Изъяснение псалма 93-го.

"A Psalm to David on the Fourth Sabbath." Not inscribed among the Jews. It is obvious that this inscription was made by someone other than the Prophet and those who did not translate the psalm at the beginning. The content of the psalm is as follows. Many of the Jews, both princes and kings, loved lawlessness, and in court pronounced sentence unrighteously, daring to kill, and selling the blood of innocents for gifts. Blessed Isaiah condemned them, saying, “Hear..., the princes of Sodom” (Is. 1:10); and again: “Your princes do not repent, ... loving gifts, persecuting recompense, not judging the orphans, and not heeding the judgment of widows” (Is. 1:23); and not only condemned, but also offered them admonitions: “Judge the fatherless, and justify the widow” (Is. 1:17). Blessed Habakkuk made the same accusation, and offering a prayer to God, he said: “Make men like the fish of the sea, and the elders who have no property like creeping things. The wicked devours the righteous” (Hab. 1:13-14). So the wonderful Jeremiah, as well as other Prophets, continued to condemn their untruths. Seeing this from afar with prophetic eyes, the divine David wrote this psalm so that his contemporaries would benefit from the sweet singing performed in the divine church. He also teaches about the providence of God, and as a result, about the punishment of those living viciously. He represents the psalm as spoken on behalf of those brought up in piety, who suffer injustice from these rulers. Ps.93:1. God of vengeance, Lord, God of vengeance, reveal Yourself! “The God of vengeance, Lord, the God of vengeance does not hesitate to eat.” Instead of: “I didn’t hesitate to eat,” Aquila, and similarly other interpreters translated: appear. I beg You, the God of all things, the Lord, the Ruler of creatures, who imposes worthy punishment on those who do injustice, hear and accept my petition, says the Prophet. Ps.93:2. Arise, Judge of the earth, give vengeance to the proud. “Ascend, Judge of the earth, reward the proud.” Show everyone the height of Your dominion, bring down the arrogance of the arrogant, teaching by experience that You are the Judge of the universe. Ps.93:3. How long, O Lord, will the wicked, how long will the wicked triumph? Ps.93:4. They spew out insolent speeches; all who practice iniquity are magnified. “How long will sinners, Lord, how long will sinners be praised?” “Shall all the workers of iniquity speak and proclaim lies?” He pleads not that the lawless should be destroyed, but that they should not rule and have no power that would give them the means to do injustice. Ps.93:5. They trample down Your people, O Lord, they oppress Your inheritance. Ps.93:6. The widow and the stranger are killed, and the orphans are put to death. “Your people, O Lord, are humble, and Your heritage is embittered.” “I killed the widow and the sire, and killed the stranger.” They dared, O Lord, to commit every kind of untruth; they boast of dominion, they utter untruthful speeches, and their deeds are worse than their words. Those who have lost their spouses and mourn the loss of their fathers are ready prey for them; those who came from the pagans and wished to live according to Your laws suffer from them unrighteous slaughter: for these the Prophet designated by the name “foreigner.” Ps.93:7. and they say: “The Lord will not see, and the God of Jacob will not know.” “And he decided, The Lord will not see, but God will understand Jacob.” This is the highest degree of wickedness! They dare to do this, says the Prophet, not thinking that You oversee and provide for human affairs. Not just adding: “God of Jacob,” but to increase the accusation. For having learned how great God’s providence is for the people, both in the sending of the Prophets, and in the appointment of priests, and in times of war, and in times of peace, they do not fear the God of all, as He who watches over us. After this, the Prophet gives them advice and admonition. Ps.93:8. Come to your senses, senseless people! When will you be smart, ignoramuses? “Understand the madness in people, and you will never be wise.” Late in time, you foolish ones, will wish to understand and find out the properties of things. Ps.93:9. Will he who plugs the ear not hear? and the eye that formed will not see? “Engage your ears, won’t you hear? or he who creates the eye, does he not look? The Prophet expounded the doctrine in the strictest conclusions. For he says: He who formed an eye from dust and gave it the power of vision, and also created ears and endowed them with the sense of hearing, does He Himself not see, does not hear, and the Creator of this Himself is deprived of the power that He gave to others? Ps.93:10. He who admonishes the nations will not reprove - He who teaches man understanding? “Punish tongues, will you not reprove?” He subjects the pagans who have not accepted the law and do not use the prophetic teachings to punishment; will your iniquity not be exposed? “Teach man understanding.” He created human rational nature, and by what is visible in creation, and what happens every day, He imparts to it even greater knowledge. Ps.93:11. The Lord knows the thoughts of men that they are vain. “The Lord is the message of the thoughts of men, for they are vanity.” On the contrary, he not only sees and hears, but also knows our thoughts, which falsely conclude about His providence. Thus, having taught decent healing to those who do wrong, the Prophet offers sufficient consolation to the offended; and to make this more convincing, he reasons like this: Ps.93:12. Blessed is the man whom You admonish, O Lord, and instruct with Your law. “Blessed is man; if the Lord chastise him, teach him of Your law.” For many are in the habit of calling those who love piety and profit from the law of God miserable. Ps.93:13. To give him rest in times of trouble, until a pit is dug for the wicked! "Tame him from the days of cruelty." Those who have accepted even a little admonition in this life will find the future judgment more meek. For the Prophet called eternal torment “fierce days.” “The Dondezh is dug into a pit for sinners”; That is why those who love iniquity will be given over to unceasingly continuing punishment. Just as it is impossible for someone who has fallen into a deep pit to get out of it if no one helps, so there is no way to avoid eternal torment if God’s love for mankind does not delight in this. Ps.93:14. For the Lord will not reject His people, nor forsake His inheritance. “For the Lord will not reject His people, nor forsake His inheritance.” The people of God in this life will enjoy the proper provision for them, as being called the property of God and the people of God. Ps.93:15. For judgment will return to righteousness, and all the upright in heart will follow it. “Dondezhe truth will go to court.” He will use this providence until the truth of God appears, to create judgment for all people. This prophetic word makes clear the incarnation of our God and Savior and the renunciation of the Jews. For He called the Lord Christ Himself righteousness, since He is also called the sun of righteousness, and blessed Paul said about Him: “And we have received wisdom from God, and righteousness and sanctification and deliverance” (1 Cor. 1:30). Therefore, the Prophet, having mentioned Divine providence, and said: “For the Lord will not reject His people, nor forsake His property,” and foreseeing their future renunciation, by the way added: “Until then the truth will return to judgment.” For as long as they do not deny the coming of truth, they will take advantage of the provision for them from above. “And those who hold to it are all right in heart.” Aquila and Theodotion translated: and after her all the right in heart; that is, this Source of salvation, which the Prophet calls righteousness, will be followed by those who have a mind not clouded by unbelief, and who are guided by right thoughts. The words of the Lord also agree with what was said. For when he saw Peter and Andrew sweeping “snaps into the sea,” he said to them: “He is coming after Me, and I will make you a fisher of men” (Matthew 4:19); and to the one who said: “Tell me first to go and bury my father,” the Lord answered, “Leave the dead to bury their dead”; and you “come after Me” (Matthew 8:21–22). Therefore, the Prophet says that God will provide for the Jews until they renounce, and those who are upright in heart will become His followers, holding on to Him, devoted to Him and not at all willing to leave Him. Ps.93:16. Who will rise up for me against the evildoers? who will stand for me against the workers of iniquity? “Who will stand up against the wicked? or who will stand before me against the workers of iniquity?” Symmachus translated more clearly; who will stand up for me against the evildoers? who will stand for me against the workers of iniquity? I am deprived of all human help, but I have a great Helper, Who can easily scatter the hordes of the resistant. The Prophet made this visible in the added words. Ps.93:17. If the Lord had not been my helper, my soul would soon have entered the land of silence. “If the Lord had not helped me, my soul would have gone to hell.” If I had not taken advantage of His providence for me; then, without a doubt, they would have put me to death. Ps.93:18. When I said, “My foot falters,” Thy mercy, O Lord, supported me. “If you say, “My foot moves, Your mercy, Lord, helps me.” For by immediately calling on Your providence for help and revealing my weakness, I took advantage of Your love for mankind. Ps.93:19. When my sorrows multiply in my heart, Your consolations delight my soul. “Because of the multitude of my illnesses in my heart, Your consolations have made my soul glad.” From Your goodness I received consolation corresponding to illness. This is what Blessed Paul said: “Just as the sufferings of Christ abound in us, so our consolation also abounds in Christ” (2 Cor. 1:5); and again: “in everything we grieve, but not in cold; we have no hope, but do not despair: we persecute, but do not forsake; we overthrow, but do not perish” (2 Cor. 4:8-9). Ps.93:20. Will the seat of destroyers, plotting violence contrary to the law, stand near You? “Let not the throne of iniquity come to you; do the work according to the commandment.” Symmachus translated more clearly: Let not the throne of insult join You, contrary to the command, causing disaster; that is, do not agree to be an accomplice of unrighteousness with those who judge lawlessly; those who pronounce judgment contrary to what You have commanded bring the resulting disaster. For the Prophet called untruthful judges the throne of insult and iniquity, who reap labor and misfortune as the fruit of unrighteousness. Ps.93:21. They rush in a crowd towards the soul of the righteous and condemn innocent blood. “They will catch the soul of the righteous, and they will condemn innocent blood.” That is the point of these lawless judges, to use every trick against the righteous, and to condemn the innocent, who have not sinned in anything, to death. Ps.93:22. But the Lord is my defense, and my God is the rock of my refuge. “And the Lord will be my refuge, and my God will be the help of my hope.” And I took advantage of the Lord’s providence for me, and I had Him as a strong stronghold. Ps.93:23. And he will turn their iniquity upon them, and by their wickedness he will destroy them; the Lord our God will destroy them. “The Lord will reward them for their iniquity, and the Lord God will destroy them through their wickedness.” They will reap the fruits of their labors and receive a reward worthy of their wickedness. This was written not only for them, but for all people; because the God of all, providing for all people, offers beneficial healing to everyone. You might be interested in: