Изъяснение псалма 109-го.

"Psalm to David." In the presented psalm, having foreshadowed the saving suffering, the Prophet predicts the ascension of the Savior after suffering. The most divine Peter in Acts also mentions the beginning of this psalm, and says this: “For David did not ascend into heaven, but he himself said, saying, The Lord of my Lord, sit at my right hand: Until I make your enemies your footstool” (Acts 2:34-35). And the Lord himself, seeing that the Pharisees had different opinions about Christ, asked them the following question: “What do you think about Christ? Whose son is it?” And when they said: “David”; answered: “How then does David call Him the spirit of the Lord? saying, “The Lord said to My Lord, sit at My right hand.” Then he draws the conclusion: “If David calls His Lord, what son is he to be” (Matthew 22:42-44)? He said this, not denying that Christ is the son of David, but adding the unknown to what was recognized. For the Pharisees recognized that Christ is the son of David, but did not know at all that He was the son of David. Lord of David. Therefore, he adds the latter, but does not deny what is acknowledged, teaching that He is both the Son of David in the flesh and the Lord of David, as God and Creator. Therefore, blessed David clearly preaches the Divinity of the Lord Christ, and says: Ps.109:1. The Lord said to my Lord, Sit at My right hand, until I make Your enemies Your footstool. “The Lord said to my Lord: sit at My right hand.” If David is a king, and a pious king, worthy of prophetic grace, calls the Lord Christ his Lord; then it follows that Christ is not only a man, as the Jews madly say, but also God, as the Creator and Lord of David. And the commonality of names means identity of essence. For the Lord is to the Lord, and not the Lord of creation, not the Lord of creation, says: "Sit at the right hand of Me." Therefore, although this is important, and not only above human nature, but above every creature; however, this too is spoken according to humanity; because the Son, as God, has an eternal throne; it is said: “Your throne, God, is forever and ever” (Psalm 44:7). By the cross and by suffering, not as God was awarded this honor, but as a man he accepted what he had as God. The humble one is not exalted, but the Most High, “who is in the form of God,” humbled Himself, “taking on the form of a servant” (Phil. 2:6-7). Therefore, the Evangelist cries out: “The only begotten Son, who is in the bosom of the Father, is the one who confesses” (John 1:18). And the Lord himself says: “I am in the Father, and the Father in Me” (John. 14, 11); and in another place: “Glorify Me, Father, with glory, since before you had peace there was no peace” (John 17:5). Therefore, as a man, he hears: “Sit at my right hand,” but as God, he has eternal power. “I will make Your enemies Your footstool.” The enemies primarily are the devil and his servants, demons, and besides them those who oppose His divine preaching, Jews and pagans. The saying: “dondezhe” does not mean time, but is a special way of expression characteristic of divine scripture. For this is what God says through the Prophet: I am, “I am, and until I grow old, I am” (Is. 46:4). It is clear that God’s existence does not end with human old age. For if the Prophet says about heaven and earth: “They will perish, but You remain” (Psalm 101:27): and again: “You are the same, and Your years will not fail” (Psalm 101:28); Moreover, even after a person grows old and ends his life, the Lord of all abides. This is similar to the apostolic saying: “For it is fitting for Him to reign; He will put all enemies under His feet” (1 Cor. 15:25). For here the saying: “until now” does not mean time. And what would be the basis for reigning Him while others still resist, and losing the kingdom as soon as everyone submits? And Daniel the Prophet said that after killing the beasts He will reign forever, and there will be no end to His kingdom (Dan. 7:27). How will the Saints reign together, or with whom will they reign, if the one who promised the kingdom lays aside his royal power? Therefore, the saying: “dondezhe” does not mean time, but is used in a special way of expression, which is characteristic of divine Scripture. Ps.109:2. The Lord will send the rod of Your strength from Zion: rule among Your enemies. "The Lord will send a rod of power from Zion." Although from Bethlehem the rod of Jesse; for it is said: “a rod will come out of the root of Jesse, and a flower will arise from its root: and the Spirit of God will rest on Him” (Is. 11:1-2); but the words that follow depict the power of the Rod - the saving cross; because with the cross he conquered the entire horde of those who opposed him; and the cross was erected in Zion. “And rule in the midst of Your enemies.” For the preachers of the gospel were not led by favorable winds, but, having suffered attacks from Greeks and barbarians, being surrounded by streams of wickedness, the hostiles prevailed, and like some captives they were brought to the King and forced to love His service. Ps.109:3. In the day of Your power Your people are ready in the splendor of holiness; From the womb before the morning star, your birth was like dew. 36. . “The beginning was with You in the day of Your power, in the brightness of Your saints.” You have an undying power; Most of all, you will show this on the day of judgment, on which you will make the Saints bright and glorious. For the Prophet called the second coming of the Savior “the day of power,” when He comes with the Angels in the glory of the Father; then the Saints will “be enlightened like the sun,” according to the word of the Lord himself (Matthew 13:43). “From the womb before the morning star I gave birth to Thee.” Here the splendor of His Divinity is revealed, and the Lord, who said to Him: “Sit at My right hand,” confesses the consubstantiality and proclaims the identity of nature. What is said: “before the morning star” makes it clear that His existence was before time and before centuries, and the word: “from the womb” shows the identity of essence. Not from anything else, says God, but from My nature were You born. And the word: “womb” is obviously meant to be applied. Just as people give birth from the womb, and what is born has one nature with those who gave birth; so You were born of Me, and You show in Yourself the essence of the Mother. Ps.109:4. The Lord has sworn and will not repent: You are a priest forever, according to the order of Melchizedek. “The Lord swears, and will not repent: Thou art a priest forever, according to the order of Melchizedek.” The divine Apostle fully interpreted this in his Epistle to the Hebrews, and proved the infinity of this high priesthood by the fact that the Levitical priesthood did not accept the promises with an oath, but this was confirmed by an oath. And therefore it is added: “and will not repent”; because the God of all things built many things more than once, and allowed them to undergo changes. Thus he established and abolished the Jewish priesthood; so he set up the kingdom of Judah and destroyed it; This is how he allowed the kingdoms of Assyria, Babylon and Macedonia to be, and commanded them to lament. Having deigned that this priesthood would be eternal, as it is said, he swore that he “would not repent.” And this is said humanly; because the Divine does not know suffering, but repentance is suffering. Melchizedek is a priest not of the Jews, but of the pagans; So the Lord Christ, not only for the Jews, but for all people, offered Himself as a sacrifice to God. The priesthood begins on the night on which he suffered; when “I took the bread, and blessed it, and broke it, and said: Take, eat” from it: “This is My body”; and also having dissolved the cup, “gave” to His disciples, “saying, drink of it, all of you: for this is My blood of the new covenant, which is shed for many for the remission of sins” (Matthew 26:26-28). We find that Melchizedek is both a priest and a king (because he was the image of a true priest and king), and brings to God not wordless sacrifices, but bread and wine. For this he also brought to Abraham, spiritually seeing in the loins of the Patriarch the prototype of his own high priesthood. Therefore, if Christ is from David according to the flesh, and David is from Judah, and Christ received the high priesthood according to the order of Melchizedek; then the Levitical priesthood ceased, the blessing of the highest priesthood passed to the tribe of Judah. Ps.109:5. The Lord is at Your right hand. He will defeat kings on the day of His wrath. “The Lord has destroyed the kings at Your right hand in the day of His wrath.” The now opposing and daring princes and kings will be tortured on the day of judgment. What was said: “The Lord is at Your right hand,” is similar to what was said in the fifteenth psalm: “I have seen the Lord before Me, as He is at My right hand, so that I will not move” (Psalm 15:8). And there he spoke this according to humanity, and expressed the inseparability of the united nature; and here he expresses both the Divine and the human together. What was said: “sit at my right hand” refers to human nature; and the words: “from the womb before the star gave birth to Thee,” means the Divinity. And this: “Thou art a priest forever,” is again said to man; also the words: “The Lord is at Thy right hand” mean: you have the united Divinity inseparable. Ps.109:6. He will bring judgment on the nations, fill the earth with corpses, crush his head in a vast land. “He will judge among the nations, he will bring about destruction, he will crush the heads of many lands.” The court here expressed even more clearly that on that day He would deliver up those who lived wickedly to executions of all kinds, although in this life He had repeatedly subjected them to many admonitions, teaching the ignorant to know His power. Ps.109:7. He will drink from the stream along the way, and therefore will lift up his head. “He drinks from the stream along the way: for this sake he will lift up his head,” that is, having become human, he will live in great poverty, so that he will quench his thirst with the waters found along the way. The Apostle Paul said something similar to this: “He humbled himself even to the point of death, death on the cross. Therefore God also exalted him” (Phil. 2:8-9). It is clear that this is said according to humanity; because, just as God was not exalted by the humble, but being the Most High, he humbled Himself; but as a person, he accepted what he did not have. According to the translation of the 70: from the womb before the morning star I gave birth to you You might be interested in: