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Saint Bartholomew the Apostle The Apostle Bartholomew is considered one and the same person with Nathanael (John 1:45–51,21:2), who after his father is called Bartholomew, that is, the son of Folomew, because the Hebrew word var means son. Nathanael was called to Jesus Christ by the Apostle. Philip, who finds Nathanael and says to him: Who wrote Moses in the law, and the prophets, who found Jesus, who was from Nazareth. Nathanael objected to Philip: can anything good come from Nazareth? “Come and see,” Philip answered humbly and prudently. Nathanael went, and when he approached, the Lord exclaimed: Behold, truly an Israelite, in him there is no flattery. How do you know me, Nathanael asked. Philip did not even shout to you before, but the Lord answered when he saw you under the fig tree. Having seen and heard the Lord, the knower of the heart, who showed him His omniscience, Nathanael immediately and before all the Apostles confessed Christ as the Son of God, the King of Israel. The Lord said to the confessor: You will see more of these. From here you will see the heavens opened, and the angels of God ascending and descending on the Son of Man (John 1:45–51). On the third day after this, Nathanael was with the Lord and with His other disciples at a wedding in Cana of Galilee (John 2:2). A year later, Bartholomew was chosen by the Lord from among His many disciples to become the twelve Apostles (Luke 4:13–14). After the descent of the Holy Spirit, Bartholomew traveled from Judea to different countries of the East to preach the Gospel, often together with St. Philip. According to the legend of St. John Chrysostom, he was in Syria, Phrygia, Lycaonia, Pisidia, in Hierapolis, where he was sent by Providence to help Ap. Philip, whom he buried there after his martyrdom. According to the legend of Eusebius, Bartholomew spread the preaching of the word even to India, which is called Happy Arabia, and for the Indian Church he left the Gospel of Matthew, written in Hebrew and found there in the 2nd century by Panten, the famous mentor of the Alexandrian Christian School. From India Ap. Bartholomew returned to Armenia and here he died in the city of Albanopol (Alban) as a martyr for the Gospel, being hanged on a cross and then beheaded with a sword. Body of St. Bartholomew was first laid to rest in Albanople; Then, by the enemies of the faith of Christ, he was thrown into the sea and, by God's providence, transferred to the Sicilian island of Lipari and buried there. Theodore the reader writes: “Tsar Anastasius (491–518) built the city of Dara, and saw St. Ap. Bartholomew, who told him that he himself would guard this city. For this reason, Anastasius moved his remains there and laid them there, probably part of his relics. In the days of Theophilus, the Greek king, in 833, when Lipara was conquered by the Hagarians, the body of St. Bartholomew was transferred to Benevento - the city of Naples, and from here by Emperor Otto II (973-989) to Rome. Repose of Ap. The Church remembers Bartholomew on June 11, and the transfer of his relics to Benevento is on August 25. These days she glorifies the miraculous appearance of the Apostle of teachings with radiance and terrible miracles. The Monk Joseph, the creator of the canons, decorated the festival of St. in the 9th century. Ap. Bartholomew with church hymns and canonical songs, now offered in honor of this Apostle. Proverbs on days dedicated to St. Ap. Bartholomew, read common to the Apostles - the first talks about the boldness before God that the Apostles had, because they kept the commandments of God, and about the distinction between the Spirit of God that dwelt in the Apostles, and the spirit of flattery with which the false prophets were filled (1 John 3:21, 4:1-6); the second proclaims on behalf of the Apostles: we see and testify that the Father sent the Son of the Savior to the world. Even if you confess that Jesus is the Son of God, God abides in him, and in God (1 John 4:11–16); the third speaks of the victory that took place in the world through the Apostles: and this is the victory that has overcome the world, our faith. He who overcomes the world, only believes that Jesus is the Son of God (1 John 4:20,5:5). The Gospel at Matins is the same as at Matins on the day of St. Peter and Paul. At the liturgy, through the reading of the Apostle, the Church preaches about the persecution of the first disciples of Christ, which was directed by Providence to the spread of the word of God, and about the deeds of St. Apostles for the multiplication of the Church of Christ (Acts 11:19–30); and in the reading of the Gospel the Savior preaches that he who listens to you, the Apostles, listens to Me (Luke 10:16–21). The Apostle Barnabas came from the tribe of Levi and was born on the island of Cyprus, where his parents moved. Before his Apostleship, he was called Josiah or Joseph, and from the Apostles he was nicknamed Barnabas - the son of consolation, as a sign that he, according to John Chrysostom, had a special gift to comfort the mourning. He had his own land near Jerusalem (Acts 4:36–37). Ancient Christian writers - Clement of Alexandria, Eusebius, Saint Epiphanius - tell that Josiah, at a young age, was sent by his parents from Cyprus to Jerusalem to the famous Gamaliel, and was brought up by him and together with Saint Paul, then still Saul. The young men, the best students of the first teacher of the law in their time, gifted with great spiritual abilities, zealously seeking enlightenment, sitting together at the feet of Gamaliel, could not help but be united by close friendship. But until a certain time, Providence was pleased to lead them along different paths to the acceptance of the faith of Christ. Saul remained for a long time an ardent zealot for the traditions of his fathers; he persecuted the Church of God and destroyed it (Gal. 1:13–14). On the contrary, there is a legend about Josiah that he knew the Lord Jesus much earlier than Saul and believed in Him. Every morning and evening, visiting the Temple of Jerusalem, Josiah had the opportunity to see the Redeemer there; I heard His Divine teachings, saw miracles - and was deeply touched by my soul and heart. One day, like the Apostle Philip (John 1:46), he said to his relative Mary, the mother of John Mark (Acts 12:12): “a certain prophet Jesus teaches in the church, works great miracles, and many think that He is the expected Messiah. Seeing the Lord Jesus, Mary threw herself at His feet and begged him to visit her house and bless those at home. The Lord did not deny, and from that time on, Mary’s house became the Savior’s refuge whenever He visited Jerusalem. Young Josiah, seen by the Redeemer already in the church and now blessed again in his aunt’s house, clung to the Lord even more ardently, and as soon as the Lord returned from Jerusalem to Galilee, he followed him and was then elected one of the 70 disciples. After the ascension of Jesus Christ to heaven and upon receiving from heaven another Teacher and Comforter, when the holy Apostles, together with other believers, still formed a small society in which community was observed, and who had one heart and soul, Barnabas sold his land and brought the money received for it and laid it at the feet of the Apostles (Acts 4:32-37). In general, Barnabas was a good man and full of the Holy Spirit and faith (Acts 11:24). He performed his Apostolic ministry, like the other Apostles, by the direct calling of the Holy Spirit (Acts 13:2). They say that Saint Barnabas, often seeing Saul in Jerusalem, persuaded him in every possible way to turn to the Gospel, wept bitterly over the cruelty of his friend, who breathed repression and murder against Christians, and fervently prayed for his conversion. After Saul’s conversion to Jesus Christ, when Saul came to Jerusalem in the year 37 after the Nativity of Christ and the disciples of the Lord feared him, unbelievingly, as if he were a disciple, Barnabas informed them of the event of his miraculous conversion and introduced Saul to them as a true follower of Christ and a zealous preacher of the Gospel. From then on, Saul forever united with the holy Apostles for the same service with them (Acts 9:26–28). When the Apostles heard that a great number in Antioch believed and turned to the Lord, they sent Barnabas to Antioch; Arriving there, he urged everyone to cling to the Lord with all their hearts. Through the preaching of Barnabas, many people in Antioch were united to the Lord (Acts 11:11–24). But the spiritual harvest in Antioch was so abundant and extensive that it required not one, but many workers. Therefore, Barnabas, about 43 years after the Nativity of Christ, called the Apostle Paul to Antioch, and was his collaborator in preaching, miracles and suffering for the word of God. For a whole year they gathered with the local Church and taught a considerable number of people. The disciples in Antioch were the first to be called Christians. During the famine that occurred throughout the entire earth under Caesar Claudius, the Antiochian Christians, having collected alms according to whatever they had, sent Paul and Barnabas with them to Jerusalem (Acts 11:25-30). Having completed their assignment, Barnabas and Saul returned to Antioch, and brought with them John, nicknamed Mark, nephew of Barnabin (Col. 4:10. Acts 12:25). In Antioch, as they served the Lord and fasted, the Holy Spirit said to them: separate Barnabas and Saul from the other prophets and teachers of the Church of Antioch for the work that they called upon. Encouraged by fasting and prayer and ordained as Apostles for the Gentiles, Barnabas and Paul were sent by the Holy Spirit to Seleucia; from there they sailed to Cyprus, the homeland of Barnabas, from Cyprus to Salimina, where they preached the word of God in the Jewish synagogues. Having been on the island, in the city of Paphos, they converted the local proconsul Sergius-Paul to Christ. From Paphos they went to Perga Pamphylia, from Perga to Antioch Pisidia, where almost the entire city gathered to listen to them (Acts XIII). From Antioch, having come to Iconium, they preached here with such power and persuasiveness, as if many Jews and Greeks believed. In Iconium, the Apostles Barnabas and Paul stayed for quite a long time and fearlessly preached with the help of the Lord, who, as a witness to the word of His grace, performed signs and wonders with their hands. Persecuted by the enemies of the faith of Christ, who wanted to stone them, the Apostles withdrew from Iconium to the cities of Lystra and Derbe, and to the environs of these cities of Lycaonia. In Lystra, the people, amazed at the miraculous healing of a man lame from birth by the Apostle Paul, raised a cry and said in Lycaonian: the gods in human form have come to us. Barnabas, due to his venerable appearance and slender physical figure, as Saint Chrysostom notes, was called Zeus or Jupiter, the supreme pagan deity; and Saint Paul for his eloquence - Mercury, because Mercury was revered by the pagans as the god of eloquence. The idol priest and the people had already prepared to offer them pagan sacrifices and wreaths; The apostles had difficulty stopping the people from doing this. Despite the people's respect for the Apostles, their enemies, the Jews, who came from Iconium and Antioch, rebelled against the Listrians, and the Apostles went to Derbe and, having acquired quite a few disciples there, took the return journey. They again visited Lystra, Iconium, Pisidic or Phrygian Antioch, confirming everywhere the souls of their disciples and ordaining elders for each Church. Passed through Pisidia and Pamphylia; Another time they preached the word in Perga, and from Attalia, a city of Pamphylia, which lay on the borders of Lycia, they sailed to Antioch, from which they originally came and which was the main city of Syria (Acts XIV); and from Antioch they went to Jerusalem for the Council. The Apostolic Council, at its end, sent Barnabas and Paul with its decrees again to Antioch, praising them as faithful servants of God, who gave up their souls for the name of our Lord Jesus Christ (Acts 15:1-30). But now in Antioch, about 51 years after the Nativity of Christ, Barnabas separated from Paul. Although separated forever in body, the Apostles were never separated in spirit. Six years or more after the separation, Saint Paul wrote to Corinth and justified Saint Barnabas as himself (1 Cor. 9:6). Even John Mark, who was partly the cause of the separation (Acts 15:36–39), was later lovingly mentioned by the Apostle Paul in his epistles and cared for him as his loved one, as a person necessary for himself, and as one of his best collaborators in the work of the gospel (Col. 4:10, 2 Tim. 4:1, Phil. 1:23). After separation from the Apostle Paul, Barnabas arrived in Cyprus (Acts 15:36–39), where he worked hard in preaching the Gospel to his fellow citizens, and converted many of them to Christ. Having spread and established the holy faith in Cyprus, Barnabas, according to the legend of Dorotheus of Tyre, went to Rome, where he first preached Christ and illuminated Milan with the faith of Christ, and again returned to Cyprus; Finally, in Salamis, he received the crown of martyrdom, having been stoned. The body of the Apostle was thrown into the fire, but remained unharmed. Saint John Mark buried the relics of Barnabas outside the city and placed in the tomb the Gospel of Matthew, rewritten by Saint Barnabas’s own hand. From his own letter it is clear that he ended his Apostolic labors after the destruction of Jerusalem by Titus. In the 5th century, during the reign of Zeno (474–491), St. the relics of Barnabas were found, discovered and glorified. The Antiochian Patriarch Peter, infected with the Eutychian heresy, consumed by lust for power and unreasonable zeal for the spread of his harmful teaching, set out to subjugate the island of Cyprus to his power under the pretext that the word of God was brought here from Antioch. Ap. Barnabas appeared in a night vision and commanded the pious Archbishop of Cyprus, Anthemius, to reveal his relics. Anthemius, by order of the Apostle, found them in 488 on June 11 and on the Persian relics is the Gospel of Matthew, copied by Barnabas; the archbishop announced this discovery to the tsar and patriarch. Emperor Zeno joyfully received the news that during the days of his reign God was pleased to show a sign of His omnipotent grace. After this, it was decided that the Church of Cyprus, as an Apostolic Church, having in itself the relics of one of the saints. Apostles, was not subordinate to the Patriarch of Antioch, but was governed independently, by its own hierarchy. The emperor asked the archbishop for the Gospel found in the Persians by Ap. Barnabas, and placed it in his court church. With his generosity, Zeno helped Archbishop Anthymius to build on the site of the discovery of the relics of Ap. Barnabas is the church of God for their position and keeping. Since the discovery of the relics, a celebration has been established in memory of St. Ap. Barnabas, and is performed as our Right. Church and Roman, June 11th. Since ancient times, the Syrian Church has honored St. Barnabas as a martyr; in France, his holiday was established in the 9th century; Since ancient times, England has honored the memory of St. Barnabas with special reverence; Liguria and Milan recognize him as their first bishop and Apostle. If the opinion of our domestic researchers of Slavic antiquity is true that Milan has been inhabited by Slavs since ancient times and was a Slavic city, then we can St. Barnabas is also revered as a Slavic Apostle, along with St. Ap. Andrew the First-Called. Monument of faith and Apostolic penance of St. Barnabas on the spread and establishment of Christian teaching is also served by one of his conciliar epistles that has survived to us, filled with spiritual wisdom, Apostolic simplicity and living edification; in spirit and direction very close to the message of St. Ap. Paul to the Hebrews. The authenticity of Barnabin's message, as an undoubted monument of the Apostolic times, was often pointed out by the most famous writers of the first Christian centuries: Clement of Alexandria, Origen, Tertullian. The Holy Church, glorifying Barnabas in its hymns, says: “thou passed through the earth, illuminating like the sun, and came to glorious Rome, first, more glorious. You preached Christ's coming of salvation. The organ was well composed, by spiritual deeds, Barnabo, you were, you entrusted your tongue to the calling, instructing you in words and deeds to the knowledge of Christ. Like the son of consolation, like Paul before him, he became the seventieth disciple, and with Paul again preached the Gospel at the end.” Proverbs, readings of the Gospel and the Apostle on St. Day. Barnabas are the same as those appointed in honor of St. Ap. Bartholomew, whom the Church remembers on the same day as St. Barnabas. The Repose of St. Barnabas Homeland of the Rev. Barnabas was Veliky Ustyug 107. Here he was a priest and during the Cheremissky raids he left his homeland. Arriving on the banks of the Vetluga River, he settled on Mount Krasnaya and labored here in solitude for 28 years. Then in the vicinity of Red Mountain, even 50 miles away, there was no human habitation; the hermit ate grass and rarely bread; wild animals did not harm those who lived according to the will of God. When people learned about him, they began to come to him for instructions, and he taught the fear of God. Rev. Macarius spent some time with him to talk about the salvation of the soul, when in 1439 he passed to the Unzha River. The blessed one died on June 11, 1445 108. After his death, his disciples and newly arrived monks built a church in the name of the Holy Trinity, and another over the tomb of the saint in the name of St. Nicholas and formed a monastery, which later enjoyed respect 109. The relics of St. Barnabas was testified by order of the patriarchs. Joasaph in 1639 on the occasion of the miracles that took place at his tomb. The Vetluga priests John and Onesiphorus, with their priestly conscience, testified that the first of them was seriously suffering from an eye disease, and on the advice of the monks of the monastery, he prayed at the tomb of St. Barnabas and received sight; another received healing from his illness there. Nowadays, from the ancient monastery there remains a church in the name of the Apostle Barnabas, with the relics of the saint, serving as a cathedral church for the city of Varnavina, Kostroma province, which was formed here, 387 versts from Kostroma 110. RKP. life of the Rev. Barnabas, written on the occasion of the witnessing of his relics in 1639. RKP. Saints: “Rev. Barnabas the hermit, like on Lapshancha, on the Vetluga river. new wonderworker, reposed on June 7053 (1445) at 11 days.” Certificates in a. e. 4, 125. East. A. 5, 111. Swedish about the monastery 163. M. 1852 Dictionary of Saints 52. 53.