Изъяснение псалма 70-го.

“The psalm to David, the sons of Jonadab and the first of those who were taken captive, is not written among the Jews.” The one who made this inscription himself admitted that he did not find it among the Jews, but added it on his own. You must know that it was not the sons of Jonadab who were taken into captivity first; for blessed Jeremiah was commanded by God, to expose the iniquity of the Jews, to bring wine to the sons of Jonadab. since they did not want to drink onago according to the rules of their ancestors, the Prophet finally accused the Jews of disobedience; because the sons of Jonadab keep human commandments, but they violate Divine laws. The psalm is spoken on behalf of those deported to Babylon who desire return and liberation from slavery. Blessed David wrote this psalm, adapting all the sayings in it to the host of the pious. Ps.70:1. I trust in You, Lord, that I may never be ashamed. “In Thee, O Lord, have I trusted, that I may never be ashamed.” I will not be deceived in my hope, says the Prophet, expecting Your help, and I will no longer endure reproach. Ps.70:2. According to Your righteousness, deliver me and set me free; incline Your ear to me and save me. Ps.70:3. Give me a firm refuge where I could always take refuge; You commanded to save me, for my rock and my fortress are You. “By Your righteousness deliver me and redeem me.” I beg You to give judgment to the Babylonians and to me, and pronounce a just sentence on them. For in this case I will be freed from their slavery. “Incline Your ear to me and save me.” “Be my protector God and the place to save me firmly: for you are my strength and my refuge.” You are my protector, my strong fence, my reliable bulwark, therefore graciously accept my prayer. Ps.70:4. My God! deliver me from the hand of the wicked, from the hand of the wicked and the oppressor. “My God, deliver me from the hand of the sinner, from the hand of the lawbreaker and the offender.” I beg You, Master, to deliver me from the dominion of those who live in wickedness and wickedness. Ps.70:5. For You are my hope, O Lord God, my hope from my youth. “For You are my patience, O Lord, Lord, my hope from my youth.” The Prophet called the time of the great Moses youth, when the Israelites enjoyed freedom after long-term Egyptian enslavement. From that time on, the people say, I have placed my trust in You and am awaiting Your help. Ps.70:6. I was established on You from the womb; You brought me out of my mother's womb; My praise to you will never cease. “I was established in You from the womb, from my mother’s womb You are my protector.” The Prophet calls the birth and origin of the world the descent from Egypt. God makes this visible to everyone through the divine Ezekiel, for, denouncing the wickedness of Jerusalem, and then saying: “Your father is an Amorite and your mother is a Hittite,” he added: “On the same day you were born, without cutting off your navel, nor salting you with salt, nor washing you with water for salvation” (Ezek. 16:3–4). Since the navel is like the root of a baby, through the navel it feeds and grows, and Israel, even after leaving Egypt, still had innate Egyptian wickedness, the Prophet rightly said: “without cutting off the navel,” that is, you extract food from your mother’s womb and remain with your previous endeavors. Therefore, the host of the pious, begging God, says: from ancient times, from the beginning, I had trust in You. “I will sing about You.” I do not cease to sing songs and glorify You, and through Your providence I have become glorious. Ps.70:7. For many I was like a wonder, but You are my firm hope. “Like a miracle for many.” But after this glory I experienced a great change, so that what happened to me seemed to many to be some kind of miracle and sign. “And You are my strong helper.” However, I expect Your help. Ps.70:8. May my lips be filled with praise, [so that I may sing Your glory,] Your splendor every day. “Let my lips be filled with praise, for I will sing of Your glory, Your splendor all the day long.” Therefore, having changed the wickedness in which I am now for the better, move my tongue to song, so that I will always offer up a song to You. For instead of the words: “all day,” Symmachus said: “every day.” Ps.70:9. Do not reject me in my old age; when my strength fails, do not leave me. “Do not reject me in my old age; when my strength fails, do not forsake me.” I ask that even now I may enjoy the same industry that I enjoyed in my youth, and I beg that even in my old age I will not be left without Your care. Since he called the exodus from Egypt youth, he called the time of captivity old age, because a lot of time passed between both. Ps.70:10. For my enemies speak against me, and those who lie in wait for my soul take counsel among themselves. Ps.70:11. Saying: “God has forsaken him; pursue and seize him, for there is no deliverer.” “As if my decisions were to defeat me, and those who were persecuting my soul conferred together.” “The verb: God left him to eat, marry him and have him, as if he does not deliver.” All those who are hostile to me swear at my misfortunes, do me all kinds of evil, seeing that I am deprived of Your care for me, and assuming that I am forever despised and will no longer take advantage of Your providence for me. Therefore, I beg you: Ps.70:12. God! do not move away from me; My God! hurry to help me. “My God, do not move away from Me; My God, please help me." Give Your quick help, and do not leave me far from Your care. The Prophet speaks about the removal from him not of the essence of God (it is present everywhere and in everyone), but of God’s providence and effective assistance. Ps.70:13. May those who are hostile to my soul be ashamed and disappear, may those who seek my harm be covered with shame and dishonor! “Let those who slander my soul be ashamed and disappear.” Symmachus translates as follows: “Let those who resist my soul be disgraced and destroyed, let them be deceived in their undertakings, let them reap shame from this, and let those who unjustly arrange my death remain unsuccessful.” “Let those who seek evil against me be clothed with shame and shame.” May those who expose me to all kinds of disasters become worthy of shame and ridicule. Ps.70:14. And I will always trust [in You] and increase all praise to You. “I always look to You.” Seeing all this, I am confirmed in my trust in You. “And I will add Your praise to all.” And I will sing hymns to You many times. Ps.70:15. My mouth will proclaim Your righteousness, Your good deeds every day; for I do not know their number. Ps.70:16. I will enter into meditation on the powers of the Lord God; I will remember Your righteousness - Yours alone. Ps.70:17. God! You have taught me from my youth, and to this day I proclaim Your wonders. Ps.70:18. And to old age and to gray hair, do not forsake me, O God, until I proclaim Your power to this generation and to all those who are to come. “My mouth will proclaim Your righteousness, Your salvation all the day long.” I will not cease to proclaim this truthful decree of Yours, and to make it known to everyone how, having judged me and my enemies, You freed me from slavery to them. “As if I didn’t know the book.” "I will go forth in the strength of the Lord." Symmachus translated it like this: “I don’t know how to count.” "I will go forth in the strength of the Lord." since he promised to proclaim about God’s justice and the salvation granted to him, and this promise is beyond human strength, he rightly added: I don’t know how to count. Blessed David said the same thing in the thirty-ninth psalm; for, having said: “Thou hast done many, O Lord my God, Thy wonders, and by Thy thought there is no one like unto Thee,” he added: “Thou hast announced and in verbs, multiplying more than in number” (Ps. 39:6). So he says here: I don’t know how to count; because my nature could not accommodate such writings and sciences; but, however, “I will go deep in the strength of the Lord,” and as far as human nature is possible, I will praise You. “Lord, I will remember righteousness to You alone.” “My God, you taught me from my youth.” I will sing songs to You, Master, seeing the truth shown to me, and remembering Your commandments, because You taught me this from childhood. And from this it is clear that the Prophet calls the times of the great Moses youth, for through him the law was given. “Even to this day I will proclaim Your wonders.” “And even to old age and old age, my God, do not forsake me.” I will proclaim Your wonders to the ignorant, and You, as from ancient times were called my God, always deign me to receive Your care. “I will proclaim Your arm to all the generations that are to come.” David prophetically predicts the future, and calls old age the end of the law - and this followed the coming of the Lord Christ. But Blessed Paul presents this to us more clearly when discussing the New Testament; He says this: “The first thing that grows old and grows old is always said to be new” (Heb. 8:13). Therefore, here too, David prophetically teaches those staying in Babylon to say: “even to old age and old age, my God, do not forsake me.” Then, showing what old age means, he added: “Until now I will proclaim Your arm to all the future generations.” Ps.70:19. Thy righteousness, O God, is unto the highest; You have done great things; God, who is like You? “Thy power and Thy righteousness, O God.” The coming generation is the generation that arose after the incarnation of the only begotten Son of God, after which the Church was formed from pagans, receiving the holy Apostles as preachers from the Jews. David speaks about this generation in the twenty-first psalm: “He will proclaim to the Lord the coming generation, and they will proclaim His righteousness to His people, to be born to those who have what the Lord has done” (Ps. 21:31-32). Therefore, besides the Jewish people, there must be another people, about which the Prophet predicted that they were not born, but would be born again. That is why here he says: “Do not forsake me, until I will proclaim Your arm to all future generations, Your power and Your righteousness.” This is similar to the prediction of Patriarch Jacob: “The prince will not fail from Judah, nor the leader from his feet, the Dondezh will come,” but to him it is postponed: and the hope of the tongues” (Gen. 49:10). “God, even to the highest, you have created greatness for me.” Aquila and Symmachus translated it as follows: “God, even to the height of what greatness You have made,” that is, what You have done, O Lord, is high, great and sufficient for everyone to be convinced to call You the highest. “God, who is like You?” It is impossible to compare anyone with You and apply them to You, because You surpass everyone in nature, power, and all blessings. After this, the Prophet begins to predict the return from captivity. Ps.70:20. You sent me many and fierce troubles, but you also revived me again and again brought me out of the abysses of the earth. “Have you shown me many and evil sorrows? And when you were converted, you gave me life,” that is, you gave me over to all kinds of disasters for the iniquities I had committed and brought me back to life again. “And from the depths of the earth you raised me up.” I imagine myself as if revived again, having been delivered from so many disasters beyond human hope. God also spoke this through Ezekiel: “I will open your graves and bring you out of Babylon” (Ezek. 37:12); that is, I will put an end to human despair, and beyond the hope of enemies, I will grant you return. Ps.70:21. You lifted me up and consoled me, [and brought me out of the abysses of the earth]. “Thou hast multiplied Thy majesty upon me, and by turning thou hast comforted me, and again from the depths of the earth hast thou lifted me up.” Symmachus translated this: “You will increase my greatness and protect me with consolation.” The Prophet predicts similar things, that is, he says: in Your care for me, Your goodness will be revealed. Ps.70:22. And I will praise You in the psalter, Your truth, my God; I will sing praises to You on the harp, O Holy One of Israel! “For I will confess to You among men, O Lord.” I will not stop telling about Your gifts and proclaiming them to the ignorant. It should be noted that here he mentions many peoples who, after the incarnation of our Savior, received salvation through Jewish preachers. “In the vessels of psalms I will sing Thy truth, O God, to Thee with the harp, O Holy One of Israel.” When composing chants, I will also use ordinary tools. Ps.70:23. My mouth rejoices when I sing to You, and so does my soul, which You have delivered. Ps.70:24. And my tongue will proclaim Your righteousness every day, for those who seek my harm are ashamed and disgraced. “My lips will rejoice when I sing to You, and my soul, even though You have delivered.” “My tongue will also learn Your righteousness, when those who seek evil against me will be ashamed and put to shame.” He predicts both the death of the Babylonians from the Persian Cyrus and the rise of the Jews; that is, after the overthrow of the Babylonians, I will receive permission to return, and taking advantage of this, I will rejoice in joy and joy, singing Your blessings, and constantly learning from Your law. You might be interested in: