Изъяснение псалма 80-го.

Ps.80:1. To the head of the choir. On the gun of Gath. Psalm of Asaph. “At the end, O sharpeners, a psalm to Asaph.” This psalm foreshadows the calling and subsequent alienation of the Jews, followed by the calling of the pagans, and the fruit of piety in the holy Churches, as in winepresses, is offered to God. The beginning of the psalm is presented in such a way, as if those who brought this prayer had already returned, rejoiced and mutually convinced each other to sing songs of praise to the Savior God. Ps.80:2. Sing joyfully to God, our rock; shout to the God of Jacob. “Rejoice in God our helper.” Symmachus translated: “bless”; Aquila: “glorify,” that is, offer a song of thanksgiving to God, who has made us partakers of His providence. "Shout to the God of Jacob." This, as we have said many times, is a victorious exclamation. Therefore, they mutually encourage each other to compose a hymn to God, who has given victory. Ps.80:3. Take a psalm, give a tympanum, a sweet-sounding harp with a psalter. “Receive the psalm and give the tympanum, the psalter is red with the harp.” During divine chants, various instruments were used, and this is shown by the history of Chronicles. Therefore, the prophetic word convinces that the assembled faces respond to each other with the most harmonious sounds of these instruments, and sing songs to God, some on lyres, others on tympanums, others on harps. Symmachus called the Psalter the lyre. Ps.80:4. Blow the trumpet at the new moon at a certain time, on the day of our holiday. Ps.80:5. For this is the law of Israel, established by the God of Jacob. “Blow the trumpet in the new moon on the blessed day of your holiday.” “For this is the commandment of Israel, and the destiny of the God of Jacob.” God commanded the priests to use trumpets, and they reminded the people of the trumpets on the mountain. For when the God of all spoke on Mount Sinai, then, it is said, “the voice of the trumpet spoke loudly” (Ex. 19:16). The priests reminded the people of this Epiphany by using trumpets. Therefore, the seven depicted in the psalm who returned from captivity and were granted Divine help rightly urge, along with other instruments, to use trumpets Ps.80:6. He established this as a testimony to Joseph when he came out of the land of Egypt, where he heard the sounds of a language that he did not know. “He placed a witness in Joseph until he was taken out of the land of Egypt.” The Prophet here calls all the people Joseph. since Joseph was the culprit of their entry into Egypt, he named the people after him; He says that God gave this law to the people, freeing them from Egypt. Then he calculates the benefits provided. “I heard a language I didn’t know.” For having never before been worthy to listen to the divine voice, he heard it while receiving the law in the desert. Ps.80:7. I removed his weights from the ramen, and his hands were freed from the baskets. “His backbone has been taken away from the burden; his hand is full of work.” The Prophet expressed the labors in Egypt: hard work and plywood making, because they were forced, most likely, to wear clay on their shoulders, and such labors are mainly felt by the spine. After this, the Prophet introduces the face of God to those speaking, and first reminds them of the benefits shown, and then offers admonition and advice, after which he predicts disobedience and punishment for disobedience: Ps.80:8. In trouble you called on Me, and I delivered you; out of the midst of the thunder I heard you; by the waters of Meribah I tested you. “In sorrow you called Me, and delivered you.” You sighed in Egypt, suffering from labor, and immediately became worthy of philanthropy. History also shows this. For it is said: “And the children of Israel groaned because of their cruel deeds: and their cry went up to God” (Ex. 2:23). “Hear you in the secret of the burne.” And Symmachus translated it like this: “I listened to you with hidden thunder”; and other translators also used the word: “thunder”. By this God means the following: without revealing Myself, but having an invisible nature, I made salvation visible to all people, as if by thunder, through the Egyptian plagues, letting everyone understand what kind of providence I have for you. “I tempted you on the water of bickering.” Having come to Marah, and finding bitter water, they cried out against Moses and grumbled against God. From this act the place received its name. Therefore, says God, with this water I rebuked your ungrateful heart, but without difficulty I changed the quality of the water, and made the bitter sweet. Ps.80:9. Hear, My people, and I will testify to you: Israel! Oh, if only you had listened to Me! Ps.80:10. You shall have no other god, and do not worship a foreign god. Ps.80:11. I am the Lord your God, who brought you out of the land of Egypt; open your mouth, and I will fill it. “Hear, My people, and I will testify to you.” Therefore, having learned My power through experience, readily accept the laws I prescribe to you. This experience serves as evidence for you, foreshadowing your punishment for disobedience and the benefits of obedience. “To Israel, if you listen to Me:” “There will be no new god for you; you will bow down to an alien god.” “For I am the Lord your God, who brought you out from the land of Egypt.” This also lies in the beginning of the law, for it is said: “I am the Lord your God, who brought you out of the land of Egypt. Let there be no gods for you other than Me” (Exodus 20:2–3). Therefore, here too we are commanded to worship God, who is not alien and new, but who has granted them deliverance. This also serves to expose the madness of Ariev and Eunomiev. For if the Only Begotten is not consubstantial, then, in fairness, he will be called alien. And if it was when He was not, then He is new and not eternal. And therefore, Arius and Eunomius clearly violate the Divine law, worshiping an alien and new God. But this is not the time to denounce their madness; however, this is enough to expose their lawlessness. “Open your mouth, and I will do it,” that is, make yourself obedient, observing obedience, and you will receive an abundance of blessings. After this he begins his accusatory speech. Ps.80:12. But My people did not listen to My voice, and Israel did not obey Me. “And My people did not listen to My voice, and Israel did not listen to Me.” This is the advice I gave him; but he did not agree to listen, and even heed what I say. Ps.80:13. Therefore I have left them to the stubbornness of their hearts, let them walk according to their own thoughts. “And I let them go according to the direction of their hearts, and they will go in the direction of their own.” Symmachus translated this: “since he left them to the pleasure of their hearts, to walk according to their will”; also Aquila: “And he sent them away in the hardness of their hearts; they will go to their meetings.” For, seeing the people disobedient, they deprived them of My care for them, and allowed them to be led by their own thoughts, like a boat without a load and without a helmsman. The truth of the prophecy is left to the discretion of those who wish. For the Jews, deprived of God's help, are scattered throughout the land and sea, from free they became slaves, and live in all wickedness, engaging in magic and demonic charms, but not agreeing to worship the Savior God. Ps.80:14. Oh that My people would listen to Me and Israel would walk in My ways! Ps.80:15. I would quickly subdue their enemies and turn My hand against their oppressors. “If My people had listened to Me, if Israel had walked in My way”: “For nothing else would I have humbled his enemies, and laid My hand on those who insulted them.” And if they had adhered to My teachings and followed My commandments, then I would have easily crushed their enemies. For the saying: “never mind” means convenience, that is, without effort and labor, in an instant I could bring destruction upon them. Ps.80:16. Those who hated the Lord would subjugate them, and their prosperity would continue forever. “Defeat the Lord who lies to Him.” Aquila translated it as follows: “those who hate the Lord will deny.” For by denying the Lord Christ they brought upon themselves hatred, they made themselves enemies of the Lord, lying to Him and breaking the covenants they had made. For it is said that according to the law, “people answered: everything that the Lord God said, we will do, and we will hear” (Ex. 24:3). These are the promises, but the deeds are directly contrary, because the Lord who appeared was crucified. But for their wickedness they also received retribution - eternal death. The prophecy also made this clear. “And their time will last forever.” Symmachus translated more clearly. For having said that the haters of the Lord lied to Him, he added: “But their time will be forever.” The Prophet calls disasters a time, for this is what the Syrians and Jews are in the habit of saying; That’s what many of us call disasters. - Therefore, he says that the Jews will not be subjected to these disasters for any specific time, but will remain forever deprived of God’s care. This is similar to the beginning of the seventy-third psalm: “Have you rejected everything, O God, to the end?” - for even there the Prophet foretold the complete rejection of the Jews. Ps.80:17. I would feed them with the fatness of wheat and satisfy them with honey from the rock. “And they were filled with the fatness of the wheat, and satisfied with the honey of the stone,” that is, sick with great ingratitude, they did not remember the benefits that had already been given to them. For in the desert he brought them sweet water from a stone, which to them who were thirsty seemed like the sweetness of honey, and in the Promised Land he gave them the fruits of the earth in abundance. The Prophet meant by part the whole, and by wheat he meant the giving of other fruits. You might be interested in: