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† Suffering of St. book Roman Ryazansky It was a terrible time - the first time the Tatars were in Russia. It was a time of complete revelry of the strong will of the evil. But it was also a time of high Christian deeds. The Ryazan Church was then adorned with the great deeds of its princes and, most of all, with the high, martyrdom of St. Prince Roman. His two grandfathers, princes Yuri and Oleg Igorevich, died as sufferers for their homeland in the battle with Batu (1237). Book Oleg Igorevich, handsome in stature and face, was dying of wounds on the battlefield; Batu, seeing the courageous prince, wanted to treat him so that he would enter into his service. “I cannot be on friendly terms with the enemy of Christians,” said the dying prince. Enraged, Batu ordered to chop him into pieces 236. Book Oleg Ingvarevich, father of St. book Romana also suffered a lot of torment from the Tatars. Captured by Batu, he was carried away into the horde and languished there in captivity for more than ten years. Released to Ryazan (1252), he had to obediently watch as the Tatar enumerators (in 1257) listed the lands of Ryazan and Murom, and in 1258 he died as a monk 237. Book Roman was brought up by sorrows in love for St. faith. He lived in tears and prayer for his homeland. He tried to alleviate the lot of his ruined and oppressed subjects; He especially took care to instill, by word and example, in children and subjects a love of faith and piety, as sources of the best consolation in the sorrows of life. His instructions were not fruitless. And for our time, a monument to the piety of the children and wife of the prince has been preserved. Romana: this is a nomocanon copied due to their zeal in Kyiv 238. The pious prince of Ryazan was greatly consoled by the fact that in 1261 the chair of an Orthodox bishop was installed in the horde itself. The Russian Saint among the tents of wild paganism is a gratifying phenomenon for all pious hearts. In Saint Saraisky they were seen as a comforter and mentor both by the princes languishing in the horde, and by entire thousands of people captured in captivity by the Tatars 239 . Book Roman unquestioningly obeyed Khan Berkai, and showed the same obedience to his successor Khan Mengu-Temir. But he loved his subjects dearly. And it was this love of his that caused a storm of troubles against him. Khan Mengu-Temir was informed that Prince. The novel vilifies the great king and his faith. This was the slander of the evil Baskak, whom the prince restrained from inhuman violence when collecting tribute. But for a strong villain, assistants are always ready: and for the Baskak there were those who confirmed the denunciation of the good. prince Proud of his happiness, Mengu-Temir announced that the prince must choose one of two things - either painful death, or the faith of the Tatars. The noble prince replied that a Christian cannot change his faith for another. The Tatar officials, to whom the prince was handed over, tried to persuade the prince to their faith with caresses and threats. He firmly answered that pure faith is one, faith given by God, Christian faith; she is one, just like there is one true God. “I regret your blindness,” added the prince; Submissive to the will of God, I obey the power of the khan, but in insult to the will of God no one will force me to change my holy faith.” The Tatars gnashed their teeth and began to beat the prince. “I am a Christian,” said the prince; but they covered his mouth with a handkerchief and threw him in chains into prison. In a stuffy prison, the prince prayed for grace-filled help to be sent to him; he had a presentiment that death awaited him, and, surrendering himself to the will of God, he prayed to give him strength to accomplish the Christian feat. The proud khan pronounced a sentence on the firm prince: let him die a painful death. The prince, taken to the place of execution, began to talk about the sanctity of his convictions and the failure of the faith to which he was forced. His tongue was cut out. And then they began to torture him with horrifying brutality: they cut out his eyes, cut off his fingers and toes, cut off his ears and lips, then cut off his arms and legs. When only one body remained with sparks of life, they tore off the skin from the head and stuck the head on a spear. The noble Russian prince suffered and endured, just like St. Jacob the Persian. So the spirit of a faithful Christian is higher than anything else on earth. Human malice can deprive us of our good name, can put us in chains, and can torment us. But, destroying bodily life, depriving us of everything temporary, he cannot change in us, without our will, a single holy feeling, not a single holy thought. A soul that has protected itself from sin by the fear of God is not afraid of bodily torment. They not only do no harm to her, but increase her reward for faithfulness to the holy will of God. The martyrdom of St. Romana took place on July 19, 1270 240. An ancient chronicle, speaking about the painful death of the prince. Romana, adds: “beloved Russian princes! do not be seduced by the vain and short-lived brilliance of this light: it is emptier than a cobweb, it changes every hour, like a shadow, like smoke disappears, and everything is a dream. Naked we came from our mother’s womb, naked we will depart from here. Do not offend each other, do not take what belongs to others; love truth, humility, patience, love and mercy. And you will achieve the joy of the saints, just as this blessed Prince Roman bought the Kingdom of Heaven through suffering and, with his relative Mikhail Vsevolodovich, the Prince of Chernigov, received an imperishable crown from the Lord, as one who suffered for the Christian faith” 241. This edifying advice suggests that the memory of Prince Roman has been honored in the Russian Church since his death. His face, according to legend, was depicted like this on icons: a prince of no old age with light brown hair, curly, falling from his ears in a thin wave, wearing a sable fur coat on his shoulders, in a velvet robe, his right hand stretched out in prayer, and his left holding the city and the church 242. In 1812, on the day of memory of St. book Roman, the first victory over the French was won at Klyastitsy. In memory of this, it is necessary to write an image of St. book Romana on the wall of the Church of the Savior in Moscow. † Repose of the blessed. Stefan Lazarevich, Despot of Serbia After the painful death of Prince. Lazarus, his eldest son Stefan remained still a minor 243. And Stefan's mother, the smart princess. Militsa took over the affairs of Serbia. Although the Sultan, the winner of Serbia, gave Serbia his administration, Serbia was obliged to field 30,000 troops for each war of the Sultan, and it also had to contribute 20,000 gold ducats to the Sultan’s treasury every year 244. - The situation is not easy! Meanwhile, Vuk Brankovic managed to get himself the title of Stefanov’s guardian and ruler of Serbia. At first, Vuk Brankovic managed to get himself more than half of Serbia. But the smart despotissa little by little improved her and Serbia’s affairs. At first, it was necessary to work a lot in order to somehow improve the war-ravaged region. – To add insult to injury, discord arose: some proposed to enter into an alliance with Hungary and fight with her against the Sultan. This thought captivated others to such an extent that a conspiracy was hatched to deprive Stephen of his rights as a despot. And other ill-wishers brought to the attention of the Sultan that Stefan was the enemy of the Sultan. “The Despotissa herself came to the Sultan with an expression of submission. The Sultan received her kindly. Then the young despot went to Bayazet. After the ceremonial reception, Stefan was in no hurry to leave the palace. “Why did you stay?” the Sultan asked anxiously. Stefan boldly answered: “Since some people spoke ill of me to Your Majesty, I myself want to tell the truth about myself, although not advantageous. Indeed, some advised me to resign from your power and become a friend of the Hungarians; but I saw the inappropriateness of this union, I remember the oath and your favors, and then I appeared in the face of your Majesty: my life is in your hands: do it as you please.” Bayazet was amazed at the sincerity; paused and then explained to the young prince that an alliance with the Hungarians was definitely not a smart thing - he would soon humble them; “If you,” added the Sultan, share my campaigns, “you will be at peace,” I take you for a son, “my children, I feel, will quarrel; then the time will come that you will not only quietly rule your country, but you will acquire neighboring ones; In my presence, do this: humble your strong ones and hold them in your hands.” “No one expected the formidable Sultan to receive young Stefan so fatherly, and even more so there was joy for Serbia.” Bayazet “asked the despotissa Salome, her youngest daughter, to be his wife and promised to accept Stefan as his son.” For the peace of Serbia, the smart Milica agreed to fulfill the Sultan’s wishes. This was in 1393 245. - A year after that in 1395. Stefan and his army went on a campaign to help Bayazet, who was at war with Hungary; and a year later he was supposed to fight with the Sultan’s troops against Bosnia, but this time untimely deep snow did not allow the Sultan’s troops to reach Bosnia. – For this reason, Serbia was spared the defeats inflicted by Bayazet on the crusaders, Hungary and Greece. In one of his letters, Stefan wrote: “by the providence of the Almighty, Serbia got rid of the enslavement of Izmail, which began with the Kosovo field: the king of Persia came and crushed Hagaryan; God delivered me from the hand of the Persians.” The terrible Timur demanded that Bayazet humble himself before him - the thunderstorm of the east. “Wouldn’t it be better, thought the Sultan, if I defeat my enemies? Then both the east and the west will be in my hands.” And he sent a cruel refusal to Timur, and a messenger was sent to Stefan so that Stefan would hurry with the army to him. Stefan wanted to be faithful to his benefactor. In the terrible battle of Ankyra, Timur's troops surrounded Bayazet. Stefan cut into the enemy's ranks three times to save Bayazet. When his troops were reduced and there was no longer any hope of victory, Stefan fought his way through the ranks of the enemy, saved the life of Bayazet’s son Suleiman, and arrived in Constantinople. Tsar-Grad also trembled Timur; but he turned to Egypt and, having defeated it, went to Asia. Stefan sent an envoy to Timur with a request to release his sister, Bayazet's wife. “What does the hero of Macedon mean? He walked around the whole earth and did not keep anything behind him, to his shame,” this is what Timur said to Ambassador Stefanov. And he added that “he will come back to them not by sea from the east, but by land from the north and will go all the way to the west.” Timur thought so highly of himself: and yet he freed Maria, who until that time, naked to the waist, was bringing drink to Timur, while Bayazet was eating crumbs under the table with the dogs 246. Stefan was confirmed in the rank of despot by the Byzantine emperor. Bayazet's sons soon quarreled: Suleiman occupied the western valleys, and the elder brother occupied the eastern ones. Suleiman guarded Stephen on his way from Constantinople to Serbia. Stefan went to Mytilene and from there arrived by ship in Albania. Yuri, married to Stefan's aunt, this time gave him his detachment, and Stefan arrived safely with his brother Buk in his capital city of Srebrenica 247. - But after that, Brankovic united with Suleiman’s pashas to conquer Serbia - the Sultan. Stefan gave half the army under the command of his brother Vuk, and with the other he entered into battle with the pashas and, with a deft maneuver, defeated the pashas; Vuk was not happy; Yuri destroyed almost his entire detachment. This was in 1402. The eldest son of Bayazet entered into an alliance with Stefan, already as an independent owner. But Vuk, offended by his brother, hurried to Suleiman; Militsa hurried after him to persuade him; not having caught up with him in Serbia, the undaunted woman came to Suleiman’s headquarters and managed to reconcile the Sultan with Stefan 248. Having entered into marriage with the daughter of the Emperor. Kantakouzena (in 1403), Stephen had a kind, pious wife in her; only she turned out to be barren, and this saddened both of them. The aged Milica-Evfrosiniya became a monk with the name Eugenia in the monastery of Ljubotinia, which she built between Karanavac and Krusevac, and soon (November 11, 1405) died. Happy was Stefan, who had such a mother as the prince. Militsa; intelligent, energetic, pious, she greatly eased the plight of the people, over whom the sword of the Turks began to weigh, she restored folk churches, for example. The Decani monastery was consoled by poverty and homeless widowhood. The chronicle says about Militsa: “after the death of her husband, not far from Krushevets, in Russia, she built a monastery, called Lyubostina, and there she took monastic vows and married many sisters, especially great ladies, whose widows were tired of their husbands who were beaten with Lazarus in Kosovo. And there she died and was buried. And how she pleased God there is evidenced by everyday miracles on the weak who come to her tomb, and myrrh flows from her tomb many times.” She died in the Great Schema on November. 11th 1405 249 . Stefan, with his intelligent rule, put in order and revived his homeland. – He was written in letters: “by the grace of God, lord of all the lands of Srpska and Pomoria and the Danube countries” 250. The neighbors respected him. – The Hungarian king Sigismund sought an alliance with him. Taking advantage of the silence, Stefan began to decorate Belgrade, which he had chosen for his stay. Having built himself a princely house and a church of St. Nikolai, built an extensive hospital at the latter. Then he began to build a monastic monastery, Zadushbina; it's on the mountain near the river. Ressava, in the Branicevo district. The church was built in honor of the Holy Trinity, and it was decorated by the best artists; Monks were invited, especially from Mount Athos. The patriarch was invited to the consecration of the church. Kirill, with the council of Serbian archpastors, honorary secular people of the principality were also here. On the Feast of the Holy Trinity in 1408, the church was consecrated with full celebration 251. According to the life, the church was decorated with marble and expensive musia; the chronicler speaks of his painting: “the gold of Bansko and the writings of Resava cannot be found anywhere” 252. – Monks were invited to host the hostel, especially from Mount Athos. Brother Vulk rebelled against Stefan. Having promised Suleiman to be his tributary, he and his army went to devastate Serbia. Stefan broke it. Vulk brought more formidable Mohammedan hordes. Stefan, not finding himself able to fight so many enemies, said with grief in prayer to the Lord: “You see if I am unjust,” and ceded half of Serbia to Vulk. The bun was not in vain. Soon a stubborn struggle began between the three sons of Bayazet. The eldest son of Musa, not so much cruel as drunk, was driven out of the Sultan's carpet after 5 years of rule; Suleiman remained sovereign. But Musa found help from the Wallachians. The younger brother Mahommed also rose up against Suleiman. On the advice of the Byzantine Emperor, the Brankovichi and Lazarevichi, with the exception of one Stefan, went over to Suleiman. Musa was defeated in Asia, but in Adrianople those who betrayed him fell into his hands and they all, except Yuri Vukovich, were put to death. Musa triumphed over Suleiman; but the son of the brother he killed, Orkan, rose up with revenge for his father. – Musa began to pour out cruelty on those whom he saw as unfaithful to him. The Bulgarian governor Yusuf and Yuri Brankovich fled under the protection of Stefan. – In 1413, Musa ascended to Serbia in order to destroy everything in it. Mahmud and Orkan rushed to help Stefan, and the Hungarians too. A terrible slaughter took place, similar to the Kosovo one; Musa was defeated and, when caught, executed. Stephen was confirmed in the rank of despot by Mahmud 253. When the region calmed down, Stefan continued the work of internal improvement of the country begun earlier. He had the following management order: the highest management - a council of boyars under his direct command; here he consulted with the best people about the improvement of his homeland. The made assumptions were transferred to the middle chamber for new discussions; its decisions were carried out by the lower house. The prince did not allow those serving under him to allow any insult to one another or to offend in any way piety. Sincerely pious, he devoted his free time to prayer and spiritual deeds. He, more than anyone else, was involved in translating Greek works, among other things, Zigabenova’s polemics against the Bogomils 254, and he himself wrote works 255. He gave alms to the poor generously and most often secretly from others; sometimes at night, unseen by others, he would go around the shelters of poverty and leave money either on the window or in another place of the hut. One night a thief known to him met him; He handed him a coin too, with the words: “Take it, thief, and don’t steal.” He answered: “It’s not I who is the thief, but you, because you are stealing the Heavenly Kingdom from yourself, exchanging it for an earthly one” 256 . One beggar came to him four times at night for a handout. The last time the despot told him: “Take it, thief, and stop stealing.” He answered: “And you are a thief, but smarter than me, - you steal heaven for yourself for the earth” 257. If he heard about some hermit living for the Lord, he hastened to send him what he needed for prayer. In a letter to Hilandar, he wrote: “from my youth and youth, I have been working with God to create everything for me, in many evil and formidable temptations, rather than let them die... And the Lord deliver me from all of them... Today is a treasure of the great goodness of God They opened up to us and humbled themselves (were pacified) and the sneezing and clouds of darkness parted and all the sunshine was given to us. And the speech with the Apostle: now is the time of favor, now is the day of salvation” 258. He always had peace for wanderers. He provided support to officials who retired from service, just as he provided assistance to all victims of a fire or other disaster. He did not like any worldly entertainment - neither music nor dancing. He was not carried away by any kind of female beauty; he lived purely, like a monk, to the surprise of everyone 259. He gained such love and respect for himself that even his father’s priests prayed out loud: “we also pray for Despot Stephen and the Serbian country.” The knights of the West considered it a great honor if they received the title of knight from the hand of Stephen: “Despot Stephen himself made me a knight,” they later said. When Sultan Mahmud was asked by many to give freedom to Begu Mikhail, he answered: “I will not release him until I ask the advice of my brother the despot.” Stefan, knowing the prisoner’s cunning, gave the following answer: “if you want to feed a snake in the house, take away its sting.” And Mahmud did not release the prisoner until his death. Orkan gave him freedom and paid dearly for it. When Mahmud died in Adrianople, those close to him advised Stephen to take advantage of the opportunity to take possession of Adrianople. “I swore to the Sultan to do everything good for his children,” answered Stefan. Essentially, the point was that with the division of power and its means between the appanage owners of Serbia, Despot Stefan was not so strong as to happily end the struggle with the heir of Mahmud for the complete freedom of Serbia. These appanage owners too jealously defended their personal benefits, as Stefan saw from the experiences of his life; old customs, unfortunately, stood at one with the painful organization of Serbia. Stefan once again had to experience for himself how difficult it is to fight a long-standing political disease. After the death of Zeta ruler Yuri Bakšić († 1420), the despot, relying both on kinship and especially on the desire to strengthen the fortress of Serbia with a single power, besieged Skadra twice; but the Zetians held out when their appanage ruler Chernevich 260 appeared. In his last years, Stefan suffered from his legs. Feeling the approach of death, he invited his son-in-law Yuri, the patriarch, bishops and great boyars. In the presence of everyone, he thanked his faithful servants and declared George his heir. “From now on, recognize him as your sovereign instead of me,” he said. However, this time Stefan was freed from a dangerous illness. He fought with Amurat two more times and made peace with him. At this time, donating five villages to the Mileshevsky monastery, he wrote: “through their prayers (the Serbian saints) I was saved many times, at sea and on land, in towns and in various needs and the presence of foreigners. Even my damned soul has been returned from the gates of darkness” 261. - He finally died peacefully on July 19, 1427 262. Serbia wept bitterly over the death of Stefan, feeling that she would no longer have such a smart, so brave and so kind guardian of her peace. A contemporary of Stephen, understanding the significance of Stephen, wrote with animation: “And now You, our God, have shown Your power among Your people, not completely leaving Your inheritance to the plunder of tongues. And now You have left those who did not bow the knee to Baal, in the weakness of their nature. They were strong in battle, preferring to suffer with the people of God rather than drink the temporary sweetness of sin. They suffered for the flock of Christ... It is natural for those who cry to seek relief in touching examples. So I, having found myself a ship, as it were, sail on it through the depths of the sea... Stephen surpassed many rulers in wisdom, but no one surpasses him in mercy and faith” 263. Sister of Basil the Great. The life of her and another sister of Basil the Great, Rev. Theosevia, is described in the life of their mother, St. Emilia, May 8. Venerable Diy, abbot and wonderworker From Antioch of Sira, where in his youth he labored in piety, St. Diy arrived in Constantinople and here he first lived in a deserted cell, and then, with funds given by Emperor Theodosius the Younger, he founded a monastery; died in 430. Collection l. 1, 221. Bonfire. l. 1, 94–96. About this Oleg RKP. Saints: “St. missus Prince Oleg Igorevich Pronsky, in St. baptism of Kozma; Batu was killed quickly for confessing Christ.” Shchekatov (dictionary 4, 539. 540) then shows the book. Oleg, Romanov's father, killed in a battle with Batu, then took control in 1250 and died in monasticism. The mistake was that the uncle and nephew were mistaken for the same person. Oleg Ivanovich in his letter says: “if our great-grandfathers put the Holy Mother of God first, Prince. Vel. Ingvar, book. Oleg, Prince Yuri" (Ist. ac. 1. No. 2). Here are those books. Oleg and Yuri, who, according to the chronicle, fell in the battle with Batu. Murdered Prince Oleg the Red is buried in Boris and Gleb Cathedral, while the father of Prince. Romana book. Oleg Ingvarevich was ordained a monk “in the Church of St. Spas." Collection l. 1, 203. Collection l. V, 187. VII. 243. Nikon. l. III, 30. 38. Genealogy. book 30.193. Description RKP. Tolstoy, pp. 207. 208. Histor. Rus. Cer. 2, 21. 22. 96. Collection l. IV, 42. V, 197. VII, 243. Nikon. l. III, 53. 55. According to the Dictionary of Saints, book. Roman was forced to convert to Mohammedanism. This is not true. In the steppe book I. 384 books. Roman says: “It is not worthy to follow the custom of idolatry of your vile faith.” East. Rus. Cer. 2, 17; monthbook 1856 Collection l. V, 197. Apk. Years. III, 53. 54. Buslaeva people. words and art 2, 351. Grigorovich writes: “the life of Stephen the Despot, written, in all likelihood, by Konstantin Kostensky, is much more important (the life of Dechansky) for the history of Byzantine and Serbian... As far as I can guess, there are several reviews of this life. One is genuine with details; the other is the one that walks around Russia; the third is included in the Tsarostavnik and Nikon’s chronicles.” Izv. acad. VII, 221. In Bodyansky (about Slavic letters, pp. 89 and 43): “the life of the pious master despot Stephen, copied by the command and compulsion of St. Patriarch of the land of Serbian Kiri Nikon”, etc. The biographer says: “from the most holy Kir Nikon, Patriarch of the Serbian and Pomeranian lands, who came to Belgrade (for the burial of Blessed Stefan), from the military governor (K. George) and from other best people we received an order to write the life of this holy despot; but due to unfavorable circumstances the matter was postponed. Four years after his departure, the blessed one himself appeared in a dream vision, threatened to punish him for disobedience and ordered him to fulfill his promise. That’s why I tried to write a life.” Raich (III. 105) did not know who wrote the life of Stefanov. But the Serbian Chronicle says (Safarika memorial 2:63): “Every life is written by Constantine as a philosopher, according to many prayers of the Synclite.” Raicha ist. 3, 82. Nikon. l. 3, 244. Laonicus book 3, p. 105. Life of Stephen; Nikon. l. 3. 245–248. Raich's king's steward. 3, 96. Tsarostavnik at Rajic 3, 99–101. Life of Stephen in the West. geogr. total XIII, 232. 233. Glasnik V, 94. On the correction of the Decani monastery, letter from Miklosic No. 248. 492. In the letter from Stefan Lazarevich, December 2. 1405, given to Dubrovnik, Stephen's mother is called the deceased Cyrus Euphrosyne. Entry on the Vulkovsky Hilandar type: “m. November 11th day, leave all the monks of Euphrosyne, friends of the holy prince Lazarus.” In the Hilandar charters: “I am the blessed monk Eugenia and with my God-given sons” (Miklosic monum. No. 246–251). According to these monuments, book. Before her death, Militsa accepted the great schema and at the same time the name of her baptism, the name of Euphrosyne; and after the death of her husband she became a nun, Eugenia. Oh mon. Lyubostinia Chr. Thurs. 1865 2, 141, 142. Its coins are in the West. Archaeol. total 1, 367. IX, 176. 177; in Glasnik V, 214. Sl. note from a contemporary in approx. 22. Letop. in Safarik's Monuments, p. 61. Rajić 3, 111–116. Zap. geogr. total XIII, 151. 152. Grigorovich put. 165. “I translated many scriptures from the Grch scriptures, especially from those that were before.” Safarika Pamatky s. 62. “Ispisase book of this for the great lord Srblem despot Stefan,” as it is said in the manuscript of the second book of Panoplia Zigabenova by the Reverend. Agathangela. Vyatka dioceses. led 1864 No. 4. In addition, by his order in 1426, Chrysostom’s conversations on Genesis were translated from Greek into Serbian - one part by Jerome. Jacob, the other - the priest Benedict. – At 2 o’clock per l. 351 is written: “in l. 6934 (1526) in the days of the pious and blessed. and the God-crowned lord of all Serbian and Pomeranian lands and many honorable Ugrian and Bosnian lands, the wise and sweet and glorious despot Stephen, these saints and deities. books, six-day book John. Chrysostom, drink Benedict in St. grief of the Grchsky tongue of Srbsk, to the glory of God, etc. Mother of God Leshchianskie". Description Synod. RKP. No. 62, p. 48. Miklosic (monum. No. 258) has an inscription on the book: “in the days of the faithful and Christ-loving lord despot Stephen - in the 24th year of his kingdom, this book was written by the hand of the sinful eromonk John in the Leshchianskaya desert, commanded by the lord despot himself - then the summer of 6920 passed (1412)". Witty sayings ed. in Glasnik XI, 165–170, and in Izv. acad. VIII, 400. Letop. in Glasnik V, 99. in Rajic III, 104. In Avramovich's description of Serbian antiquities on St. Grief No. 16. Miklosic has monum. No. 269, he also has other letters from Stefan Hilandar with donations No. 493. 494. Tsarostavnik at Rajic, 3, 105–109. Chronicles and letters from Maykov, p. 274, from Raich III, 125. Maykov blames the despot (pp. 282. 283) for not taking advantage of the estates of the children of Bayazet and, in conjunction with Paleologus and Sigismund, did not expel the Turks from Europe. But when he reached adulthood, he was in alliance with Hungary and Byzantium; Was it enough to drive the Turks out of Europe? No. The failure of Serbia depended most of all on the fact that Serbia suffered from fragmentation of power. With such an organization, either her brother took half of Serbia from Stefan, or the Brankovichi or Balsici fought with Stefan, he barely had the strength to fight his domestic enemies. Europe saluted Stefan's courage, his personal selflessness and intelligence. After that, wouldn’t Mr. Maikov want Stefan to appear in history as Don Quixote? The certificate was printed in 1844 in the Serbian-Dalmatian store. Maikov, p. 28. 282. In the prologue of the 15th century. under July 19: “the end of temporary life has come, the pious and Christ-loving Mr. Sreblem and the multiplying despot Stefan. l. 6935". Glasnik X, 342. Sl. I, 169. The same year of the death of the blessed despot in Tsarostavnik and in the chronicles (Safarik memorial, p. 73. 76. Glasnik V, 99). The same time (July 19th 1427) is shown in the inscription on the stone monument erected at the place of his death, in the castle of Jasenice (at Miklošpča monum. No. 294. 295). Life of St. Stephen the Despot.