Изъяснение псалма 139-го.

"At the end, a psalm to David." Blessed David, persecuted by Saul, calls on everyone to help God. Ps.139:1. To the head of the choir. Psalm of David. “Remove me, O Lord, from the wicked man, deliver me from the unrighteous man.” Saul is unrighteous, ungrateful to benefactors; because he tried to kill blessed David, who not only did not offend him in any way, but also did him a lot of good. Ps.139:2. Deliver me, Lord, from the evil man; save me from the oppressor. “Whoever thinks untruth in his heart; The army has been fighting all day." Not only was he driven by evil thoughts, but he also added deeds to his thoughts. Instead of: “all day” Symmachus translated: every day. Ps.139:3. They think evil in their hearts, every day they take up arms in battle. “You have sharpened your tongue like a serpent: the poison of asps is under their lips”; because Saul repeatedly used cunning, intended to kill David, and repeatedly, swearing and speaking friendly to him, broke his oaths. Therefore, the Prophet rightly likened feigned disposition and hidden deceit to the poison of reptiles. Ps.139:4. They sharpen their tongue like a snake; the poison of the asp is under their lips. “Lord save me from the hand of sinners, deliver me from the unrighteous man.” Prayer is fitting for the Righteous; because he asks not for the destruction of his enemies, but for his own salvation. “Those who have thought the heels of my feet.” Blessed David, expelled by Saul, fled to the foreigners, who were wicked and doers of all kinds of lawlessness. And therefore David is worthy of surprise that everywhere he was the custodian of piety, did not agree to servile to needs; although this persecutor of mine, says David, almost crushed the steps of my piety. Ps.139:5. Keep me, O Lord, from the hands of the wicked, preserve me from the oppressors who are planning to make my steps tremble. Ps.139:6. The proud hid snares and snares for me, they spread a net along the road, they laid out snares for me. “The net of pride is hidden for me, and the net is already yoked to my feet”: “You have laid temptations along the path.” The Prophet calls Saul himself “proud”, and “nets, snakes” and “temptations” - various malicious intents, traps and ambushes. He said this allegorically, borrowing a figurative image of speech from fishers who use snares, snares and nets. Ps.139:7. I said to the Lord: You are my God; Hear, O Lord, the voice of my prayers! “Reh of the Lord: Thou art my God.” And I, having neglected everything human, gave myself to You. I know You, Lord and God, and I expect help from You. “Lord, give me the voice of my prayer.” Ps.139:8. Lord, Lord, the power of my salvation! You covered my head on the day of battle. "Lord, Lord, the power of my salvation." This aggravation shows that the one who prays is a believer and a lover. In You, he says, I have hope of salvation, because You alone can grant salvation. “Thou hast overshadowed my head on the day of battle.” And I learned this through experience. For, when you took on the single combat with Goliath, and when you entered into battle with foreigners, You, like a shield, protected me with Your help. Ps.139:9. Do not, Lord, give what the wicked wants; do not give success to his evil plan: they will become proud. “Do not deliver me, O Lord, from my desire to a sinner.” Symmachus translated this as follows: Lord forbid the wishes of a lawbreaker; and Theodotion and Aquila translated it similarly, that is, do not let the one who wishes to kill me see the fulfillment of his wish. According to the translation, the Seventy should be understood as follows: let him not receive through me what he desires; because I want to be saved, and he wants to kill me; therefore do not betray my desire to him. “When you have thought on me, do not forsake me, lest they be exalted.” All thoughts are directed towards killing me. Therefore, do not deprive me of Your providence, so as not to give them a reason to boast. Ps.139:10. May the evil of their own lips cover the heads of those around me. “The head of their entourage: I will cover the labor of their lips.” Here the Prophet predicts future disasters for them. Symmachus translated this more clearly: let the bitterness of those around me, the wearyness of their lips, close them. Let them fall into what they themselves intend; Let them endure what they do to me, and let the hardened anger completely cover those who are led by it. This is similar to what was said in the seventh psalm: “the pit of destruction, and the fossil, and the grave, and it will fall into the pit that it has made” (Psalm 7:16). Ps.139:11. Let burning coals fall on them; let them be thrown into the fire, into the abyss, so that they will not rise up. “Coals will fall on them, and with fire I will cast them down.” As if by some kind of fire, you will destroy them with anger. “In passions: and they will not stand.” They will fall into disasters and will not overcome them. And this happened to Saul during the war with the Philistines; because, having been killed there, he accepted the end of his life. Ps.139:12. A man of evil tongue will not be established on earth; evil will drag the oppressor to destruction. “A pagan man will not be corrected on earth.” This Prophet makes clear those who constantly slandered him to Saul, Doik, Zitheev and others, who used a lot of slander. And it shows that for the sake of wealth and power, those who indulge in false speech do not achieve their goal and do not get what they want. “The unrighteous and wicked man will be caught in destruction.” This is what Saul suffered; because he was surrounded in battle and received a fatal blow. Ps.139:13. I know that the Lord will bring justice to the oppressed and justice to the poor. “I knew that the Lord would bring judgment to the poor and vengeance to the needy.” I have learned, says the Prophet, the justice of God’s sentence, and I know that he will not allow those deprived of all human help to suffer harm from their enemies, but will inflict the punishment deserved by those who act unjustly. Ps.139:14. So! The righteous will praise Your name; the blameless will dwell before You. “The righteous will both confess to Your name, and the righteous will dwell with Your face.” Therefore, the face of the righteous, worthy of this care from You, praises You. Always imagining You before them and thinking that they see Your face, they love Your superiority. Similar to this is what was said in the fifteenth psalm: “I have seen the Lord before me, as he is at my right hand, and I do not move” (Psalm 15:8). You might be interested in: