Глава 10

1–12. Removal of Christ from Galilee towards Jerusalem. The question of the indissolubility of marriage. – 13–16. Blessing of children. – 17–27. Conversation with a rich young man and with his disciples about wealth and the Kingdom of Heaven. – 28–31. About the reward for following Christ. – 32–34. The ascension of Christ to Jerusalem to death, which should be followed by the Resurrection. – 35–40. Request of the sons of Zebedee. – 41–45. Instruction to students about humility. – 46–52. Healing of a blind man leaving Jericho. Mark 10:1. Departing from there, he comes to the borders of Judea on the Jordan side. Again the people gathered to Him, and, according to His custom, He again taught them. Evangelist Mark notes that Christ, after a rather long interval (cf. Mark 9:30), again began to teach entire masses of people who followed Him (ὄχλοι). Mark 10:2. The Pharisees came and asked, tempting Him: Is it permissible for a husband to divorce his wife? Mark 10:3. He answered and said to them, “What did Moses command you?” Mark 10:4. They said: Moses allowed the writing of a letter of divorce and divorce. Mark 10:5. Jesus answered and said to them, Because of the hardness of your hearts he wrote you this commandment. Mark 10:6. At the beginning of creation, God created them male and female. Mark 10:7. Therefore a man will leave his father and mother Mark 10:8. and he shall cleave to his wife, and the two shall become one flesh; so that they are no longer two, but one flesh. Mark 10:9. So, what God has joined together, let no man separate. Mark 10:10. At home, His disciples again asked Him the same thing. Mark 10:11. He said to them: whoever divorces his wife and marries another commits adultery against her; Mark 10:12. and if a wife divorces her husband and marries another, she commits adultery. The conversation about the indissolubility of marriage in the Evangelist Mark in general is a repetition of what is contained in the Gospel of Matthew (Matthew 19:3-12). Only some of the sayings of Christ in the Evangelist Mark are placed in different places than in Matthew. “Is it permissible for a husband to divorce his wife?” (verse 2) Evangelist Mark conveys the question of the Pharisees without the addition found in the Gospel of Matthew: “for every reason” (Matthew 19:3). One might think that he does this in order to raise the question not on Jewish, but on Christian soil. He had in mind his pagan Christian readers, who were undoubtedly interested in the question of the permissibility of divorce in Christianity. “He said to them...” (verse 3). Evangelist Matthew conveys the matter in such a way that Christ first drew the attention of the Pharisees to the paradise law of marriage, and then to the law of Moses, while Mark conveys Christ’s instructions in the reverse order. Obviously, both evangelists wanted to convey only the essence of Christ’s conversation with the Pharisees, without adhering to a strictly chronological order. “In the house, His disciples asked Him the same thing again” (verse 10). In the house they now turned to the Lord with the same question as the Pharisees (this is the meaning of the word “again..." the disciples had not asked Christ about divorce before...), the disciples of Christ. “If a woman divorces”... Since the Apostle Mark wrote his Gospel for pagan Christians, and among the Roman pagans there were cases where women also divorced their husbands, he withheld from Christ’s speech a mention of this case, which the Evangelist Matthew does not mention. In general, the Evangelist Mark had general Christian interests in mind, and therefore his instructions almost always have a more general application. Mark 10:13 They brought children to Him so that He could touch them; The disciples did not allow those who brought them. Mark 10:14. Seeing this, Jesus was indignant and said to them: Let the little children come to Me and do not hinder them, for to such is the Kingdom of God. Mark 10:15. Truly I say to you, whoever does not receive the Kingdom of God like a child will not enter it. Mark 10:16. And he embraced them, laid his hands on them and blessed them. Evangelist Mark says that children were “brought” to Christ. This indicates that by “children” he means infants at a very early age. From the “touch” of Christ, the children, according to the belief of those who brought them, were supposed to receive health (cf. Mark 1:41, 3:10). Christ was “indignant” at the disciples because they did not understand that children should not be excluded from the membership of the Kingdom of God. “Whoever does not accept the Kingdom of God as a child,” i.e. who will not now accept the sermon about the coming Kingdom with childish credulity, who will not believe with all his heart in Christ. “He will not enter it,” i.e. to the future glorious Kingdom of God, which will open at the end of time. “And, having embraced them...” More correctly: He took them in His arms, laid His hands on others and blessed them. From ancient times this place was rightly recognized as the main point in the evidence given in favor of the custom of baptizing infants. Mark 10:17 When He set out on the road, someone ran up, fell on his knees before Him and asked Him: Good Teacher! What must I do to inherit eternal life? Mark 10:18. Jesus said to him: Why do you call Me good? No one is good except God alone. Mark 10:19. You know the commandments: do not commit adultery, do not kill, do not steal, do not bear false witness, do not offend, honor your father and mother. Mark 10:20. He answered and said to Him: Teacher! I have kept all this from my youth. Mark 10:21. Jesus, looking at him, loved him and said to him: you lack one thing: go, sell everything that you have and give to the poor, and you will have treasure in heaven; and come, follow Me, taking up the cross. Mark 10:22. He, embarrassed by this word, went away sad, because he had great property. Mark 10:23. And, looking around, Jesus said to His disciples: how difficult it is for those who have wealth to enter the Kingdom of God! Mark 10:24. The disciples were horrified at His words. But Jesus answers them again: children! How difficult it is for those who hope for wealth to enter the Kingdom of God! Mark 10:25. It is easier for a camel to go through the eye of a needle than for a rich man to enter the Kingdom of God. Mark 10:26. They were extremely amazed and said to each other: who can be saved? Mark 10:27. Jesus, looking at them, says: This is impossible with men, but not with God, for all things are possible with God. Evangelist Mark in this section complements Matthew's story. He reports that “someone” (in Matthew – “a young man”) ran up to Christ and fell on his knees before Him, thereby testifying to his sincere desire to learn from Christ the whole truth on the issue that occupied him and about his trust in Christ. “Do not offend” (verse 19). This expression, in all likelihood, briefly represents the content of the 10th commandment, which deals with various offenses caused by people to their neighbors. “Looking at him, he loved him” (verse 21). Christ was pleased with the thirst with which the young man strove to achieve the truth, his desire to look into the depths of the law, not limited to its external, literal fulfillment. “You are missing one thing.” Why? By this “one” we cannot understand what Christ lists further: selling property, giving to the poor and following Christ, because these are not one, but three things. According to the context of the speech, it is best to see here the designation of repentance or turning, like a child, to Christ. "Taking up the cross". Wed. Mark 8:34, however, this expression is not found in the best codes. “How difficult it is for those who hope for riches...” (verse 24). The best codes do not contain the words “hoping for wealth” (Tischendorf, 8th ed.). The Lord says that access to the Kingdom of Heaven is generally difficult. Mark 10:28 And Peter began to say to Him: Behold, we have left everything and followed You. Mark 10:29. Jesus answered and said, “Truly I say to you, there is no one who has left house, or brothers, or sisters, or father, or mother, or wife, or children, or lands, for My sake and the gospel’s sake, Mark 10:30. and now, in this time, in the midst of persecution, I would not have received a hundred times more houses, and brothers and sisters, and fathers, and mothers, and children, and lands, and in the age to come, eternal life. Mark 10:31. But many who are first will be last, and those who are last will be first. Evangelist Mark more precisely defines the reward awaiting the faithful followers of Christ. He says that this reward is twofold - temporary and eternal (Matthew speaks only of the “eternal” reward, in the future life). Here the believer will receive a hundred times more than all that he gave up for the sake of Christ, and there, beyond the grave, eternal life or eternal bliss. Of course, under new “houses”, “fathers”, “brothers”, etc. one needs to understand the spiritual benefits and connections that those who follow Christ and, for this purpose, break ties with their relatives according to the flesh, find in a new life. However, Christ adds that Christians at the same time must endure persecution (“in the midst of persecution”); they will not be delivered from the persecution of enemies in this age (ἐν τῷ καιρῷ τούτῳ). In the mention of receiving rewards on earth, there is no mention of compensation for separation from the “wife.” Blessed Theophylact reports that the wicked Julian deliberately inserted such a mention here, as if accusing Christians of the fact that they can, according to the teaching of their Savior, have as many wives as they want, having parted with the wives they had as pagans. The Lord thus deliberately did not mention or repeat this expression “wife” in the promise of the reward. About the fulfillment of Christ's prophecy regarding earthly rewards for a follower of Christ, you can read Acts 2:44 et seq.; Acts 4:32, 37; Rom.16:13; 1 Timothy 5:2 and in other places of the apostolic epistles, where, for example, it is recommended to honor elders as fathers, old women as mothers, etc. Mark 10:32 While they were on the way, going up to Jerusalem, Jesus walked ahead of them, and they were terrified and, following Him, were in fear. Calling the twelve, He again began to tell them about what would happen to Him: Mark 10:33 Behold, we are going up to Jerusalem, and the Son of Man will be delivered over to the chief priests and scribes, and they will condemn Him to death and deliver Him to the Gentiles, Mark 10:34 And they will mock Him, and beat Him, and spit on Him, and kill Him; and on the third day he will rise again. Evangelist Mark notes that when Christ and the apostles ascended to Jerusalem, where Christ was to taste martyrdom, Christ walked “ahead” of the apostles, as if encouraging them, and they were “horrified,” i.e. They were extremely amazed at His courage. “And following him they were in fear.” According to a better reading: and those who followed (οἱ ἀκολουθοῦντες), i.e. people who sympathized with Christ (not the apostles) and went with Him to Jerusalem. They were very afraid when they heard Christ speak about the death awaiting Him in Jerusalem. “They will spit on Him” - as a sign of contempt for Christ (Matthew 26:67). Mark 10:35 Then the sons of Zebedee, James and John, came up to Him and said: Teacher! We want You to do for us whatever we ask. Mark 10:36. He said to them: what do you want me to do to you? Mark 10:37. They said to Him: Let us sit at Your side, one on your right hand and the other on your left, in Your glory. Mark 10:38. But Jesus said to them, “You do not know what you are asking.” Can you drink the cup that I drink and be baptized with the baptism with which I am baptized? Mark 10:39. They answered: we can. Jesus said to them, “The cup that I drink you will drink, and with the baptism with which I am baptized you will be baptized.” Mark 10:40. but to let you sit on My right side and on My left does not depend on Me, but on whom it is prepared. Mark 10:41. And when the ten heard it, they began to be angry with James and John. Mark 10:42. Jesus called them and said to them, “You know that those who are considered princes of the nations rule over them, and their nobles rule over them. Mark 10:43. But let it not be like this among you: but whoever wants to be greater among you must be your servant; Mark 10:44. and whoever wants to be first among you must be a slave to all. Mark 10:45. For the Son of Man did not come to be served, but to serve and to give His soul as a ransom for many. Evangelist Mark says that the sons of Zebedee themselves turned to Christ with a request. By this he explains that their mother’s request, which the Evangelist Matthew speaks about, was caused by the suggestion of James and John, who themselves were embarrassed to directly turn to Christ. “In Your glory” (verse 37; see Matt. 19:28) Mark 10:46 They come to Jericho. And when He was leaving Jericho with His disciples and a multitude of people, Bartimaeus, the son of Timaeus, sat blind by the roadside, begging for alms. Mark 10:47. Hearing that it was Jesus of Nazareth, he began to shout and say: Jesus, Son of David! have mercy on me. Mark 10:48. Many people forced him to remain silent; but he began to shout even more: Son of David! have mercy on me. Mark 10:49. Jesus stopped and told him to call him. They call the blind man and tell him: don’t be afraid, get up, he’s calling you. Mark 10:50. He took off his outer garment, stood up and came to Jesus. Mark 10:51. Answering him, Jesus asked: What do you want from Me? The blind man said to Him: Teacher! so that I can see the light. Mark 10:52. Jesus said to him: Go, your faith has saved you. And he immediately received his sight and followed Jesus along the road. Evangelist Mark mentions only one blind man, and Matthew mentions two. Perhaps Mark only mentioned the one of the two that was better known in the Christian Church. That is why he probably calls him by his name - Bartimaeus. It can be assumed that this name was made up of two words: the Aramaic “var”, which means “son”, and the Greek “Timaeus” - an abbreviation of the name Timothy. The Evangelist Mark himself translates this name as meaning “son of Timaeus.” “He took off his robe” (verse 50). Outer clothing, a rather wide cloak, prevented the blind man from running to Christ. "Teacher" ("Rabbuni"). The blind man uses an expression that in ancient Hebrew literature had a particularly high meaning and was almost always applied only to God. “Your faith has saved you” (verse 52; cf. Mark 5:34; Matt 15:28). You might be interested in: