Interpretation of the 1st Epistle of the Apostle Peter

Blessed Theophylact of Bulgaria gained experience in explaining the Holy Scriptures when, as a rhetorician of the Great Church, he instructed the people. Most of his written interpretations arose at the request of the Greek Empress Maria, whom he calls his pious patron. These works became an outstanding synthesis and transposition of the established patristic traditions, primarily the heritage of the Antiochian theological school and St. John Chrysostom. As a rule, the author presents abbreviated versions of extensive interpretations of the ancient Church Fathers, borrowing only what is necessary for understanding the text. The commentary also includes his own explanations, which often concern disputes with heretics, especially later ones, and issues of dialogue with the Latins. Thanks to his clear, concise presentation and clear semantic emphasis, his commentaries were accessible to a wide range of readers, became widespread and had a significant influence on both Byzantine and Western European theology. The “Commentary on the 1st Epistle of the Apostle Peter” (5 chapters) reveals the theme of the new birth in Jesus Christ, examines the issue of patience in life’s trials and strengthening the hope for salvation, which was foretold by the ancient prophets. The author talks about the need to follow the example of Christ by keeping His commandments. He writes about the responsibilities of family members and believers in society, emphasizing the value of family and obedience, based on the example of the Old Testament wife Sarah. Blessed Theophylact reveals the symbolism of Baptism, calls for the fight against passions and temptations through the acquisition of modesty and humility. Contents of the first letter of St. Peter the Apostle About rebirth in Christ. – About patience in trials and about the saving faith foretold by the prophets. - Of hope and sanctification, and of the steadfast conduct required by adoption. - About a life worthy of adoption in Christ for the benefit of those outside (pagans) for the glory of God. – About submission to superiors, brotherly love and godliness, where: a) about the subordination of slaves to masters and gentle patience for the sake of Christ, b) about the obedience of wives, their like-mindedness with their husbands, and salvation given by the Spirit, in the image of Sarah, c) about the duty of husbands to their wives, d) about meek kindness towards everyone, the example of which is the love of God revealed under Noah, and Christ's compassion for us, revealed in baptism. – About putting off bad deeds, and about bearing the fruits of the Spirit according to the difference of talents. – That through communion with Christ one must overcome sensual passions and, with trust in Him, endure harm from others. —Admonitions to shepherds to care for the flock. - About the common humility of mind in relation to everyone for victory over the devil. – Prayer for the perfection of believers. Contents of the first letter of St. Peter the Apostle The Apostle Peter, as he himself says, writes to Jews who are in dispersion and have become Christians. His message is educational. Since some of the Jews believed, the apostle confirms them in the faith. First of all, he explains and proves that faith in Christ was foretold by the prophets, just as the redemption of His Blood was predicted through them, and that everything that the angels wish to penetrate was announced to the Jews and pagans. Then he convinces those to whom he writes to behave worthy of Him who called them, exhorts them to honor rulers, and commands wives and husbands to be of the same mind. Having further offered several moral exhortations, he declares that the Lord preached in hell about salvation and resurrection, so that those who had previously died would be resurrected, and judged in the body, and would remain in the grace of resurrection; adds that the end of everything is approaching, and everyone must be ready to give an account to the Judge, and then ends the message. You might be interested in: