II. Церкви и монастыри

By the end of the reporting period, there were 36,361 parish churches with Edinoverie. With almost seventy-nine million Orthodox Christians, there were an average of more than 2,100 souls per parish. There were 711 cathedrals and cathedral city churches, of which 69 were cathedrals; parish churches 36.105; those assigned to them, cemeteries, brownies and others over 10,000; chapels and houses of worship 18,335. In 1896, 489 churches were built (183 stone, 306 wooden, 254 chapels and houses of worship (54 stone, 200 wooden). In 1897, 533 churches were built (195 stone, 338 wooden), 243 chapels and houses of worship (39 stone, 204 wooden). On the consecration of the new Kiev-Vladimir Cathedral The consecration of the cathedral, newly erected in Kyiv in honor of the enlightener of the Russian land, Holy Equal-to-the-Apostles Prince Vladimir, followed on August 20, 1896. The need for the construction of this cathedral was recognized back in 1852, shortly after the opening of the monument to Saint Prince Vladimir in Kyiv. The then Metropolitan of Kiev, Philaret, believed that the best monument for the enlightener of the Russian people and the first Christian prince of Russia would be a majestic church in his name. This idea was approved by Emperor Nicholas I and in the same year the highest permission followed to open a subscription throughout the empire for the construction of a church in Kyiv. On July 15, 1862, on the day of memory of St. Vladimir, the foundation stone of the church took place, the builder of which was appointed academician of architecture Beretti. The work under his supervision proceeded quickly and in 1866 the church building was completed with domes, but due to deep cracks in the walls of the building, further work was suspended. In 1876, by order of Emperor Alexander II, work began again, a plan was drawn up to strengthen the damaged walls, and 250,000 rubles were allocated from the Ministry of Internal Affairs. and by 1882 the church building was successfully completed. In recent years, the interior decoration of the church was made according to the drawings of Professor Prakhov, and the paintings were performed by artists: Vasnetsov, Svedomsky, Kotarbinsky and Nesterov. The entire interior decoration of the church, as well as the icon painting, follows the ancient Byzantine style. The consecration, on August 20, 1896, in concelebration with Metropolitan Ioannikius, was attended by the bishops who arrived in Kyiv: Volyn, Podolsk, Stavropol and Ostrogozh. The presence of Your Imperial Majesties, as well as Grand Dukes Vladimir Alexandrovich and his wife and Grand Duke Mikhail Nikolaevich at the consecration of the cathedral gave special significance to the celebration. On the allocation of money from the treasury for church buildings In 1897, the highest permissions were granted to release funds from the State Treasury for the final completion of cathedral churches: in the city of Revel, 75,000 rubles. and in Omsk - 10,000 rubles. On the release of money from the treasury for the installation of steam heating in the Smolensk Cathedral Due to the lack of heating in the Smolensk Assumption Cathedral, services were held there only during 4 1/2–5 summer months, while in winter and spring services were held in the warm cathedral. Meanwhile, this last church, due to its limited size, could not accommodate even a third of those who came to worship on holidays. Due to the scarcity of local funds, installing steam heating in the said cathedral was considered difficult. In view of this, according to the petition of the Most Reverend Smolensky, the highest permission was given on October 24, 1897 to allocate 10,000 rubles from the treasury for the said item. On maintaining cemeteries in a well-maintained manner In 1897, the Holy Synod, by circular decrees, ordered the clergy: a) to carefully monitor that the cemeteries under its direct jurisdiction are maintained in a well-maintained, neat and decent form, fully consistent with the Christian duty of respect on the part of those who are alive to the memory of those who have died in faith, applying all possible measures to this end; b) in these forms, take care of the immediate putting in order and improvement of cemeteries that are for some reason and in any respect in an unsatisfactory condition, i.e. on the correction of collapsed graves, the repair of old ones and the construction, where necessary, of new fences, fences and wattle fences, the strengthening of embankments, as well as the planting, in accordance with local conditions, of as many trees as possible, which, while serving for the external splendor of cemeteries, are at the same time, as recognized by medical science, the best means for neutralizing the air in cemeteries and c) to invite private individuals and city and municipal authorities to cover the costs of such work. rural societies, whose relatives and fellow members rest in cemeteries, encouraging them to do so with pastoral exhortation and reminding them of the moral obligation they have to take care of the graves of the dead close to them, and where possible, to also devote part of church or cemetery income to this. During 1896–7, the following monasteries were re-established: two men's monasteries: 1) Alekseevsky full-time, 2nd class, at the Alekseevsky Church in the city of Riga and 2) missionary St. Nicholas near the Bymovsky and Yugoknaufsky factories, Osinsky district, Perm diocese, in the area called "White Mountain" and 1 female Spaso-Preobrazhensky at an ancient church near the village of Senty, Kuban region. Restoration of the Smolensk-Zosimovskaya desert In 1896, near the Arsaki station of the Moscow-Yaroslavl railway, within the Vladimir diocese, at the church over the grave of Schemamonk Zosima, who labored at the end of the 17th and beginning of the 18th centuries, a men's hermitage was restored with the name “Smolensk Zosimovskaya” and with its subordination to the Holy Trinity Lavra of St. Sergius, on the same terms, on of which other monasteries under the jurisdiction of the Lavra consist. Construction of women's communities into monasteries In 1896 and 1897 The following women's communities were erected into cenobitic monasteries: 1) Lukoyanovskaya Tikhonovskaya in the Nizhny Novgorod diocese, 2) Kineshma, Kostroma diocese, Voznesenskaya, 3) Nikolaevskaya, Starorusskaya district, Novgorod diocese, 4) Uspenskaya Valdai district, the same diocese, 5) Teklatskaya, Senaki district, Guria-Mingrelian diocese. Newly established women's communities The following women's communities were re-established: 1) Voskresensk-Mironositskaya at the village of Baranovka, Chernoyarsk district, Astrakhan diocese, 2) Holy Trinity, at the Novo-Kharinsky farm (Pisarevka too), Ostrogozhskaya district, Voronezh diocese, 3) Vladimirskaya, on the estate of a Murom merchant's daughter Alexandra Tyagunova at the Dmitrievsky village, Kovrovsky y., 4) Padayaskaya, near Vinnitsa parish church, Lodeyno-Polsky district, Olonets sparchy, 5) Kazanskaya, on the estate of the priest of the Pskov diocese Pavel Simansky - the village of Ekaterinenskoye, Ostrovsky y., 6) Uspenskaya, in Aleshkovskaya Slobodka, Dnieper y., Tauride diocese, 7) Vvedenskaya Cheremisskaya, near the village of Pernyagash, Kozmodemyanovsky y., Kazan diocese. 8) Holy Trinity, near the village of Ivankov, Korchevsky district, Tver diocese, 9) near the village of Kimlyai, Krasnoslobodsky district, Penza diocese, and 10) Pokrovskaya, near the city of Verkhneuralsk, Orenburg diocese. Appeal to the women's community of a shelter existing in the Kharkov diocese In addition to the above-mentioned newly established women's communities, the Holy Synod in 1897 also converted into a community the women's Edinoverie shelter in the village of Fomovka, Kupyansky district, Kharkov diocese, with the name of this community Fomovskaya Uspenskaya. Number of monasteries and monastics During the reporting period, there were 763 monasteries. Of these, 495 were male monasteries, including 66 of their episcopal houses, 4 laurels and 7 stauropegial monasteries were 185. There were 268 female monasteries. There were 8,076 male monastics and 8,942 female monastics, 6,978 novices, 27,166 novices, and a total of 51162. On the cost of maintaining the Alekseevsky Monastery in Riga The Right Reverend of Riga petitioned for the establishment at the Riga Alekseevskaya Church, after the closure of the parish that existed with it, of a full-time male second-class monastery, with the transfer to its jurisdiction of all church property and capital and with the use of the amount allocated from the treasury for the maintenance of the clergy of the said church for the maintenance of the monastic brethren. This petition was caused, on the one hand, by the complete suitability of this church for the needs of the monastery and the bishop's house, and on the other, by the inconvenience of its purpose as a parish church. Alekseevskaya Church is located in the very courtyard of the bishop's house, not only tightly adjacent to the latter, so that a passage was made from it to the church choir, but even crossing the outbuildings of the bishop's house. As a former monastery church, which once housed a Catholic women's monastery, it is surrounded by a stone fence, which also surrounds a small garden belonging to the bishop's house, and a courtyard in which there is a house occupied by the poor of the clergy. Thus, being, as it were, the church of the bishop's house, it is nevertheless under the control of the clergy, the elder and the parish guardianship, and not the brethren of the bishop's house, and divine services are not performed in it every day and not at the same time. At the same time, taking into account that the Alekseevskaya Church was made a parish only due to the lack of Orthodox churches in the mountains. Riga in the past, and that with the significantly increased number of parish and house churches, there is no urgent need for the existence of an independent parish there, much less. that in the area (old town) where the said church is located, there are relatively few permanent Orthodox residents, while the majority of parishioners live in the areas of other parishes to which they can be assigned, the Eminence considered it possible, without prejudice to the satisfaction of the religious and moral needs of the inhabitants of the mountains. Riga, to close an independent parish at the Alekseevskaya Church. In view of the fact that in the Riga diocese there is not a single monastery, and in order to maintain daily divine services in the Alekseevskaya Church, performed with all possible care and completeness, as befits a church located at the bishop's house, the bishop petitioned for the establishment of a monastery at this church, consisting of a rector (who is also the steward of the bishop's house), three hieromonks, two hierodeacons, five novices and five servants, with the use of all the funds and property that the Alekseevskaya Church had for the maintenance of the monastery, including the amount allocated from the treasury for the maintenance of the clergy, so that the management of this monastery would be independent of the management of the Riga Bishop's House, with separate reporting in everything. Upon consideration of the stated petition of the Right Reverend of Riga, the Holy Synod decided: 1) existing in the city. In Riga, close the Alekseevsky parish, give the parishioners of this parish to the Right Reverend of Riga to distribute between the Annunciation Church and the Cathedral and 2) at the church of the abolished parish, establish the Alekseevsky full-time second-class men's monastery, to which all the land, capital (with the right to spend them according to the will of the donors) and the construction of the Alekseevsky Church will be transferred. Upon consideration of the submission made about this, in accordance with the definition of the Holy Synod, the State Council decided in its opinion: to allocate two thousand eight hundred and forty rubles from the state treasury from January 1, 1897 for the maintenance of the second-class male Alekseevsky Monastery established in Riga. per year, with this expense being converted into an equal amount, allocated on the basis of the highest approved opinion of the State Council on May 6, 1868 on the maintenance of the clergy of the parish Alekseevskaya Church in the same city; 2) the permitted expense shall be entered, from the specified period, into Art. 2 § 5 of the financial estimate of the Holy Synod in the number of amounts requested for the maintenance of monasteries, having ceased from the same time the allocation of such under Art. 1 – § 6 of the said estimate. The said opinion of the State Council, November 18, 1896, was approved by the highest. About release from the treasury for 2,000 rubles. per year for the maintenance of the Bodbe Monastery In the town of Bodby, near the district town of Sighnagha, Tiflis province, at the cathedral church - the tomb of St. Nina, a cenobitic convent was established by the Holy Synod in 1889. Appointed as the abbess of the Bodbe monastery, the nun of the Moscow Passionate Monastery, Juvenalia, who arrived there with 10 Russian nuns, set about building the monastery with special zeal and skill. Soon the Bodbe monastery was improved externally and internally, with harmonious divine services and especially with an exemplary parochial school (in 1897). it had 65 students) attracted the favor of the surrounding population, and the beneficial religious and moral influence on this population attracted the special attention of the local secular authorities, and the commanders-in-chief in the Caucasus, Prince Dundukov-Korsakov and Adjutant General Sheremetev, certified that, instilling Orthodox Christian teaching in the spirit of the Russian people, Bodbe Women's The monastery is precisely that beacon of Orthodoxy, whose services to the cause of the Russian people on the outskirts of the state are recognized by the entire past historical life of our fatherland. Meanwhile, the good undertakings of the abbess of the monastery and her employees met with insurmountable obstacles in the absence of sufficient funds. As a result of this, the commanders-in-chief of the civil part in the Caucasus, in agreement with the Right Reverend Exarch of Georgia, initiated a petition to assign an annual subsidy in the amount of 2,000 rubles to the Bodbe Monastery from the treasury. The State Council, to which a proposal was submitted on this subject, after considering this case, decided in its opinion: 1) to release two thousand rubles a year from the state treasury as an allowance for the maintenance of the Bodbe Women's St. Nina monastery, Sighnakh district, with the introduction of this expense, from January 1, 1897, into the subject division of the cost estimate of the department of the Orthodox confession, and 2) the following amount to cover the indicated (clause 1) costs in 1896 in the permitted amount of 2,000 rubles. attributed to the loan allocated according to the state plan of 1896 for emergency needs not included in the estimates during the year. The said opinion of the State Council, April 22, 1896, was highly approved. In order to establish uniformity regarding the division of income of bishops' houses, farmsteads and monasteries, in which diocesan bishops are rectors, the Holy Synod established the following rules: 1) from all monastic incomes, the so-called fraternal ones, i.e. those entering the division between the brethren, allocate one third to the Right Reverend, as the manager of the monastery as abbot; 2) convert the amounts donated for eternal remembrance into interest-bearing securities and assign only interest to the section; 3) from the amounts received from quitrent items, as well as from the farmsteads of bishops' houses, allocate to the diocesan eminence one third of the net profit, and not the gross income; 4) in no case should direct church income be allocated to the division and 5) on what part to allocate to the personal property of the bishops from the income of the cenobitic monasteries, managed by them as abbots, each time ask for special orders from the highest spiritual authority.