a bishop." This was in 896 376 . During his teaching, the blessed one prepared many people who were able to give an account of their faith. Now in the rank of bishop, with consolation, “he appointed from them readers, subdeacons, deacons and presbyters” 377. “But he still had to work a lot to educate his flock, and he worked tirelessly. The people and the majority of the clergy were unfamiliar with church services and especially with its high significance. The saint “did not give sleep to his eyes,” teaching everyone and introducing harmonious order into the ministry; “he taught the clergy about church improvement and everything related to psalmody and prayers, so that finally the clergy of his flock were no lower than others who were famous in this way... There were no holiday teachings in the Bulgarian language”; the priests, not knowing the Greek language, did not know themselves and did not explain to the people the meaning of the holidays. Clement “composed words, simple and understandable, for all the holidays and became the second Paul for the Bulgarians. From his words they began to learn the secrets of the festivities celebrated in the glory of Christ and the Mother of God. The Baptist was not left without praise, and you learn about the wonderful acquisitions of his head; you will meet the life of the prophets, apostles, martyrs. Do you want to know how the monks lived? You will find a lot written about this in Bulgarian by the wise Clement” 378. An early legend says: “He also invented other writing signs, different from those invented by the wise Cyril. And through their words of praise and sacred chants he committed to writing” 379. It is most likely that the early narrator saw Clement’s works written in Glagolitic letters 380. There is no doubt now that the Slavs had their own writings before the invention of the Kirillova alphabet, only those writings were in many ways inconvenient 381 . After that you need to put that blessed. Clement, with the help of Kirillov's invention, improved the ancient cuts, and thus the Glagolitic alphabet was compiled 382. In Glavenitsa, says the Bulgarian storyteller, “pillars are preserved on which is inscribed a letter about the communion of the entire people with Christ.” According to ancient life, while the Bulgarian country, covered with wild forests, did not have fruit trees, Clement ordered fruit trees from Greece and ennobled the wild ones with grafting. According to a contemporary, God glorified the blessed one. Clement by the grace of miracles. Once he was returning from Glavenica to Ohrid, and he met two paralytic men and a blind man. - Compassionate about their misfortune, he raised his eyes to the sky, touched the unfortunate ones, the paralytic jumped up like fir trees and the light shone for the blind man. Bowed with old age and exhausted by labor, he wanted to give up the management of the diocese. “Give me,” he said to the prince, a few days so that I can talk with myself and God in my monastery.” The prince was saddened by such a request and answered: “What are you saying, our father? Can I allow another to sit in your pulpit during your lifetime? If I have saddened you in any way, forgive the sin of ignorance.” – The elder yielded to the will of the prince. But when he returned to the monastery, he fell ill and, foreseeing his imminent death, left Bulgaria a parting gift. – He has now completed the missing triodion, the one that is sung from the new week until Pentecost. He made a will about the books he wrote and other property, leaving one part to the department, the other to the monastery. He moved to the Lord on July 27, 6924 (916), and his sacred body was laid in the monastery, in a grave that he himself had prepared, on the right side of the porch 383. Relics of St. Clement is now buried in Ohrid, and icons with his face are often found in Bulgarian churches 384. St. Naum, - according to his life, although not ancient, the youngest of the disciples of St. Cyril and Methodius, accompanied Clement to Devola (a country adjacent to Lake Ohrid), was his assistant in the Gospel preaching in the wild country and “assisted him in everything until his death. He spent the rest of the time (after 916) in Devola and here he guided people with his wise teaching, freeing them from long-standing fatherly errors and directing them to the path of Orthodoxy. Having lived in holiness and piety, having gone through many labors and exploits, he ascended to the Judge of all exploits, and St. left his relics as a source of healing” 385. Konstantin, presbyter of Bulgaria, says that he is convinced of Fr. Nahum was busy compiling conversations for Sundays in 896 386. To this day, the monastery of St. Nauma, very extensive and with strong buildings. – According to local legend, the monastery was built by Prince. Boris-Mikhail and served as a shelter for Naumu Ave. Among the monastery there is a small, but already dilapidated and sagging, stone church of St. Nahuma. On the southern wall of the church in 1711 St. Nahum in monastic robes; near the northern wall there is a chapel with an ancient icon of St. Naum and here under the cover of his relics. Those who are sick, especially in soul, not only Christians, but also Mohammedans come here and lie on the tomb of the saint: etc. Nahum is known to everyone as a miracle worker. At the church there is a closet with a strong lock for those who are imprisoned here 387. In the Ohrid Metropolitan Church there are ancient icons depicting St. Clement in bishop's vestments and St. Nahum in monastic clothes; in the Bitola church there are two chapels in their name 388. † Righteous Nikolai Kachanov, Fool for Christ's sake Others are amazed at wealth, says the ancient writer of praise to the blessed one. Nicholas 389, others praise glory and power; others like tasty food. But is all this worth the surprise? All this is not eternal, it disappears along with life here, and it has not served others well in this life. In any case, neither wealth, nor glory, nor tasty food, nor pleasures remained with them forever - everything appeared for a while and, like a dream, passed and passed away its owners. Only virtue is immortal, eternal and blessed; That is why she is worthy of surprise and praise. How many rich and powerful people there were! And where are they? The glory of the saints is unquenchable. Such is the blessing. Nikolai Kachanov, fool for Christ" ... According to this writer, as well as another short life, the parents of Blessed. Nicholas, Maxim and Juliana were honorable people in Novgorod both by family and status, and what is more important, they were pious people; His mother led a righteous life and after her death is known with the name of a righteous woman, having preceded the death of her son by 9 years 390. Under the influence of such an example, Blessed. From his youth, Nicholas loved piety, diligently went to the church of God and did not share the pleasures of forgetfulness; His consolation was prayer. “From his lips, says the ancient news, prayer flowed to God like a fragrant censer; he loved purity, fasting, kneeling. When he led such a virtuous life, people, including nobles, began to please and glorify him. The blessed one did not desire human glory, according to the prophetic word: when the glory of his house increases, will he not leave everything? And he began to act like a fool for the Lord. The holy fool walked around the city, committed indecent acts, and in his mouth there was always a prayer to God... The Lord said in the Gospel: “Whoever loves father or mother more than Me is worthy of Me; “Whoever does not accept his cross and does not come after Me is worthy of Me.” So this blessed Nikolai Kachanov left everything for the Lord - villages, estates, many slaves, acquired complete poverty, endured a lot of suffering with his patience and courage, enduring winter frosts and poverty. The martyrs at one certain time suffered suffering, and all the days of his life he endured torment, endured the ridicule and pushing of the ignorant, praying for them.” “There was a rich nobleman in Novgorod. It happened that he was giving a feast, to which he invited the nobles of Novgorod. Blessed Nicholas walked along the street as usual. The nobleman met him - he knew him well - and, bowing to the ground, said to him: “Servant of Christ! create love, come to me to eat my bread.” The blessed one answered: “As God pleases, so it will be.” After a little time, the blessed one came to the nobleman’s house. The nobleman was not in the house at that time; the servants began to mock the holy fool: some pushed him, others beat him, others mocked him and said obscene words that were indecent to repeat. Leaving the house, he galloped through the streets, as he usually did. The nobleman returned to the house, guests gathered. - The owner ordered the servants to serve wine, honey and all sorts of drinks that were in his house. They went to the barrels with vessels. The barrels were full, but now there was not a drop in them. The servants, in fear, told the master about what had happened. He, not believing the servants, went himself and saw the same thing that the servants said. What to do? The guests have been summoned, and you cannot remain without wine. The owner hastened to send to the Varangian courtyard to buy drinks. Then, remembering the blessing. Nicholas, asks the servants: “Was the holy fool Nikolai Kachanov here? I called him very much.” The servants answered: “He was in your house, and some ignorant people gave him many insults; he left the house without saying a word.” The good master, realizing the sin of his servants, sent the best of his servants and ordered them to find the blessed one, wherever he was. Nicholas. “If you find him anywhere, call him to me with all humility, so that he will show me your sinner your mercy,” said the master. Those sent found the blessing. Nicholas and, bowing to the ground, said: “Servant of Christ! forgive us the sin that our master’s servants have committed, go with us to our master.” The blessed one answered: “As God pleases, so it will be.” Always gentle, the blessed one went with them to the boyar. The nobleman, who had been informed about this, joyfully met him on the porch (“at sunrise”), bowed to him to the ground, and seated him with the nobles - the blessed one was also from a famous family. “Blessed Nicholas! forgive me the sin of my servants and bless me to bring drink,” said the owner when everyone sat down. Blessed Nicholas answered: “Let it be as you want.” - He bowed and went with the servants to the barrels. The barrels turned out to be full, as they were before. The blessed one, realizing the grace that had appeared in the owner’s house and not wanting human glory, said to the boyar: “Do not tell anyone about the grace sent to you until God takes me from here.” And he secretly left the house. According to the life of the blessed Theodore the holy fool, Theodore did not allow Nicholas to visit the Trade Side, on which he himself lived; he usually drove him off the Volkhov Bridge or along the bridge to the Sofia side. This enmity between the two blessed ones was only a lesson for the violent freemen of Novgorod, and not the enmity of two hearts. Since this is what happened during this enmity. Nikolai chased Theodore to Volkhov, and Theodore, not getting on the bridge, walked on the water as if on a bridge, and Nikolai threw a head of cabbage he came across at him. Blessed Nicholas reposed on July 27, 1392 and was buried at the end of the cemetery of the Yakovlevsky Cathedral, on the road: this is what he himself wished. Of the posthumous miracles, Blessed. Nicholas, the most famous thing was the following: the blessed one who lived near the tomb. Nicholas Nikifor, so says the ancient story, lent Isaac and his son “half a kopeck of silver.” He wanted to borrow a letter from him, and since neither he nor his son knew how to write, he called the cleric John and begged him to write a letter. He refused, but finally wrote. When the payment deadline arrived, Nikifor asked to return the silver. But the debtor began to scold in response. “Nicephorus, taking guards, took Isaac to the city judges and presented the letter.” Isaac, fearing neither God nor God's judgment, declared that he knew nothing about the debt or the letter. “John was not in the city at that time, he went to Ladoga, to its chapel, to the Epiphany Monastery on the river. Sitting down, out of need; and besides, there was a feast of the transfer of the relics of St. Nicholas.” Upon returning, they told him how Isaac had lied about the letter he had written. In grief over such misfortune, he went to the tomb of the blessed one. Nicholas and prayed to the saint of God with tears. - “Blessed saint of Christ Nicholas! so he said in prayer, you did not abandon my hope before, when I was in need - in Moscow, you told me to go on my way and watched over me on the road; don’t leave me now.” Returning to the house, he lay down to rest at noon. Thinking about what happened, I fell into some kind of oblivion. The blessed one appeared to him. Nikolai said: “Don’t grieve, brother, and don’t be afraid, go to the judges tomorrow, God will justify your handwriting. Isaac confesses to everyone that he lied to you.” In the morning, John went to the judges and told how he wrote the debt letter. Isaac angrily denied his words. Three days have passed. People, having learned about the matter, began to reproach Isaac. Finally, Isaac feared God and went to the porch of St. Apostle Jacob confessed to everyone here that he had lied to John. Thus the words of the blessed one were justified. Nicholas and his prayer protected innocence! According to the chronicles, in 1554, “over the tomb of Blessed Nikolai Kachanov,” a stone church was founded “in the name of St. Vlkm. Panteleimon" 391. Out of high respect for Blessed. Nicholas, this church soon began to be called the church of “St. Nicholas the Wonderworker Kachanov" 392. – According to the statutes of the St. Sophia Cathedral, on July 27, the archbishop himself performed the liturgy in this church, and the abbot conducted vespers and prayer service 393. Blessed memory Nicholas is revered throughout the Church 394. † Repose of St. Joasaph, Metropolitan of Moscow Blazh. Joasaph, one of the Skrypitsyn nobles, accepted monasticism at the monastery of St. Sergius and from 1529 was its abbot. V. book. Vasily loved and respected him. Abbot Joasaph received (1530) the heir to the throne, John, from the font. Then, in accordance with a long-standing desire in. book Vasily, clothed his sick man, before his death, with monasticism 395. Feb. On the 6th, 1539, Joasaph was elected Metropolitan of Moscow, replacing Daniel 396 who refused the see. In his confession of faith, the appointee to the metropolitan wrote: “in everything I follow the ancient most holy patriarchs, who observe the true immaculate Christian faith, established by St. The Apostles and betrayed by the God-bearing Fathers, and not the one that Isidore brought from the unholy Latin Council, which shone with wickedness. In addition, I promise not to do anything just to please. prince or many princes, even if they threatened me with death, forcing me to do something contrary to the Divine and sacred rules” 397. Blessed Joasaph fulfilled his promise with complete firmness. During John’s childhood, the boyars did what they wanted, and the Shuiskys committed villainy. It was necessary to put a limit to the bloody outrages of the Shuiskys, and the prince was more capable of this. Belsky. The saint (in March 1540) begged from V. Prince's order to release the prince. Belsky from prison, and the smart, kind boyar was introduced to the Supreme Council of the Boyars. It was easy to foresee that the Shuiskys would cruelly repay the good shepherd for this; but he submitted himself to the will of God. Hopes for Belsky began to be justified: robberies and violence were stopped 398. The Metropolitan did everything he could for the good of Russia. He held in. the prince in Moscow and inspired everyone with courage when Sagibgirey 399 approached Moscow. At his request, favors and fatherhood were returned to Prince Vladimir Andreevich, his brother. prince, and freedom was given to the sufferer Prince Dimitri Andreevich, who had been in prison and chains for 49 years 400. But Prince Ivan Shuisky (in January 1542) managed to capture and send Belsky to Beloozero, where he was strangled. “Then a frantic crowd almost killed the saint: they threw stones at his cell; in the chambers of V. himself. he did not find protection for the prince; at the Trinity Compound they were ready to kill him, and only in the name of Pr. Hegumen Alexy begged Sergius to spare the life of the saint. He was sent to prison - to the Beloozersky Monastery 401. In 1553, the former Metropolitan of Moscow Joasaph met the king, the conqueror of Kazan, in the Lavra of Sergius 402. He begged for the grace to spend his last years at the place of monastic vows. He had troubles here too: those living with him then were those who themselves had little desire to live in the monastery and who were driven into the monastery only by the troubles of worldly life; they often insulted the blessed one. Joasaph by fits of his worldly self-will 403 ; involuntary and free sorrows of the blessed. Joasaph purified his soul for the bright joys of heaven and died peacefully on July 27, 1555. His relics rest hidden in the southern porch of the Trinity Cathedral 404. The saint diligently occupied himself with correcting books for the common good. In his collection we read: “With the grace of God and the help of the Most Pure Mother of God, I rewrote the lives of St. Rev. father. I wrote from different lists, trying to find the right one. And I found a lot of things in the lists that were not corrected. - And as much as possible for my bad mind, I corrected this; and what is impossible, I have left this aside, so that those who have greater understanding than us will correct the uncorrected and replenish the insufficient” 405. His sakkos is still intact, built, according to the inscription, “in the second year of his holiness,” a golden glaset (altabas), with a silver four-pointed cross, on which another, eight-pointed cross 406 was drawn in niello. See “Month. East" archim. Sergius, vol. II, part 2, July 27th. For a message about the numerous miracles performed and performed by the healer Panteleimon, see the book: “The Life, Suffering and Miracles of St. great martyr Panteleimon", 5th ed. 1876 The position of this monastery, although not precisely defined, is clearly visible, says Archimandrite. Sergius in “Month. East.” that she was on the way from Cappadocia to Constantinople, probably in Paphlagonia (vol. II, part 2, p. 217) Decree. message from the book: “Lives of the Ascetics of the Eastern Church.” This Anfusa, daughter of King Constantine Copronymus, was later also an ascetic in monastic life. Pam. its April 12th. Theophylact - βἰος Κλήμεντος ἀρχιεπισκόπου. Russian translation with Greek text - in materials for the history of writing. M. 1856. The writer calls himself the closest student of Clement and at the end mentions the Scythian sword, drunk in the blood of the Bulgarian. The latter hints at the war between Svyatoslav and the Bulgarians in 967. “Very knowledgeable in both languages, Slavic and Greek,” says the life of Clement § 15. According to the life of St. Methodius, “this is your land of freedom, a man taught good in the Latin books.” Miklosic: Homo turbulentus et ambitiosus ipsisque Bavaris invisus. Nam cum an. 894 Arnulpho se insinuasset pro Cancellario ipse cum creasset episcopum passaviensem, an. 899 deiectus est ab illa sede a Salisburgense episcopo. De eo chronicon passaviense, ed. in Mitteilungen Francof. 1846 s. 17. Vichingum, der war ein Wellgescheiter Herr, das evangelium den. Mähren predict er, wird Bischof mehr durch Gewalt, als Einheiligkeit. Vita s. Clementis § 5–14. Map of Ohrid and its surroundings during Grigorovich’s journey, Kaz. 1848; his own research on the Slavic Apostles, p. 6. Rosenkampf on the Helmsman, approx. 73. Petri siculi historia Manichoeorum, Ingolst. 1604. Bipl. Patr Lugd. t. XVI p. 753 s. Clement and Naum were sent to southwestern Bulgaria in 886, and Clement became Archbishop of Bulgaria only in 896 (See below, pr. 36. 40). The latter can be explained in no other way than by the fact that St. was still alive before that time. Gorazd, Archbishop of Bulgaria. Vita s. Clementis 5. 15–18. Vita s. Clementis § 17–19. 13. Brief life of St. Clement, published. Grigorovich § 8. 11. The compiler of a short life wrote no earlier than the 12th century, other things under the guidance of a lengthy life, as he himself says in § 5, others based on living monuments, for example. § 8–11, and other rumors are completely untrue, for example about the baptism of Prince. Boris, about the time of Clement’s consecration as a bishop. “The eighth year of Klimentov’s teaching was not the last year of the prince’s life. Boris, as others understood on the contrary, was only the last year of Boris’s reign. This is how biographer Klimentov shows the connection between speech. Therefore, Mr. Palauzov’s doubt (century of K. Simeon, p. 28) about the time of Boris’s death is in vain; The opinion of the Kharkov Bulletin (1864 II, 499) about the time of Klimentov’s arrival in the southwestern region of Bulgaria is equally unfair. Kliment’s biographer, under the influence of the desire to speak eloquently, is sometimes expressed unclearly and inaccurately, and does not always present events in the order of time. The same Bulgarian in the prologue of the 14th century. “And to him (Boris) I live, I live in Chernechstvo, and in his place I live Volodymer, his first son, who received the blessing of God and Mikhailovo on Semeon and took the table, driving out his brother.” Vita s. Clementis § 20. In the list of dioceses imp. Leo shows two “Wieliczkas”, one in the area of ​​the metropolis of Philippopolis of Thracia, the other under the jurisdiction of the metropolitan “Philippi of Macedonia”. Tafel, b. 49. 50. Clement was at the see of Wieliczka of Macedonia. At Laeken – Or ehr. 2, 290, in the Greek list of Bulgarian archbishops it is said: “Clement, appointed bishop of Tiberiople or Velichka, then received from the Bulgarian Tsar Boris to administer the third part of the Bulgarian kingdom, i.e. from Thessaloniki to Jericho and Kanin or Supiata.” – If Wieliczka Klimenta is the same as Tiberiopol, then the Slavs called it Strumnica differently (see May 2, pr. 18). Other cities listed here are located on the coast of southern Albania: Jericho and Kanina - near Avlon, Sopoti - in the Delvin district. – G. Grigorovich examined the two Glavenitsa and remained confident that the Glavenitsa of Clement was the one that was located in the province of Drach, on the way from Elbasan to Drach (Brief Life of Clement, p. 26). According to the list of imp. Lev, in the metropolis of Drach, the department of “Glavenitsa go Acrokeravnia” (Tafel.р. 50). – In the west of Ohrid, the middle strip of present-day Albania, from Drach to the Acrokeravnia Gulf, was occupied by the Slavs at the beginning of the 7th century; They also conquered the former colonies of the Wallachians - the Romans. Clement was not moved from Wieliczka to Ohrid: in the news of his student, the place of his department, just before his death, differs from the Ohrid monastery. When the independent Bulgarian Archbishop began to live in Ohrid remains unknown, although it is known that the imp. Basil 2, by letter of 1017, approved the rights of an independent Bulgarian archbishop for Archbishop John of Ohrid (Western Academic Sciences V, 260, 261. Temporary book 5). Nevertheless, it is clear that St. Clement, being the Velich archpastor, was also in charge of Ohrid. Demetrius of Thessalonica and the Slavs. M. 1847. If St. Clement arrived in Bulgaria in September 885 and remained a teacher for 11 years; he was consecrated bishop in September 896; whereas the book Boris lived as a monk in a monastery. About the works of St. Clement, now famous, see history. teaching about the fathers § 291. Only the “commandments about holidays” are not mentioned there, but this teaching is in the 12th century collection of the Sergius Lavra. Brief life of St. Clement § 16, 17. In the oldest list of the Glagolitic alphabet it is called Bulgarian. To this day, there are still manuscripts written in Macedonia in Glagolitic and their language itself is Old Slavic with shades of the Bulgarian dialect. Sreznevsky in 9 and 10 tetras. of Antiquities 1865, pp. 122–125. 1. 129–135. Izv. arch. total 1, 358–372. Evidence: a) Monkor Brave: “Slavs, trash (pagans in existence, chr’tami and cuts to chtyakhu and gatahu” b) Easter Chronicle (ed). Niebur r. 45): “peoples who have their own writings - Scythians, Sarmatians” and so on. c) Constantine Porphyrogenitus (de adm. imperio, p. 31) says that the Croats, accepting Christianity, confirmed with their own signatures an oath not to fight with Greek and Roman Christians, d) The court of Lubusha speaks of the boards of justice. e) Ibn-Fotslan shows the Slavs inscriptions on grave pillars, Ibn-el-Nedim shows evidence cut on wood, Massudi shows inscriptions on stones. In the Glagolitic alphabet, the signs f and sh are taken from the Cyrillic alphabet. the former was formed under the influence of the latter. Safarik thought so too, although he later changed his thoughts twice. Izv. acad. I, 374–376. II, 300–304. The inconveniences of the Glagolitic alphabet, the ambiguity of its letters, indicated by Sreznevsky in Izv. archaeogr. total 1, 360–361, also indicate its formation from folk cuts. Since it retained the ancient folk signs, this alone was the reason why the Glagolitic alphabet, despite the confusing meaning of the letters and their ugliness, remained with the Slavs for so long. – As for the opinion that the Glagolitic alphabet was invented by the Bogomils (Palauzova, Age of Simeon, p. 130), this opinion is not only not confirmed by any historical evidence, but it is also contradicted by the fact that the Gospels, interpretations of the prophets, and Orthodox liturgical books were written in Glagolitic letters, and not a single Bogomil work written in Glagolitic is visible. Vita s. Clementis § 24–27. G. Pazauzov wrote: “Clement remained in the rank of Bishop of the Great for almost 28 years.” No, if he was consecrated in 896, then he was a bishop for 20 years. Grigorovich travel., p. 116. 119. 129. Brief life: “having passed into a blessed life, he left here in (Ohrid) the holy tomb, a priceless treasure... Every day different diseases are healed here; St. the monastery became a doctor’s office for all those who come to the coffin.” The legal day of remembrance of St. Clement - July 27; but on some occasions he visited on other days. See St. Worshiper mountains, page 336. Life of St. Nahum in Greek. language, taken from the Moskhopol edition of 1742, printed from Russian. translation into Russian. demon 1859, II 136–144. It consists almost entirely of extracts from Clement’s Life; says very little about Nahum himself. This is how Medvedev read in his list of Konstantin’s conversations (table of contents of books § 128). The Synodal list says: “I am convinced that the formerly faithful people will transfer the Greek language to Slovensk” (Description of the Synod. RKP. No. 163). This means that it was not Nahum alone who convinced Constantine. Grigorovich travel., pp. 127–130. Grigorovich, pp. 112. 116. 151. In 1634, the abbot of the monastery of St. came to Moscow for alms. Naum with a letter signed by all archpastors of the Bulgarian-Serbian Church. Relations with the East 2. 158–162. 51–55. Two miracles and the praise of the bl. Nikolai in the RCP. collections of Uvarov (Tsarsky) No. 185, 135. Synod. b. No. 477. Brief life of Tolstoy 2, No. 368. The prologue only says: “on the same day (July 27) of the holy blessed Nikolai Kachanov, Christ for the sake of the holy fool, Novgorod miracle worker,” but there is no life. In the July Menea (M. 1646) the service of rights was placed. Nicholas; but the service is the same one that was written by rights. Andrei the Holy Fool (October 2) with the historical events of Andrei’s life. Macarius of antiquity 1, 200. 204. 207. In the chapel built on the site of her burial, there is an ancient inscription: “Righteous Juliana reposed in fol. 6892 (1384) at led. book Moscow Demetrius Ioannovich, under Archbishop Alexy of Novgorod, was buried in this place, where she now rests in secret.” In the census of churches in 1580 it is said: “on Yakovlev Street in the Church of St. Nicholas the Wonderworker Kachanov, the priest Maxim Savin receives an annual allowance of 6 rubles... In total, in the Church of St. Nicholas the Wonderworker Kachanov, the allowance for wine and thyme and wax is 15 rubles. 23 altyn and 2 money.” Time M. total ist.. book. 24, pp. 27. 28. Macarius of Antiquity 1, 201–204. RKP. Charter of the St. Sophia Cathedral on July 27. In the monthly gospel of the 16th century: “July 27, the repose of Christ for the sake of the ugly Mikula Kachanov”, Also in the calendar of the 16th century Tolstoy’s charter 1. No. 100, words. Uch. Academician's notes, book. 2. issue. 2, p. 117. Months of St. Petersburg. 1856. Above approx. 186. In the Otsensky list of saints of 1718: “the relics are hidden, there is a service, the memory is July 27th.” Karamz. 7, pr. 312. 328. 331. Nikon. l. 7, 19. Lviv. l. 4, 116. Kings. book, pp. 76. 77. Nikon. l. 7, 23–27. Kingdoms book 83–89. Nikon. l. 7. 33. Step. book 2, 239. Kings. book 100. Lviv. l. 4 139, book. Demetrius - brother of St. Prince John - Ignatius. See May 19th. Kingdoms book 100–102. Nikon. l. 7, 33. 34. East. act. 1. 329. II (In the scanned version of the book there is no text in this place - Editorial of the ABC of Faith) Tsar John to Kurbsky, p. 184. Lvov. l. 4, 152–154. Kingdoms book 319. 320. Step. book 2, 224. East. act. 1, 382. 383. Description. Sergius Lavra. 73. 74. Months of Sergius Lavra, M. 1850, pp. 15. 16. Description Sergius Lavra, p. 144. M. 1842. Savva - index of the Synod. sacristies, pp. 40, 41. Μ. 1858.