Изъяснение псалма 30-го.

Ps.30:1. To the head of the choir. Psalm of David. [During the confusion]. “At the end, a psalm to David, outburst.” I did not find this either in the Hebrew original or in other interpreters, but I saw it in some copies. And it seems to me that this is a hint about the act with Urie. For in the psalm itself the Prophet says: “I am Rekh in my rage: I am rejected from before Thy sight” (23), that is, I thought that, having sinned, I had lost Thy providence. This psalm was spoken by blessed David, apparently at the time when Absalom was persecuted. This will be shown more clearly by the interpretation of the sayings themselves. Ps.30:2. I trust in You, Lord, that I may never be ashamed; according to Your righteousness deliver me. “In Thee, O Lord, have I trusted, that I may never be ashamed.” Sin, says the Prophet, has covered me with great shame, but I pray that shame may not remain on me for long, for the sake of my trust in You. “By Your righteousness deliver me and redeem me.” Look not at my sin, says the Prophet, but at the iniquity of those who persecute me; because by pronouncing a fair definition about him, you will deliver me from the surrounding disasters. Ps.30:3. Incline Your ear to me, hasten to deliver me. Be a rock for me, a house of refuge to save me. Ps.30:4. For You are my rock and my fence; for Thy name's sake lead me and rule over me. “Incline Your ear to me, hasten to take me away.” Having heard my prayer, give me an ambulance. “Be my protector God and a house of refuge to save me.” “As you are my power and my refuge.” He said the same thing in Psalm seventeen, depicting all kinds of God’s care. The words “my power” were translated by Aquila and Symmachus as “my stone.” It seems that the prophetic word agrees with the Gospel, which shows us a wise man who built his church on stone, so that, due to the firmness of the foundation, it did not suffer harm from the attack of winds, rains and rivers (Matthew 7:29). “And for Thy name’s sake teach me and nourish me.” Instead of: “nourish me,” Symmachus used: “take care of me.” The Prophet says: You make me worthy of all kinds of providence for the sake of Your name, in which I have trusted. From all these sayings we have explained, we recognize the modesty of his thoughts about himself: for he asked for Divine help, not for the sake of his own virtue, but for the sake of the name of God and the truth of God, and for the sake of the fact that he hoped in God. Ps.30:5. Lead me out of the snare that they have secretly laid for me, for You are my strength. “Bring me out from this snare, which you have hidden from me: for You are my protector, O Lord.” The Prophet thus pointed to the advice of Ahithophel, which he gave against him, as we said before. Ps.30:6. I commend my spirit into Your hand; You have delivered me, O Lord, God of truth. “In Thy hand I will offer my spirit: Thou hast delivered me, O Lord God of truth.” Having repeatedly fallen into many disasters, I got rid of them with Your help. Therefore, I commend my soul to Your providence. For here too the Prophet calls providence by hands. Ps.30:7. I hate worshipers of vain idols, but I trust in the Lord. Ps.30:8. I will rejoice and be glad in Your mercy, because You have looked upon my misfortune and recognized the sorrow of my soul. Ps.30:9. And he did not deliver me into the hands of the enemy; set my feet in a spacious place. “You have hated those who keep vanities in vain.” They, says the Prophet, have not placed their trust in You, but are led by their vain thoughts, and You usually completely turn away from such. “But I trusted in the Lord.” “I will rejoice and be glad in Your mercy”; because even in times of disaster I call on Your help, and already using it, I attribute the cause of blessings to Your love for mankind. “As you have looked upon my humility, you have saved my soul from need.” “And you have shut me up in the hands of the enemy, you have placed me in the vastness of my nose.” Always guided by these considerations, I was not deceived, because, having repeatedly fallen into ambushes set up by enemies, having already been in the most open nets for me, I avoided those who caught them. The Prophet expressed this with the words: “I have shut you up in the hands of the enemy.” And history informs us that, more than once surrounded by Saul, even locked in a cave, he escaped his hands; at another time, he escaped from the Gethei by pretending to be insane. Ps.30:10. Have mercy on me, Lord, for I am in distress; My eye, my soul and my womb are withered from grief. “Have mercy on me, O Lord, for I am in sorrow: my eye, my soul, and my belly are troubled with wrath.” Symmachus expressed it this way: “because of anger, my eye was darkened”: because, having angered You with sin, I am forced to weep unceasingly. And my soul is filled with excitement and confusion. The Prophet here called the womb the secret place of thoughts; because the thoughts were in confusion, and not the womb. Ps.30:11. My life was spent in sorrow and my years in lamentation; My strength has failed because of my sins, and my bones have dried up. “As if my stomach had disappeared in illness, and my years were filled with sighs.” My whole life, says the Prophet, was wasted in illness and tears. “My strength is weakened by poverty, and my bones are crushed.” Poverty and lack of necessities exhausted my body. History mentions this poverty and says: “Hesbhi the son of Nahash, the Ammonite, and Barzillai the Gileadite brought wheat and barley, and flour and beans, and soybeans and other things they brought to David and the people”; for they said that people were hungry and exhausted living in the desert (2 Samuel 17:27-29). Ps.30:12. From all my enemies I have become a reproach even among my neighbors and a terror to my acquaintances; Those who see me on the street run away from me. “Everyone has caused reproach to my enemies, and great reproach to my neighbors, and fear to those I know.” My enemies, says the Prophet, are complacent, but I am ridiculous, my neighbors mock me, my acquaintances are afraid of me. And to express this more clearly, he added: “They who see me flee from Me,” because they are afraid to be with me, lest they fall into the hands of my enemies. Ps.30:13. I am forgotten in hearts, as if dead; I am like a broken vessel. “Bykh is forgotten as if dead from the heart: bykh is like a destroyed vessel.” Everyone has renounced me, says the Prophet, as from a lost vessel, as from a dead man who has moved into a tomb. Ps.30:14. For I hear the slander of many; There is horror everywhere as they conspire against me and plot to tear out my soul. Ps.30:15. And I trust in You, Lord; I say: You are my God. Ps.30:16. My days are in Your hand; deliver me from the hand of my enemies and from my persecutors. “I heard the fortune telling of many living around.” I say this not by guesswork, but by hearing reproaches with my own ears. By this he also means the slander of Shimei. “Sometimes they will gather together against me and receive my soul together.” “I have trusted in You, O Lord. reh, You are my God." “My lots are in Your hand.” They, having gathered together, are plotting my death; and I know You as God and Ruler. For this is expressed by the Prophet with the words: “into Your hand are my lots”; or, as others translate, “my times are in Your hands”; that is, as You please, You allocate both sorrow and joy to everyone, and again change this according to Your discretion. For the Prophet calls changes in circumstances, wealth and poverty, slavery and dominion, peace and war, and other similar things, times or lots. “Deliver me from the hand of my enemies and from those who persecute me.” Then the Prophet shows the way of deliverance. Ps.30:17. Show Thy bright face to Thy servant; save me by Your mercy. “Make Thy face shine upon Thy servant: save me by Thy mercy.” As soon as You come to me, all sorrow will immediately cease. Ps.30:18. God! Let me not be ashamed that I cry to You; Let the wicked be put to shame and be silent in hell. “Lord, let me not be ashamed, because I called Thee: let them be ashamed of wickedness and go down to hell.” And from this we know that there is a great difference between sin and wickedness. Why does the great David beg to be delivered from the shame brought on by sin, and to put those who live wickedly to a shameful death. Ps.30:19. Let the lying lips become numb, which speak evil against the righteous with pride and contempt. “Let flattering lips be dumb, speaking against the righteous of iniquity, pride and humiliation.” The prophet here predicts the death of Ahithophel, who, being a friend and adviser to David, discovered a long-standing pretense, moving his tongue against someone who had not offended him. The council rightly called him “pride and humiliation,” because he incited his son against his father to commit murder. Ps.30:20. How many good things You have, which You have stored up for those who fear You and which You have prepared for those who trust in You before the sons of men! “Since the great abundance of Your goodness, O Lord, You have hidden from those who fear You.” And here the Prophet again used the saying: “kol” not for comparison, but to strengthen the speech. Why Aquila and Symmachus translated it like this: “Great is Your goodness, which You have hidden, preparing for those who fear You.” This saying has the following meaning: rewards and rewards for those who fear You, although they are numerous, and great and wonderful, You hide, O Lord, but You allow them to struggle with labor. and disasters. However, sometimes you make the rewards for victory obvious, thereby encouraging the ascetics. For this was added by the Prophet: “Thou hast made them to trust in Thee before the Sons of men.” Then he describes in detail what kind of industry there is about them. Ps.30:21. You hide them under the cover of Your face from human rebellions, you hide them in the shadow from the bickering of tongues. “Hide them in the secret of Your face from the rebellion of man, cover them with shelter from the quarrel of tongues.” It is enough, says the Prophet, Your coming (for he calls it a face) to deliver them from all human confusion and anxiety, and when surrounded by enemies, to cover them, as it were, with some kind of wall and make them invisible. He himself, persecuted by Saul, took advantage of this industry: for in the midst of all troubles he received salvation. So the great Elisha escaped the Syrians who surrounded him, darkening their eyes with darkness. And many other similar examples can be found in the divine Scripture. Ps.30:22. Blessed be the Lord for showing me His wondrous mercy in the fortified city! “Blessed is the Lord, for He has astonished His mercy in the city of enclosure.” Symmachus translated it as follows: “Blessed is the Lord, who has shown His wondrous mercy towards me, as if in a fortified city.” For with His love for mankind, says the Prophet, He surrounded and fenced me, just as the inhabitants fence a city with a strong wall. Ps.30:23. In my confusion I thought: “I am rejected from Thy eyes”; but You heard the voice of my prayer when I cried to You. “But Az Rekh in my ecstasy: I am rejected from the presence of Your eyes: for this reason You heard the voice of my prayer, when I cried out to You.” Having fallen into sin, says the Prophet, I thought that I had already become far from Your care. But, seeing my humble words, You did not despise the one who prayed. Sin was rightly called “transgression”, because while following the path of righteousness, he departed from it and was seduced, stumbled and fell into the hands of bloodthirsty robbers. And this very thing shows David’s virtue, because he did not have the habit of sin, but, having retreated somewhat from his own will, he was subjected to this creep. After this, the Prophet turns his speech into an exhortation, by what happened to him, proving Divine love for mankind and providence. Ps.30:24. Love the Lord, all ye His righteous; The Lord protects the faithful and rewards those who act arrogantly in abundance. “Love the Lord, all you who reverence Him: for the Lord seeks the truth and rewards those who are excessively arrogant.” All of you who intend to follow the divine path, says the Prophet, should passionately love the Ruler of all, who, as a certain rule, uses the truth and punishes the immensely arrogant. For he did not just say: “to those who create pride,” but “to those who create excessively.” And this is enough to prove Divine goodness: God tolerates those who have a few or more proper opinions about themselves; but he punishes those who are arrogant and arrogant without measure to commensurate punishments. Ps.30:25. Take courage, and let your hearts be strengthened, all you who hope in the Lord! “Take courage, and let your heart be strong, all you who trust in the Lord.” Therefore, knowing this, you who are sailing through this present life with divine hope, strengthen your souls with courage, submit to the beckons of the Helmsman, leading you where He is directing. This admonition is also useful to us, who have gained consolation for ourselves in hope. You might be interested in: