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† Suffering of St. Prince Mikhail Yaroslavich Tverskoy Prince Mikhail Yaroslavich was born after the death of his father, Prince. Yaroslav Yaroslavich, in 1272 310, and therefore grew up an orphan. So the first years of his life were already marked with sorrow. He was brought up by the intelligent and pious mother of the prince. Xenia in the fear of God; The throne of Prince Tverskoy was occupied by his elder brother Svyatoslav, who is memorable to the Church and the Fatherland for the fact that, having reigned in Pskov during his father’s life, he baptized the Lithuanians who had fled from the troubles of their homeland in Pskov 311 . We meet Michael for the first time by Prince Tver in 1285. “The stone church of Cosmas and Damian was founded in Tver, says the chronicler, by the blessed Prince Michael and its structure by Ksenia and the Venerable Bishop Simeon, and they gave it another name - St. Transfiguration of the Savior" 312. A wonderful start to a new reign! In the same year, “Lithuania attacked the volost of the Tver ruler - Oleshnya. The citizens of Tver, Moskvich, Volochan, Novotorzhtsy, Zubtsovtsy, Rzhevich with their combined forces went and on the eve of Spasov's day beat Lithuania in the forest. God helped the Christians; Prince Domont of Lithuania was killed, some were intercepted, others were killed, all those taken prisoner were taken away, others fled” 313. The new prince of Tver had to go to the Horde in order to be confirmed on the throne. But when he was in the Horde, by the grace of Prince. Andrew, the unworthy son of St. Prince Nevsky, the Tatars (1287) captured Moscow and were ready to devastate the possessions of the Tver prince. Book Mikhail, on his way back from the Horde, not knowing anything about Andrei’s affairs, was almost captured by the Tatars in Moscow, but was warned in time by a priest who showed him a safe road to Tver. One can imagine with what delight Tver greeted its prince, expecting the ferocious Tatars from hour to hour. “God protected the prince,” the chronicle says, with the prayers of his grandfather and father, and did not despise the tearful plea of ​​his mother.” Prince Andrei and Murza Duden, having learned that Mikhail was ready to meet them, did not go to Tver, but went to plunder Volokolamsk 314. Book Dimitri, Andrei's eldest brother, having heard about the removal of the Tatars, wanted to get into his Pereyaslavl, but on the way he was almost captured by his unworthy brother; Leaving his treasury in the hands of Andrei, he could hardly leave for Tver, where Mikhail received him with honor and volunteered to be a peacemaker between the brothers. The Tver bishop went to Andrei in Torzhok, convinced and begged Andrei for peace, and finally succeeded in a good cause. Demetrius renounced the rights of his seniority, satisfied with Pereyaslavl alone, and soon died as a schema-monk 315. Good Michael at the end of 1295 entered into holy marriage with the good daughter of the Rostov prince Anna. A year later, the insane power-hungry and greedy predator Andrei, not respecting either conscience or contracts, wanted to take Pereyaslavl from Dimitriev’s young son John; but the book Mikhail and Prince Daniil of Moscow forced Andrei to abandon his enterprise. After that, the Lord saved the life of the good prince from obvious danger; during the night fire that broke out when everyone was sleeping, the prince and his wife managed to jump out of the window of the burning palace, and many burned down along with the palace; this shocked the prince so much that he was then seriously ill 316. After the death of the restless Andrei († 1304), the rights led. the prince belonged to the prince. To Mikhail Tverskoy: he was now the eldest of all the princes. But Yuri Moskovsky arrogated these rights to himself. When Mikhail went to the Horde to get a label, Yuri also went there. M. Maxim tried in vain to keep Yuri from looking for what did not belong to him; in the name of his mother Mikhailova and in his own, he assured him that any city would be added to Moscow, as long as he did not go to argue in the Horde, to the joy of the enemies of the Christian name. Yuri was not ashamed to lie before the saint; he said that he was not coming for the name Vel. the prince, but about his own affairs. In 1305, Mikhail returned to Russia as Grand Duke; the princes willingly recognized his primacy; Yuri was forced to do this; even self-willed Novgorod had to humble himself before Mikhail 317, especially since he saw how Yuri’s selfish and power-hungry machinations were harmful to Novgorod, while Mikhail cared about the peace and happiness of all of Russia 318. In 1313, Uzbek Khan took the throne. And things changed: Uzbek not only himself accepted Mohammedanism, but declared it the dominant faith among the Tatars. “He turned his people to Islamism,” says the Eastern historian 319. Islamism was everywhere distinguished by fanaticism, especially when it first appeared among the people; He used cruel measures and strong temptations in his favor, while in himself he is a bait for sinful sensuality. An ancient narrative says that when Uzbek accepted “besermity, he especially did not spare the beginning of the Christian family.” None of the khans killed as many of our princes as Uzbek. It is clear that a sincere Christian, such as Prince Mikhail, could be less pleasant to Uzbek than some Yuri, for whom Christianity is not a very necessary thing. Fortunately for Russia, Islamism was accepted by the Mongol-Tatar Horde without the abolition of the yasa - the Mongolian state law, which sanctified the tolerance of religions. Government procedures remained the same. Prince Mikhail had to appear to the new khan in order to be confirmed by him in the rights of the Grand Duke. Yuri, not yet having been in the Horde, found out how things would go under the new khan, and began offensive actions against Mikhail; While he was in the Horde, he occupied Novgorod, where Michael’s governors had been until then. Mikhail complained about this to the Horde and was given a label, and Yuri was demanded to answer to the Horde. Yuri left a lot of trouble for Mikhail in Novgorod; For two years the Grand Duke fiddled with the agitated stubbornness of Novgorod, forcing him to pay the debt to the offended Grand Duke 320. Yuri, meanwhile, groveled in the Horde for three years, gave gifts to nobles and, finally, managed so much that Uzbek gave his sister for him and with her the great reign. With crowds of Tatars and their commander, Kavgady, he returned to Russia and demanded for himself not only the honors of the Grand Duke, but also the lands belonging to Mikhail. “Be the Grand Duke, if it pleases the Tsar,” Mikhail told Yuri, just leave me as my inheritor.” Yuri began to burn the villages and towns of Tver. Mikhail gathered the bishop and boyars for council. “Try me and my nephew,” he said. The Khan established me in the great reign; I paid tribute to the king. Now I give up my dignity and cannot soften Yuri’s anger. How much evil he has done on my ancestral property! He is looking for my head. Conscience does not reproach me; but maybe I'm wrong. Tell me, am I guilty before Yuri?” The bishop and boyars unanimously answered: “You are right, sir, in everything before Yuri; your humility is amazing: in our eyes, you suffered so many insults from Yuri. What else can we expect? Is it really possible that the Tatars will come and desecrate our shrines? Go against your enemies: God and we are with you, ready to give our lives for you.” “Not for me alone,” said Mikhail. How many people are deprived of shelter, freedom, cleanliness, life! The Lord said: whoever lays down his life for his friends is great in the Kingdom of Heaven.” The prince, leading a courageous army, met the regiments of Yuri and Tatars 40 versts from Tver, where the village of Bortenevo is now. The battle has begun. Prince Mikhail's helmet and armor were cut off and shot, but he remained intact. Yuri was completely beaten and almost captured; Yuriev's wife - Konchak-Agafia, brother Boris, many boyars remained in the hands of Mikhail (this was December 22, 1317); Kavgady himself came to Tver. “From now on, we are yours,” he said, we are guilty before the khan, we shed so much blood without his will.” Mikhail received Kavgady with honor and, believing Murza, released him and his Tatars with gifts. Yuri did not calm down. He led the Novgorodians against Mikhail. Peace was barely concluded through the archbishop. Unfortunately, Yuri's wife died in Tver. The evil Yuri went to the Horde with a denunciation that Mikhail poisoned the khan's sister; Kavgady hurried there and showered Mikhail with slander before Uzbek. Mikhail, feeling his innocence, sent his youngest son Konstantin after Yuri, and he himself began organizing his devastated region 321. In August 1318, Mikhail prepared to go to the Horde himself. On the banks of the Nerl, he said goodbye to his family and boyars and immediately confessed to his spiritual father, Abbot John. “Father,” the prince told him, I cared a lot about the peace of Christians, but, due to my sins, I could not stop civil strife; now bless me if I have to shed my blood for them, so that they can rest a little, and the Lord will forgive me my sins.” In Vladimir, the Khan’s ambassador met him and said: “Hurry to the Horde; if you don’t arrive in a month, the regiments will enter your area; Kavgadiy brought you before Uzbek and said that you don’t even think about coming to the khan.” Frightened by these news, the boyars said to Mikhail: “one of your sons is in the Horde, send another”; the sons said: “Dear parent! do not go to the Horde; Send from us whomever you want; let the wrath of the Uzbek, before whom they slandered you, pass away.” “It is not you, my children, that the king demands, but me,” answered the Christian prince; if I evade the ready death, my homeland will be devastated, and thousands of Christians will either be exterminated or captured; Everyone needs to die, but it’s better to die for others.” Having taught instructions to the children, sharing his fatherland with them, writing a letter, Mikhail went to the Horde and found Uzbek at the mouth of the Don, on the Sea of ​​Surozh or Azov. According to custom, he presented gifts to all the princes of the Horde, the khan’s wives, and the khan himself, and lived without worries for a month and a half; everything seemed to be calm; A bailiff was given by the khan so that no one would insult the prince. Kavgady, before that, irritating the proud Uzbek, said: “Mikhail is proud, he will never come here”; and at the same time, fearing his appearance in the Horde, he wanted to seize and detain him on the road. Now he and Yuri used other measures to more successfully destroy Mikhail; through slander and flattery he lured powerful nobles to his side and against Michael. Finally, Uzbek said to the nobles: “You spoke to me about Prince Mikhail; judge him with the Prince of Moscow and tell him who is right and who is wrong.” The matter is set up in such a way that even if Uzbek wanted to know the truth, he would not have known it. One can understand what the composition of the judges was like when Kavgady was the first judge, he who was both the accuser of Mikhail and himself was guilty of the extermination of people committed against the will of the khan. The trial began: Mikhail was brought twice to the meeting of the Horde nobles, indictments were read to him: “You were proud, disobedient to the khan; you dishonored the Khan's ambassador Kavgady, fought with him and beat the Tatars; you took tribute from the khan; you wanted to run to dad; You poisoned Princess Yuri.” Mikhail answered: “How many treasures did I give to the khan and his princes, that’s what you have in writing; I fought with Prince Yuri, and saved the royal ambassador from death and released him with honor; Princess Yuryeva, God knows, poisoning was not on her mind.” The judges only wanted to accuse, and not accept the prince's excuses. For presentation to the khan, they wrote down only what they wanted. They tied up the innocent prince, assigned guards to him, and plundered his clothes; They drove away from him his servants, the boyars, and his confessor, Abbot Alexander, who all had to endure a lot of beatings. The next morning, it was Sunday, a heavy wooden block was placed on his neck. “Glory to You, humane-loving Master, the saint said, that You have deigned me to begin a suffering feat; deign to finish it.” Khan went hunting; Mikhail was dragged behind him in the block; at night they hammered his hands into the same stock that was on his neck. The pious prince had previously been in the habit of reading the psalms of David every night; now he wanted to fulfill his holy rule more than before; since his hands did not use freedom at night, the youth sat in front of him and turned over the leaves of the psalter. During the day he was constantly cheerful. “It was pleasant for you, my friends,” he told his friends, to look at me in happiness; and now, looking at my block, are you sad? In vain: having experienced happiness, why not endure misfortune? What does this misfortune mean in comparison with my sins? I must suffer more, much more, in order to receive forgiveness of my sins. Does the block make you sad? Soon she won’t be around my neck.” When it became hard on his soul, he repeated with David: “How sorrowful are you, my soul? Why are you embarrassing me? Trust in God, for we trust in Him: the salvation of my face and my God.” The Horde finally stopped beyond the river. Terek. on the river Sovenets, near Tetyakov, not far from Derbent 322. During Uzbek's hunt, the youths said to St. Mikhail: “Prince! the guides and horses are ready; run to the mountains and save your life.” “God forbid we do this,” he answered; All my life I have never run from enemies; and if I alone am saved, and my people remain in trouble, what glory to me? No, the will of the Lord be done!” For 24 days he had been in such a shameful and painful position. Kavgady wanted to scold the unfortunate man even more and add to his torment. The happy villain ordered him to be brought out to auction, called his creditors, ordered the prince to kneel before him, spoke taunts and insolence to him, boasting of his happiness. Then he said to him: “know, Mikhail, this is the custom of the khan, if the khan gets angry with one of his relatives (this was a hint at Yuri), he also orders him to be kept in the stocks, and then the anger blows away - and honor is returned to the disgraced one; and you will be released tomorrow or the day after tomorrow.” Turning to the watchmen, Kavgady jokingly said: “Why not remove the decks from him now?” The watchmen understood that every word of Kavgady was a caustic mockery of the prince, and therefore they answered with a smile: “We’ll take it off tomorrow or the day after tomorrow.” “At least support the block so it doesn’t crush his shoulders,” Kavgady said, as if out of compassion. One simple-minded watchman began to support the block. Having scolded the unfortunate man, the villain ordered the prince to be taken away. But the sufferer was so exhausted by the scene of the insolent villain that he needed rest and ordered his youths to take cold. There was a crowd of idle people: Greeks, Neyats, Lithuanians, Russians “Sovereign Prince! said one of his relatives, you see how many people are standing and looking at you; they heard that you are a sovereign prince; wouldn’t it be better for you to go to your tent?” “Shame on the angel and the man,” said Mikhail and, getting up, walked away with tears in his eyes. From then on, they often began to see him in tears: there was no doubt that death was close to him. On the very day of his death, he ordered the service of matins, the hours, read with tears the rule of communion, confessed and received holy communion. Tain; with him were two priests and an abbot; Having called his son Konstantin, he announced to him his orders about the fatherland, about the boyars, about the servants and, not forgetting the very last servant, ordered to reward everyone. Then he took the psalter and, unfolding it, read: “My heart is troubled within me, and the fear of death attacks me.” – What does the psalm say? he asked. Not wanting to embarrass him, they answered him: “The psalms are known to you, sir! It is also written there: “Cast your sorrow upon the Lord.” The prince continued: “Who will give me a krill like a pigeon? and I will fly and rest.”... At that very time, a youth ran in with a face pale with fear and said: “Kavgady, Prince Yuri and many people are going to the tent.” “I know why,” answered Mikhail and immediately sent his son to Queen Boyalina under her protection 323. Yuri and Kavgady stopped not far from the tent on the square and sent the killers into the tent. Like animals, the murderers jumped into the tent and dispersed all the prince’s people. Michael stood and prayed. They grabbed him by the block and hit him against the wall so hard that the tent broke. Despite this, Mikhail, in good health, jumped to his feet; then the crowd rushed at him, knocked him down and kicked him without mercy; one of them, Romanets, plunged a knife into the ribs and turned it there. This was on Wednesday November 22, 324. The mob broke into the headquarters for robbery, according to Mongolian custom. Yuri and Kavgady, having learned that it was all over, mounted their horses and rode up to the tent. Body of St. The prince lay naked. Kavgady said with annoyance to his comrade of crime: “He is your uncle; Why do you see that the body is thrown naked?” Yuri's servant covered the body with his clothes 325. By order of Yuri, the body of St. The prince was placed on a plank in a cart and, tied with a rope, was taken across the river. Adeja - Gorky 326. At night, two watchmen were supposed to guard the body. But on the first night, fear attacked the guards, and they went to headquarters. In the morning they did not find the body on the board, it lay by the cart, with a wound to the ground, bleeding a lot of blood; The prince's right hand was under his face, and his left was near the wound, and he was dressed in clothes. All night no animal touched him, and many of them wandered in the steppe. Many, not only the faithful, but also the unfaithful, saw that two bright clouds overshadowed the body of the saint at night. In the morning they said: the prince is a saint, killed innocently. In Madzhar, merchants who knew the deceased wanted to cover his body with expensive fabrics and place it in the church with honor, with candles 327. But Yuri’s boyars did not even allow him to look at the deceased and, with abuse, put him in a stable behind the guard. Here, too, at night they saw a light pillar, bending in an arc towards the stable, where St. the body of a sufferer. In Bezdezh, an insolent watchman lay down on the sleigh where St. body, but an invisible force threw him off the sleigh, and he could barely rise from the ground; He himself spoke about this with repentance to the local priest, “and from him, adds the biography, we heard and wrote down.” Having brought the body to Moscow, they buried it in the Spassky Kremlin Monastery 328. In Tver for a long time they knew nothing about Prince Mikhail; They also did not know that his body was buried in Moscow. Many of the prince's retinue were chained in iron, like villains; Only those who managed to escape to the queen were saved from the violence. Then Uzbek ordered Prince Konstantin and all the boyars of the murdered Mikhail to be handed over to Prince Yuri, who held them as prisoners. Yuri arrived in Vladimir with the name of the Grand Duke in June 1319. Then they only learned about everything 329. The wife and sons of the murdered man sent to ask Yuri to release the body of Prince Mikhail to Tver. Only when Prince Alexander Mikhailovich made peace with Yuri in Vladimir did Yuri agree to fulfill the request for Prince Mikhail. Abbots and priests were sent to Moscow from Tver. Princess Anna, sons, Bishop Barsanuphius with the clergy, boyars and people met the deceased prince, and from the cries of those weeping the sacred singing could not be heard. His body was laid in the Spassky Church, which was built by the prince himself, on September 6. To the consolation of those who mourned, the body of St. Prince, despite the fact that during the spring and summer it lay either in the ground or in the open air, it turned out to be completely incorruptible. According to the chronicle, St. the prince was large in body (broad in the shoulders, but not tall), strong and courageous 330. In the handwritten calendar we read: “small gray hair, bald, a hat on his head, a cross in his right hand, and a sheathed sword in his left; His relics were found in the summer of November 7141 (1632), 24 days, and brought in the summer of September 7163 (1654), 1 day” 331. Now his relics rest in a silver shrine. “Come, let us praise the wonderworker and martyr, who suffered legitimately and victoriously, and now stands before Christ in glory and joy. Let us glorify his memory with songs of love and sing: Rejoice, protector and helper against enemies; Rejoice, physician of the sick and driver of demons; Rejoice, beloved of Christ Michael! Pray to the Holy Trinity for us, that the world may be at peace and our souls may be saved.” “Having understood the passing life with pure understanding, you considered the earthly reign as a small thing and, striving for the Heavenly Kingdom, you submitted to your nephew; but, like a gentle lamb, the fierce ones stabbed you with a knife. That is why you rejoice with the angels, Saint Michael! Pray to Christ God to grant forgiveness of sins to those who honor your memory" 332. St. Apostle Philemon, Archippus and Apphia St. Apostle Philimon, Archippus and Apphia. See about them in Council LXX, January 4. † Repose of the Righteous Warrior Michael In the Bulgarian ancient synaxar we read the following 333. “Holy Michael of God lived during the time of the pious Tsar Michael († 867). He came from the city of Potuka 334 and was a Bulgarian, not from a simple family, but from an honorable and faithful family. He was one of the first Christians (of Bulgaria); parents and outsiders called him: holy child. From his youth he led a pure life, had the fear of God in his eyes, was engaged in mercy and fasting, generously distributing alms to the poor with his hands and visiting the sick; He was meek and humble and adorned with virtues. Having reached the age of 25, he was elected, according to military order, to be the commander of the squad 335. The Ethiopians and Hagarians rose up to fight against the Christians. “The Christian power also rose up with many troops against the Arabs.” – War of the Imp. Mikhail against the Agarians is the same war of 865, during which imp. Michael, having reached the Black River, received news that the Russians had attacked Constantinople by sea and by land, and therefore hastened to return to the capital of the empire 336. The army left without him needed a lot of courage and bravery in view of the numerous enemy. “Before the onslaught of the Ethiopians and Hagarians, the Greeks fled to the mountains and gorges. St. Michael did not flinch. He inspired his squad with courage. When the Greeks fled, he fell to the ground and prayed with tears for the Christians. Then he rushed with his soldiers at the foreigners; Having burst into the midst of the Ethiopians and Hagarians, he dispersed them and he and his own remained unharmed.” At the end of the war, returning to his house, he decided to rest in one place in the Raifa desert. There was a lake in that place. His servant saw smoke near the lake. Having quickly taken supplies, he goes to where the smoke is and sees a girl sitting. When questioned, she said that a serpent comes out of the lake and kidnaps people and livestock. While he was listening to her, the food being prepared for the master spoiled 337. When he brought it to the servant of God Michael, he asked: “Where did you slow down? Look, the food is burnt" 338. The servant told everything he had heard from the girl. The servant of God Michael called his servants to go with him; but they refused. The blessed one, having prayed and made the sign of the cross on his face, mounted his horse and set off with the senior servant. Having reached the lake where the girl was, he asked her: why did she come here? She asked him to escape from the terrible beast. She spoke about the city's custom of giving children to the beast to be eaten. The servant of God ordered the servant to move with the horse further from the lake, and he himself began to pray. And then the serpent appeared in the middle of the lake with a whistle; his neck rose 20 fathoms above the water; With his tail he hit the water for 40 elbows. - The saint with a shield in his hand cut off his head; and the snake’s tail hit him on his right hand and left leg, and Mikhail was unconscious for some time, then he stood up. The servant informed the citizens about this; The citizens greeted Michael with triumph, and the saint handed the girl over to her parents. Then the saint continued his way and, returning to the house, not many days later, gave up his spirit to the Lord, Whom he had loved from his youth, and passed on to the eternal kingdom. He performed many miracles after death, providing healing to those who reverently came to him. When the great king Kalo-John took Potuk, Saint Michael was transferred. Patriarch Vasily came out to meet him with all the clergy and boyars, with candles and censers; King Kalo-John and the patriarch brought the saint into the God-saved city of Ternov and laid him in the great patriarchal Church of the Ascension of the Lord. May the Lord God of His Kingdom vouchsafe us with his prayers. The Bulgarian king Kalo-Ioan expelled the Crusaders and Greeks from Thrace and Macedonia in 1206 and died in 1206 during the siege of Thessaloniki. The transfer of the saint's relics from Potuk to Ternov took place in 1206 due to the fact that the crusaders inhumanly and unscrupulously abused both living Orthodox Christians and every shrine of Orthodoxy 340 . The Holy Martyr of Cicilia (Cicily) and the saints who suffered with her. martyr: her wife - Valerian, his brother - Tivurti and the warrior Maxim Kikilia, born in Rome at the beginning of the 3rd century from noble and wealthy parents, had the opportunity from childhood to be enlightened by the preaching of St. Gospel and, having deeply accepted the purest Christian teaching, pronounced a vow of virginity in her soul. Meanwhile, when she came of age, her parents married her to a pagan named Valerian. But what cannot be done by the influence of one soul on another, imbued with a strong feeling and sincere conviction, and even with the assistance of prayer? So the immaculate and believing Kikilia managed to convince her husband of the truth and heights of Christian teaching and dispose him to a chaste life. Realizing the wondrous beauty of the Christian worldview, Valerian hastened to share his happiness with his beloved brother Tivurtius. Both of them, at the direction of Kikilia, were instructed and baptized by Bishop Urban, who was then hiding from persecution outside the city in caves and tombs along the Appian Way. With zeal and fearlessness, the newly converted, together with Cicily, began to preach the faith of Christ to other pagans, served the martyrs and those imprisoned, and generously shared their property with all those in need. With visions of angels and the gift of miracles, their God-pleasing activity was delighted, confirmed and glorified and, animated by fiery faith and love for God, united by mutual unearthly love, Cicily, Valerian and Tivurtius seemed to be anticipating paradise on earth. But soon they were faced with a difficult test, which is destined to be the crown of human exploits and which, only through suffering purifying the soul, opens the doors of a true eternal paradise before it... Having learned about the activities of Valeriaea and Tivurtius in favor of the persecuted faith in Christ, Eparch Almakh ordered them to be presented to him and, after interrogation and torture, ordered them to be taken to the town of Pag - a fourth mile from Rome and there to be put to death if they resisted performing a pagan sacrifice. The martyrs walked calmly and joyfully to execution: on the way they managed to convince the warrior Maxim, who accompanied them to the test and was amazed at their cheerfulness, of the truth of the Christian faith, which inspires joyful vigor, and not despondency during the transition to eternal life... Amazed by their words, Maxim hid them in his house for the night and, in the presence of Cicilia, who came there, received baptism with his entire household. The next morning, Valerian and Tiburtius, who refused to make a pagan sacrifice, were put to death, and with them Maximus, who confessed himself to be a Christian. Cicily buried the remains of three martyrs; she herself, in anticipation of the same fate, devoted herself even more zealously to the spread of the faith of Christ, and disposed of her property in favor of the poor, so that on the day when the eparch demanded her as a Christian for questioning, she, having said goodbye to her family, sent for Bishop Urban, instructing him to baptize up to 400 people whom she had converted to Christ. Almakh mainly had in mind to take advantage of the rich property of Cicily, but having learned that she had already given away all her property, he ordered her to be tortured in a hot, smoky bath, but since, after languishing for three days in the heat and smoke, she was still alive, he ordered her to be beheaded. – All the martyrs mentioned suffered around the year 230. Their relics, as a result of the revelation about them to Pope Paschal, were transferred by him to Rome in the 9th century. About the suffering of St. The prince's story has reached us from a contemporary, written from the words of eyewitnesses. She is in the collection. l. 5, 207–215. VII, 188–197. To Nikon. years. 3, 109–122, with some additions; also - to a degree. book 1, 425–432. Collection l. 5, 192. Step. book 1, 425. Nick. l. 3, 54–57. Karamz. 4. pr. 120. 125. 127. Collection l. 1, 207. Nick. l. 3, 85. 74. Collection. l. 5,200. Collection l, 1. 207. VII, 179. Nik. l. 3, 85. Collection l. 1, 207. VII, 180. Letop. at Karamz. 4. pr. 169. 170. Collection l. 3, 66. Letop. at Karamz. 4 Ave. 169. 170. Collection l. 1, 203. 282. VII, 181. 182. Nik. l. 3, 93–95. Collection l. 5, 204. 207. 208. 1, 228. 4, 46. 7. 188. 189. Inscription on the apostle 1307 in the life of St. Feoktista December. 23 d. Another apostle of 1309, written in Novgorod, led. book Mikhail Yaroslavich. See description. handwritten synod. bib. p. 294. M. 1856 Abalgasi Historia Mongol, et Tartar. p. 98. Casani 1825. Trinity years. (Karamz. 4. pr. 215): “Tsar Ozbyak became disheartened.” Step. book 1. 426. And on the coins the Uzbek showed his jealousy towards the false prophet: “Muhammad is a prophet,” he said here. Collection l. III, 60. 71. IV, 48. VII, 205–206. Collection l. V, 208. 209. III, 72, IV, 48. 49. VII, 189. 190. Nikon. l. 3, 112–114. Agreement with Novgorod in the collection. gram. 1, no. 14. R. Sovinets - the current Sundzha. Tetyakov - “behind the high Yassy and Cherkassy mountains” Yassy city, near the iron gates (Derbent). Collection l. V, 199. VII. 191–194. To Nikon. years. 3, 119 added: “at the copper blockhead, at the golden head at Temirev, the heroic graves,” - at the high mound with a copper statue erected in honor of the hero Temir. Nikon. l. III, 120. 128. Cont. Nestor 73. The story of the murder of St. the prince was placed under 6827. According to the date of January, November 22, 6827 = 1318. “Cover his body with your kotyga, which you are wearing,” - Kotyga is the same as a kots - outer clothing. The Gorkaya River flows into the Caspian Sea in Dagestan, near Buynakov. Madzhary is now a settlement on the river. Kume, in the Caucasus. According to local legend and various monuments, in ancient times pagan Kozars lived here, then Madjars (Hungarians, Ugrians, Ostyaks), partly Christians; they were supplanted by the Tatars. Not far from Madjar, stone crosses with the inscriptions were found: Isa. Xs. and slabs with crosses and even Greek liturgical books. Record. archaeol. total IX, 390–394. Northern archive 1820 2, 169. Nikon. l. III, 123. Collection. l. VII, 197. Collection l. III, 72. V, 215. VII, 197. “The earth is far away and there is no one to bring the news. The next summer. K. Yuri - bring Konstantin with you.” This comparison of thoughts shows that another summer is reckoned with the death of the sq. Mikhail, from November 22. 1318 Yuri, who returned to Rostov, of course, could have been in half of September 6828 = 1319. Collection. l. IV, 59. Collection l. V, 215. Nikon. l. III, 123. Relics of St. The prince's church was acquired in 1632, when a new cathedral was being built. During the pestilence of 1655 there was an advantage. St. relics, not September 1, but September 30. Tsarsk No. 106. 123, where the service of St. sq. on 22 Nov. In the Menaion we already see Macarius on November 22. "The murder of St. sq. Mikhail Tverskoy. The same is in the calendar of the charter and the psalter of the 16th century. Tolstoy 1. No. 100. 113. Service of St. book To Michael in the Menaion for November, M. 1646. Slavic ancient text of the legend - in the Izv. acad. VIII, 153. 154. The same in the printed prologue under November 22, with a few changes. Potuk (Stream), mentioned also by Kantakouzenos in 1322, according to Safarik, “probably the current Batak” (Ant. II, 364). This is in the Plovdiv district. From Grigorovich (p. 162): “Batkun, with the ancient monastery of St. Petra"; the monastery was “founded, as they say, by the Batkunsky ban.” - Isn’t it the parent of St. Mikhail? If righteous Michael was 25 years old in 865, and he was baptized as a child, then he was baptized in 840 in the first year of the reign of King Boris; the baptism of his parents was probably the fruit of the martyrdom of K. Boyan. See March 28 h. Byzantines at Chertkov, about Svyatoslav’s war pp. 127–132. The assumption of some that Michael went out to fight the Bulgarians in 865 is irreconcilable with the life of the righteous Michael. Here the location of the battle with the enemies is indicated near the Raifa desert, i.e. in Aravin. And among the Byzantines, the enemies of the empire are called Hagarians (in Leo the grammarian, George the monk and Reorgiy Amartol), by which name the Arabs are usually called, or “Ishmaelites” (continued by Constantine), - again Arabs. “Yastiya prokudiishasya.” Vostokov “makes prokudity αχρειουν useless.” According to the printed prologue, “taking a closer look.” For Vostokov, “smooth the καυματιλειν - add some water.” Nowadays in Ternov there is an ancient church “St. Spas", in the yard; In the 13th century, a new patriarchal church of St. Apostles, but now whole. Grigorovich is on his way. 174. 173. In the Zografskaya minea of ​​the 14th century. memory of Righteous Michael on November 22. Devotee of St. mountains page 336. Akropolitan: “having retreated from Odrin, he dispersed the (Ash) Latins and entered Macedonia without hindrance, enriched himself with large booty, robbed cities with people; - and completely destroyed some of the cities, so that otherwise the Greeks would not take possession of them again. So he destroyed to the ground Philippopolis, a beautiful city on the Ebre, and other cities - Heraclia, Panius, Redest, Chariopolis, Tryakhnopolis, Makr, Claudiopolis, Mosinopolis, Peripherion and many others. He settled the people on the tributaries of the Danube.” Raicha I, 447–452. The acropolis did not show the whole truth about the cities and their inhabitants. This is what a Western writer says about Philippopolis: “they (the crusaders) reached Binopolis, a large but deserted city, in which, despite the fact that the army was located in apartments, there were no residents almost a house away.” This was the case in 1189. It is clear that before Yasen’s campaigns the cities were without inhabitants. Why? The same Westerner writes further: “the chief of Branditsa (Brashichev), lying on the borders of Bulgaria and Hungary, hurried to Const. to the king (Isaac Angel) and said to him: how could you allow such godless people to pass through your domain? They do not spare either cities or towns and betray everything to robbery... The Emperor (Barbarussa) began in anger to devastate the surroundings (Philippopolis), ordering the land on which the cities and villages stood to be plowed with a plow... The army plundered so much gold, silver, precious clothes and cattle that someone paid eight bulls for one chicken" (Arnolod of Lubeck Stasyulevich: Middle Ages, III, 525. 526). After this, it is clear that the inhabitants of Macedonia and Thrace themselves willingly fled to Bulgaria, protected by the firm hand of the Ashes. – Patriarch Vasily, a contemporary of John Yasen I or Kalo-Ioann, who in 1203 accepted the crown from the cardinal, is not mentioned in the Bulgarian Synodikon (Vremennik 1855, No. 21), is it not because he was temporarily subordinate to the pope? However, Yasen’s apparent obedience to the pope, which was allowed to receive the royal crown, did not stop Ash from beating the pope’s servants, the crusaders, wherever possible; and this makes it clear that the connection with dad was insincere and was interrupted by Ash, after receiving the crown.