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Holy Martyrs Akepsima the Bishop, Joseph the Presbyter and Aifal the Deacon In March 377, King Sapor again sent out a command for the extermination of the Christian faith and all its adherents, indicating the criminality of that faith and its harm to paganism. It was said: “Christians reject our teaching and teach people to honor God alone, not to bow to the sun, not to respect fire, and to pollute water with unclean ablutions; They teach not to marry, not to give birth to sons and daughters, not to go to war with the king and not to kill anyone in it, while killing and eating wild animals, burying dead people in the ground. About snakes, scorpions and all reptiles on the earth, they say that God created them, not Satan. They seduce many of the king’s servants and teach them their witchcraft, passing it off as sacred Scriptures.” Upon the promulgation of the royal decree, countless Christians in cities and villages were beaten by the blind mob, directed by magicians; Among the dead was the king’s favorite eunuch, Azad, who died for his faith. Having learned about this, the king ordered to stop the general persecution and look for only teachers and leaders of the Christian faith for trial. Then the magicians and priests diligently passed through the country, looking for bishops and priests. Eighty-year-old Akepsima, bishop of the city of Naesson, in the district of the Gonites (under the metropolitanate of Arbela), was also taken. When those who had taken him were leading him out of the house, one of the household said in his ear: “Take this command concerning your house”; Akepsima, pointing his hand at the house, answered: “This is no longer my house, because I am now going to the heavenly house.” In Arbela he was brought to trial, and the ruler asked him: “Is he a Christian?” Akepsima confirmed this and added that he honors the true God. The ruler continued: “Is the rumor true that you teach in this country contrary to the will of the king of kings?” Akepsima: “everything you have heard about us is true; I preach to people one God and I advise those who come to me to leave their wicked ways and turn to Him as in the Holy. it is written in our books." Ruler: “I heard that you are a wise man, and now I see that you have already reached a ripe old age; Why are you acting foolishly and not honoring the sun, which the whole East worships?” Akepsima: “The entire eastern country is acting very unreasonably, abandoning the Creator and honoring the creature. You are misleading her with your false teaching about many gods.” Ruler: “Are you calling the true teaching that the king adheres to false?” and threatened with death for it. Akepsima: “What is the truth of your teaching when it directly rejects the truth and idolizes what is transitory and created?” The interrogation was interrupted, and Akepsime was asked to honor the sun, otherwise he would be subjected to terrible torment and torture, despite his old age. Akepsima: “Stop your unclean lips, wicked one, and say no more. From my early youth I was raised in the true faith and, having grown gray, I consider it my duty not to dishonor my good name.” What followed was the scourging of the confessor with knotted sticks, so cruel that the ground was stained with blood. And then the confessor was again presented to the tormentor, who asked him: “Where is your God? Let him come and deliver you from our hands!” Akepsima: “My God is with me and is able to deliver me from your wicked hands; but I ask Him not for this, but for patience and achieving the crown of life. But do not boast, because you are a fading flower, a drying grass, and even now, while you are alive, you are dead, living not for God your Creator.” Covered with heavy chains, he was taken back to prison. The next day, seventy-year-old Joseph, a priest from Beth-Ketubah in Adiabene, and sixty-year-old Aifal, a deacon from the Euphrates region in Babylonia, were brought to the court. The judge said to them: “Why are you seducing ordinary people with your disastrous teaching?” Joseph responded to this: “We are not charmers, but preachers of the true teaching, we turn people away from idolizing soulless idols and lead them to salvation.” The judge said: “What kind of worship of God is true then? Is it the one held by the king, the nobles and the rich, or yours, the insignificant and poor people?” Joseph: “Our God does not need the height and greatness of this world, therefore many of us are voluntarily poor and humble, distributing our property to the poor and expecting glorification in another world.” The judge, not quite understanding the meaning of his words, said: “Do you still boast about your laziness, idleness and poverty?” Joseph: “look into what you blame us for as useless people, and make sure that what you acquire through the labor of our hands is more honorable than your parasitism and enrichment through robbery; We give from our labors to the poor, but you steal from the poor.” Judge: “Wealth is desirable to everyone, and everyone loves it; who will believe that you hate him? “But we,” answered Joseph, “consider it transitory and temporary, not staying with anyone forever, therefore “and we do not desire it; and with you, who love it, it will not remain, nor with any of the rich and proud of him.” The judge, interrupting his conversation, made a direct question: will he worship the sun or not? To Joseph’s refusal, he ordered ten executioners, in turn, to scourge him, so that flesh is from bones fell away, but the martyr thanked God for deigning him to be cleansed of his sins through bloody suffering. Half-dead, they carried him to the same prison where Akepsima was imprisoned. Then the judge turned to Aifal, the deacon, with the question: “What do you say? Will you fulfill the king's command? Will you bow down to the great sun and taste the blood of the sacrifice?” Aifal: “It is better for me to die in order to live forever, than to live in order to die forever. Eat blood, bloodthirsty dog; pray to the sun, blinded in your heart, because you do not see the bright Sun rising over creation and spreading Its rays to all the ends of the earth.” The judge restrained his anger and exclaimed with feigned regret: “O you who hasten from life to death! Who will believe you and who will you convince, except fools like you, that life should be hated and death loved?” Aifal: “Call yourself foolish and the followers of your teaching foolish, because you do not know the truth. Our teaching commands us to love that life which you call death, and to hate that death which you call life.” Then the judge ordered his hands to be tied between his knees and the tree to be placed through the tied hands, and six executioners, three on each side, to step on the ends of the tree. As a result of this torture, the trains lost their connections, and then the confessor was mercilessly beaten with briar sticks; but he endured everything courageously and said to the tormentor: “You rejoice in my torment, like a dog or a raven thirsty for blood; Know, wicked one, that I do not count these torments as anything.” The judge gritted his teeth in rage and ordered to hit him harder, so that the whole body was one scab. Finally, half dead and unable to walk from his wounds, Aifal was carried to prison to his former confessors. Five days later, the confessors were again brought to trial, opened by the ruler in his country garden, and when they refused to fulfill the will of the king, they were subjected to new grave tortures from the third hour of the day to the sixth. Namely, they threw them to the ground, tied their arms, thighs and legs tightly with canvas ropes, and the whips placed under the ligaments were slowly turned, so that the bones and joints cracked. But the martyrs remained unshakable in their holy faith, responding to proposals to submit to the king: “we trust in our true God, but we do not obey the will of the king.” They were carried into prison like soulless logs, because they were tortured to the point of unconsciousness. But even in prison it was forbidden to show them any leniency or care, and to allow anyone to see them, under the threat of cruel punishment. Despite this, they were not left without compassionate charity; because other prisoners, with the permission of the guards, went into the city and asked for the necessary food for them. They remained in this miserable situation for three years, enduring hunger and thirst, suffering from wounds and imprisonment. At this time, the king was traveling around the country and was near Arbela, one day's journey. The ruler sent three prisoners there to present them to the head of the magicians, Adarsapor. This one asked them: “Are you Christians?” and received the answer: “That’s right; We are Christians, we believe and worship the one living God.” The magician himself seemed amazed at their pitiful appearance and said: “Do you see what your faith has brought you to? to what state, that from torment and prolonged imprisonment you have lost the image of a living person and look like the dead? Therefore, I advise you to worship the bright sun, otherwise you will die a cruel death.” The confessors unanimously rejected the magician’s proposal, and after much persuasion and wrangling, the magician ordered the prostrate Akepsimus to be scourged on the back and belly until he fell silent, and for this they cut off the martyr’s head. His body, thrown to be devoured by dogs, was secretly taken and buried by the Armenian Christians living in Arbela as hostages. Akepsima's martyrdom followed on October 10 After killing him, Presbyter Joseph was also scourged, while the herald shouted: “Obey the will of the king and you will live.” But Joseph answered: “there is only one God, and besides Him there is no other, and there is only one true faith, ours.” From the severe scourging he fell into insensibility and could hardly breathe; therefore he was carried back to prison. Now the magician turned to Aifal, and since the torture already seemed to be missing the goal, he promised him honors and gifts for fulfilling the royal will. But the courageous confessor despised all this, saying: “I am amazed at your blindness; If they, already elders, suffered so courageously in the hope of eternal glory, then I, younger in years and stronger in body, will I be afraid of temporary torment and will I not want to win an unfading crown with them? I am not afraid of death for Christ and will not exchange my piety for your gifts and honors.” Then the tormentor's face changed with rage and ordered the executioners to beat him harder than before, on the spine and belly. And they began to beat the saint. Adarsapor said to his people: “What does it mean that Christians are careless about real life and wish for death, as if for some kind of well-being? > They answered: “They hold on to the teachings from their fathers that there is another world, better than this; and they, believing this, do not care about this world, hope for a better one and prefer death.” Meanwhile, the saint was bleeding from countless wounds. Then, as if out of condolences, the tormentor ordered to turn the scourging over and said to him: “Submit to the will of the king and you will be healthy; because our doctors will soon cure you,” but received the answer: “Even if you healed me with one word, I still will not leave God, who created heaven and earth, and I will not worship the sun, which He created for the benefit of people.” And the judge said: “I said this while testing you, because in any case you will not be cured of such ulcers; but you become a model for Christians, so that they do not resist the king and do not despise his dignitaries.” Aifal: “Always deceitful, you, however, unwittingly expressed the truth that I serve as a model of courage for Christians. Many of the faithful, looking at me as an example, and seeing my suffering for Christ, will be jealous of the Lord God and will not be afraid of torment for Him.” Then the judge turned to the ruler of Adiabene and said to him: “Take these both Christians to your city to be stoned by your own Christians; let Christian teachers perish by their own.” Therefore they were tied to beasts of burden, like sheaves or logs, because they could not walk or sit, and were sent to Arbela. On the way, when there was a stop to rest, they were taken off and laid on the ground like dead people, because they had no control over their arms or legs. And if someone, out of compassion, wanted to serve them food, he put food into their mouths with his own hands. Having reached Arbela, they were again imprisoned and it was forbidden to admit Christians to them. In Arbela there was then a rich Christian woman named Yazdundokta (see her life below, p. 19), who provided assistance to all prisoners for the name of Christ and, if possible, provided them with food and clothing. Having learned that Joseph and Aifal were in prison, she came there with her servants at night and, having satisfied the guards with gifts, took the half-dead martyrs into her house for a short time, washed their sores, kissed their hands and wept over them. With careful care, Joseph came to his senses and began to say to the compassionate woman: “Your mercy towards us is favorable to God and to us who suffer for His name; but bitter weeping for us does not agree with our true Christian hope and faith.” To which she said: “I’m not crying about your death, but about your current pitiful state.” Joseph, comforting her with the words of scripture: Matthew 7:14, 10:22; 2 Corinthians 11:25; Hebrews 11:37, 38, concluded: “Show yourself to be a believing Christian and rejoice that for prolonged suffering there will follow an even greater reward and a more glorious crown.” At dawn, the confessors were returned to prison, where they remained in hardship and sorrow for another six months, but had already recovered so much that they could stand on their feet and walk a little. At this time, the ruler of Adiabene was removed and in his place another king, named Zarussiatus, was sent by the king, a cruel and stern man. The new ruler went to the sun church to pray and make sacrifices; here he was informed that there were two Christians condemned to stoning, but who had not yet been executed, awaiting recovery and, perhaps, renunciation of their faith. The judge immediately ordered them to be presented to him and, when he could not win them over with either flattering promises or threats, he first ordered Joseph to be hanged by his feet and beaten mercilessly with ox sinews. When the torture began, some of the magicians came up and whispered to the sufferer: “If you are ashamed to openly go to the church of our God, then we will take you and do it secretly; promise, and you will be free.” But he answered out loud to everyone: “Get away from me, worshipers of fire; support the flame that is consuming you to your own destruction.” The scourging continued for about two hours, during which the judge tried more than once to convince him; Finally, he ordered him to be taken to prison again, because Joseph could not walk due to renewed ulcers and loss of blood. After this, Aifal was hanged and mercilessly beaten; but he shouted loudly: “I am a Christian, a Christian; hear, I am a Christian! Meanwhile, someone from the Manichaean sect was presented for interrogation and torture, clearly confessing his faith and reproaching the fire worshipers for wickedness. The judge, not without counting on success, ordered Aifalus to be left and the Manichaean to be tortured. The judge was not mistaken: the Manichaean soon promised to worship the Persian gods and immediately crushed the ant, revered by the Manichaeans as a rational creature. Then Aifal said: “Woe to the Manichaeans! Blessed be Christ our God, who strengthens us and makes us steadfast in our pious faith!” Hearing this, the judge again ordered to beat him with a briar, and they beat him until they considered him dead, and therefore dragged him aside. One of the magicians, out of compassion, covered his naked body with his cloak, but for this he himself was scourged. Aifal, noticing breath in him, was dragged by his feet into prison. Five days later, the ruler decided to execute the confessors, but also tried to distract them from Christianity. Each of them was given forty stripes, and when they then remained unshakable in their confession, preparations for execution began and Christians were driven away from Arbela and the surrounding area. They dug a hole outside the city, in which they placed half of Joseph, and forced the Christians (up to five hundred in number) to stone him. And when many stones had already been thrown around, so that only the head was visible, and the martyr remained alive, one of the noble Persians ordered his servant to crush his head with a large stone. This is how St. died. Joseph! And Saint Aifal was sent for execution to another city inhabited by Christians, and there he was beaten by them. The demise of both falls on. 381, in which King Sapor II also died. Shortly before his death, he completely canceled the effect of his decree on the persecution of Christians, which had already been weakened and was not even applied for a certain time. Sozomen, a church historian, puts the number of all victims during his reign at sixteen thousand (Ist. Tserk. XI, 14). †Blessed Yazdundokta (Snandulia) In the Persian country, which was in the district of the Patriarchate of Antioch, the Christian faith in the 4th century, under Sapor, was subjected to severe and prolonged persecution. The Holy Archbishop of the country Simeon established: “so that public prayers are sung in two faces, as St. established in Antioch. Ignatius, disciple of St. John the Evangelist, and clergy should sing psalms not from the book, but from memory.” This especially had to be and was done in the abodes of virgins, who in Persia were called “sisters of the union.” But the persecution of Sapor fell first of all on the great saint, and he died a martyr. As in other places, so in Persia, virgins were ardent disciples of the Lord Jesus and therefore they were among the first among those who suffered for the name of Christ. So St. Farba, the sister of the holy martyr Simeon, suffered in 341 along with her widow sister and her maid 10. The following year, together with Bishop Sadof, several votive virgins suffered, 11 then among the 120 sufferers there were 9 virgins who dedicated themselves to the Lord. During this terrible time, the Lord kept His chosen servant Yazdundokta (according to the Greek pronunciation Snandulia) for the consolation of the faithful. When the sufferers of the faith languished in prison, hungry and exhausted, the servant of God found means to provide them with various benefits; after six months of torture, they were finally beheaded. Blessed Yazdundokta hid the holy relics of the martyrs from the malice of their enemies, consigning them to the earth in a place far from the eyes of malice 12 . In 346, the virgin Mary 13 accepted martyrdom, together with her brother, the presbyter James. At the same time, the rich priest Paul and five virgins were captured, the first actually in order to take advantage of his money. They announced to Paul that if he bowed to the sun, he would receive his money. Paul loved money so much that he denied Christ for it. The ruler, dissatisfied with the fact that rich wealth was slipping out of his hands, said: “Give Paul the money when he cuts off the heads of five Christian virgins with his own hands.” The virgins declared: “let the madmen bow to the sun, but they will not give the honor to creation that belongs to the Creator.” These were St. Thekla, two Marys, Martha and Ama. Pavel approached them with a sword in his hands. "Unhappy! They said to him, do you want to put to death the sheep of your flock, are you a shepherd? Our blood will fall on your head." Paul cut off their heads with the coldness of a habitual executioner. The ruler, who did not want to part with his money, ordered him to be secretly strangled and he died like Judas 14. During all this time, the compassionate Yazdundokta provided great help and services to the martyrs. Being a rich aristocrat, she used her means to alleviate the suffering of Christ's servants. She did the same in 376, when a new cruel decree against Christians was promulgated. She delivered food to Christians imprisoned in Arbel prison for the name of Jesus Christ. Having learned about the bitter situation of the martyrs (Bishop Akepsima, Presbyter Joseph and Deacon Antillag (Aifal) - see above, pp. 11-19), she called the warden of the prison to her and earnestly asked him to allow him to take them from prison to her, in order to have the pleasure of seeing them in her home, even for a short time. She gave him a significant amount of money. Reluctantly, with fear, he agreed to her request. At night she sent her servants to the prison and they brought the blessed sufferers to her house. Here she tied up their wounds with her own hands, showered kisses on their arms and shoulders and, looking at their bitter situation, could not resist tears and lamentations; they lay before her as if dead, unconscious. Blessed Joseph, having come to his senses and seeing her sobbing bitterly, said: “God is pleased with your compassion for the suffering, but in vain you cry so much about our death.” The pious wife answered him: “I am not crying because you will be put to death, but because, having been condemned to death, you are not immediately handed over to it, but are forced to live so miserably.” Blessed Joseph answered her: “All our misfortunes constitute our greatest happiness. The Lord said: the narrow gate and the strait path lead into life (Matthew 7:14). You, a Christian, should rejoice in the torment of Christians: the longer and more unbearable these torments, the greater the reward and the brighter the crowns are ready for them in heaven.” Before dawn the next day, the martyrs were taken to prison. After six months of imprisonment, the confessors were again tormented and finally an order was announced for the sufferers: those buried in the pit would be stoned by Christians. Many Christians were gathered, and blessed Yazdundokta was also taken. She was forced to carry out the orders of the authorities. She did not agree to shed the innocent blood of the shepherd of the Church and boldly told the torturers: “It has never happened that women performed the position of executioners; you demand from me something contrary to the general rule, and what do you do? You turn weapons prepared against the enemy against your citizens; a state that is at peace with its neighbors, you are worrying with internal murders.” The soldiers, seeing her firmness, gave her a stick with a needle stuck at the end, and said: “Even if you consider it unlawful to throw a stone at a person who, in your opinion, is innocent, but pierce the condemned man with this needle and you will fulfill the king’s decree.” Shedding tears, she answered: “It’s better to stick this needle into me, but not into the holy ascetic of Christ. If you can take my life for disobedience, I will not restrain you; I’m ready to die with the martyr, just don’t force me to shed his innocent blood.” During this conversation, the martyr completed his feat. Blessed Yazdundokta, who performed feats of compassion for 40 years, also soon moved into blissful eternity 15. †Reverend Princess Anna Vsevolodovna The series of saints of the Russian Church begins with Equal-to-the-Apostles Princess Olga. Princesses, before princes, take upon themselves the yoke of monasticism. Of the princely family, the first to take monastic vows was the wife of Grand Duke Yaroslav, Irina; Anna. The second nun, but the first virgin from the princely family, was Blessed Anna, the daughter of Grand Duke Vsevolod. She took monastic vows in 1086 16, while the first voluntary monk among the princes was St. Nicholas Svyatosha, who entered the monastic monastery in 1106 17. – Magdalene, before the Apostles, visited the tomb of the Savior and saw Him risen. That's what wives are like! Father is blessed. Anna, Grand Duke Vsevolod Yaroslavich, according to the chronicle, “from childhood he loved God and truth, gave to the poor, honored bishops and priests, especially the monks, abstained from drunkenness and lust; That’s why he was dearly loved by his father” 18. – He loved education, spoke five foreign languages. Anna's mother was a Greek princess, daughter of an emperor. Constantine Monomakh; her piety brought Russia an invaluable treasure - St. great power. Barbarians 19. Anna's brother, Vladimir Monomakh, with his virtues acquired such love from the people that his later descendants enjoyed its warmth. He loved monasticism and clearly understood its meaning. He bequeathed to the children: “receive bishops and abbots with love, endow them so that they pray to God for you.” And the chronicle says: “he loved the monastic rite, he gave water and nourishment to the monks and nuns who came to him, like a mother to her children” 20 . In such and such a family, blessed Anna was born and raised. Under the beneficial influence of intelligence and piety, she formed herself into a model of virgin beauty - the honor and glory of the princely house. The object of the tenderest love of her parents, she was called by a diminutive name - Yanka, according to the present day Annushka 21. The noble princess loved the Lord from a young age. Her parents, no matter how tenderly they loved her, did not put any obstacles in her love for God. They revered the words of the Apostle: “The unmarried woman cares about the things of the Lord, how to please the Lord, so that she may be holy in both body and spirit; but a married woman worries about worldly things, how to please her husband. Therefore, whoever does not give away the girl does better” (1 Cor. 7:34, 38). The young princess chose virginity over all the pleasures of young social life, and not in vain. - “Virginity, says Anthony the Great, is likeness to the angels, a spiritual and holy sacrifice, a fragrant rose that revives those close to her, a most pleasant aroma for the Lord Jesus Christ, a great gift of God, a guarantee of future inheritance in the Kingdom of Heaven” 22. Prince Vsevolod built the stone church of St. Andrew and his monastery; Princess Anna dedicated her virginity to the Lord here. This was in 1087 23. She then took the monastery under her jurisdiction and took measures to improve its external and internal improvement 24 . Three years later, she took a trip to the then capital of Orthodoxy, Constantinople. This journey was quite pious. The princess-nun wanted to see the best monastic deanery in order to learn it for herself and for others 25. “She brought with her observations that were useful not only for her monastery, but also for other monasteries. “Anna,” says the ancient narrator, did not go there (to Constantinople) in vain, but in order to be doubly useful to herself and other nuns of the Russian land” 26. She returned to Kyiv (in 1090) with the new Metropolitan John, the eunuch 27. The pious princess-nun, by her example, aroused a strong movement in the hearts of her contemporaries, to their better happiness. Her sister, Princess Eupraxia, in 1106, following her example, accepted monasticism 28. The second wife of Grand Duke Vsevolod, her stepmother, wished to be buried in her monastery 29. Blessed Anna gathered many monkworts into her monastery. - This was all the more a great and virtuous feat on the part of Blessed Anna, since the Russian women's society of her time had not yet forgotten the customs of riotous paganism, at times indulged in the most unclean gaiety and did not like strict virginity 30. The self-denial of the blessed princess and her strict life inspired those who lived with her with zeal for the exploits of spiritual life. The princess, like everyone else, lived according to monastic rules, in fasting, prayer and deep humility 31. She taught young girls reading, singing, writing and some useful handicrafts 32 . Blessed Anna spent 26 years in monastic exploits. In the RKP. In the calendar we read: “in the St. Andrew’s Monastery, Holy Princess Anna Vsevolodovna reposed as a nun in the summer of 6624 (1116) months. May on the 18th day." According to the chronicles, she died from her labors on November 3, 1112. 33 Therefore, the 18th day of May was probably the day of memory of her on the occasion of the discovery of her relics. The monastery where the blessed one labored. Anna, was called Yanchin for a long time, preserving the reverent memory of its founder 34. It stood near the St. Michael's Monastery, but was destroyed by Batu; its ruins are indicated in the garden and under the residential buildings of one inhabitant 35. Memory of St. Farby, according to the Greek corrupted pronunciation of Fervuf, - April. 4. About St. Simeone Le-Quesigne Or. chr. II, 1007. 1008. Assemans, orient. Biblioth. I, 1–4. Commemoration of 120 martyrs – Feb. 20. The Tale of St. Marufs in Christ. Thurs. 1827 26, 189. Memory of the 128 Persian martyrs. Apr. 6. The story about them by St. Marufa at Asseman: Act. s. martyrum. Romae 1748. Memory of Jacob Nov. 1. Narration of St. Marufs in Chr. Thurs. 1827, part 27, 86. 87. The story of St. Marufs about them in Christ. Thurs. 1827, part 27, 88–95. The story of St. Marufs in Christ. Thurs. 1827 28, 166–168, 182–185, in Chet-Mineya Nov. 3. Degree. book 1, 228. Funduklea Kyiv 52. M. Nikephoros about Monomakh: “consecrated him from the womb and anointed him, mixing from royal and princely blood.” Vladimir himself in his spiritual: “I was named Vasily by his thin grandfather Yaroslav, the benevolent, glorious, in baptism, by the Russian name Volodimir, by his beloved father and by his mother Monomakh.” Tatishchev 3. pr. 355. Junior princes and princesses were called by diminutive names. But since Anna was the older sister, her diminutive name could not be a consequence of this custom, but pointed to another reason - a special love for her in her own family. Collection years. 1, 88. Pereslav. l. 50. “In l. 1086 founded the church of St. Andrei under the good Metropolitan John to the monasteries, in which Vsevolod tonsured his daughter Yavka and built a nunnery.” Tatishchev 2, 210. See pr. 23. Collection l. 1, 89. Step. book 1, 229. Collection l. 1, 120. 2, 287. Eupravsia died on July 10, 1109 and was laid at the southern doors of the great Pechersk Church. Collection l. 1, 121. 2, 228. Collection l. 2, 3. Karamz. 2, pr. 156. Rev. Theodosius, in his teaching “about the executions of God,” denounces “drunkenness, fornication, evil games, buffoons, caterpillars, sorcery, sorcery.” In another, he condemns the custom of kissing the female sex at feasts. Unknown teacher of the 12th century. about fasting and church service, among the deeds hated by God, he places idolatry, prayer at wells and rivers, demonic songs, dancing, tambourines and sniffles, goats and demonic games” (Orthodox Sobes. 1858, 1:168). Collection l. 1, 88. Rostov. l. at Karamz. 2, pr. 156. Step. book 1, 228. Collection l. 1, 127. 136. 2, 3. 289. Dictionary of saints 1836 p. 30. Buslaeva words. and art 2, 242. Collection l. 1, 136. 2, 295. Karamz. 3, pr. 3, 359. Fundukleya review. Kyiv, p. 101. The ruins and things found in them are described in the railway. m. 1833 books 3, only here they are erroneously attributed to the Feodorovsky Monastery.