Forgotten manuscripts of St. Tikhon of Zadonsk

(to the history of the newly acquired manuscript fund) The article for the first time examines the history of the main part of the manuscript heritage of St. Tikhon of Zadonsky, the history of the publication of his works is clarified. A number of new results are formulated: 1) some editions of St. Tikhon 1783, 1803, his 1st complete collected works and 1st biography of 1794 are overlooked by researchers; 2) Metropolitan Gabriel (Petrov) was the probable editor of the “Instruction on the duties of every Christian”; 3) 1803 is important for clarifying the periods of publication of the works of St. Tikhon; 4) manuscripts of St. Tikhon from Fund 609 NIOR RSL there is a completely preserved collection of I.D. Berdnikov, considered lost; 5) 10 manuscripts go back to the 1st collection of manuscripts prepared by the saint himself; 6) all 9 manuscripts of the Usman monastery have been preserved; 7) the manuscripts are mainly autographs or verified by St. Tikhon texts and have a high degree of authenticity; 8) letters No. 2–5 constituted a single collection “On Faith” and were the 2nd part of the lost collection “On the Truth of the Gospel Teaching and on Faith”; 9) manuscript NIOR RSL F. 609, volume 1, unit. 04 contains a unique draft of § 419‒427 “On True Christianity”, most of the draft has not been deciphered and is not known to specialists; 10) the text of the essay “Spiritual Treasure Collected from the World” has been preserved in two unique copies: the original 1779 – NIOR RSL F. 609, k. 2, unit. 05, 06, 07, 08 (Codes No. 5, 6, 7, 8) and a very early copy of 1781 - RGADA, F. 357. Inventory 1. P. 196. No. 105; P. 197. No. 106; 11) shows by examples the inaccuracy of both the earliest and updated editions of the works of St. Tikhon; 12) the conclusion is formulated that the acquired manuscript collection allows us to study the work of St. Tikhon to a whole new level. Keywords: St. Tikhon of Zadonsky, Metropolitan Evgeniy (Bolkhovitinov) Metropolitan. Gabriel (Petrov), I. D. Berdnikov, Ivan Efimov, textual criticism, manuscripts, letters, sermons, biography, Usman Sophia Monastery, Rumyantsev Museum, RSL, RGADA. Hieromonk Gabriel (Melnikov Denis Valerievich) – candidate of theology, doctoral student at the All-Church Postgraduate and Doctoral Studies named after Sts. Cyril and Methodius, cleric of the Zadonsk Nativity of the Theotokos Monastery, senior lecturer at the Lipetsk State Pedagogical University named after P. P. Semenov-Tyan-Shansky (gavriil48@gmail.com). Saint Tikhon of Zadonsk (1724 – 08/13/1783), long before his canonization (1861), became one of the most revered righteous people and the most read spiritual writers in Russia. Complete Works (PSS) of St. Tikhon went through eight editions in the 125 years after the death of the saint (1783‒1908). The 1st edition of the PSS (St. Petersburg, 1801, in 15 volumes) is missed by all researchers of the work of St. Tikhon 2, probably because it was created mainly from unsold second editions of his works by replacing title pages, but this edition was known to Soviet bibliographers 3. The 2nd edition of the PSS (St. Petersburg, 1825–25, in 15 volumes) was prepared by Metropolitan. Evgeniy Bolkhovitinov, an outstanding scientist, compiler of the first detailed (although not the first 4) biography of St. Tikhon (1st edition - 1796) 5. On the title pages this edition of the PSS is clearly called the second, although V.V. Litvinov, compiler of the bibliographic list of the works of St. Tikhon, mistakenly corrects this “inaccuracy” 6, and after him all specialists in the work of St. are mistaken. Tikhon. The 3rd (M., 1834‒1837 7) and 4th (M., 1860) editions repeated the 2nd edition of Metropolitan Eugene. The 5th edition (M., 1875, in 5 volumes, prepared by I.D. Berdnikov) was fundamentally new, and will be discussed soon. This edition was repeated as the 6th (M., 1889 8) and 7th (M., 1898‒1899) editions (the text of the last edition has been cleared of some inaccuracies, divided into 9 paragraphs and is more convenient to read). The 1875 edition, repeated in 1889, will henceforth be called simply “Creations.” 8th edition (St. Petersburg, 1907‒1908) carried out by P.P. Soykin 10 in 14 books or in 4 volumes as a free supplement to the magazine “Russian Pilgrim” 11. This edition builds on the 1875 edition (or its reprints) as it contains, for example, a section on “Letters 1764‒1768,” which does not appear anywhere before the 1875 edition. Probably, it is precisely this demand and internal merits of the works of St. Tikhon prompted the Synod to begin a revised and expanded edition of the saint’s works. This task, on behalf of the director of the Moscow Synodal Printing House N.P. Gilyarov-Platonov, was solved (from about 1865 12) by I.D. Berdnikov 13, assistant curator of manuscripts at the Rumyantsev Public Museum (now the RSL). It is a fair judgment that “to all who cherish the memory of St. Tikhon, the name of Ivan Dimitirievich Berdnikov, who spent five years 14 and a lot of personal funds in order to collect all the manuscripts and first editions of the saint’s works known at that time, should also be dear and give the publication scientific validity and reliability” 15. The works of the Holy Father were checked by him with the manuscripts, arranged chronologically, and 27 new works 16 not previously published were added. This is how the 1875 edition came into being. On the basis of what manuscripts did I. D. Berdnikov clarify the text of the works of St. Tikhon? On January 29, 1782, a year and a little over seven months before his death, Saint Tikhon drew up a will, and on May 26 of the same year he wrote a report to the Synod, where he repeated almost verbatim what was said in the will: “I leave behind me works suitable for the benefit of my soul, in which I, according to my strength and ability, having fallen behind the work of the diocesan and living in solitude, worked, namely 1) “On Christianity” in six volumes; 2) “Letters sent” in one volume; 3) “Cell Letters” in one volume; 4) “On the truth of the Gospel teaching and faith” in one volume; 5) “Christian Instructions” in one volume; 6) “Spiritual Treasure, Gathered from the World” in four volumes; 7) “Brief moralizing words” in one volume; 8) “Sermons of the Diocesan Works” in one volume. I present all this to your Holiness for your convenience, and I have instructed my cell servant Ivan Efimov to deliver them to your Holiness” 17. So the saint himself formed the 1st corpus of his creations, which included 16 codes. Immediately after the burial of the saint of God, his cell attendant and relative Ivan Efimov 18 presented the indicated volumes to the Synod (August - September 1783). The codes are bound and archived. But already on October 25, 1783, I. Efimov submitted a petition to the Synod for permission to print “short moralizing words” of the saint. Based on the positive feedback from Metropolitan. Gabriel (Petrov) about the “moralizing words of Tikhon”, the Synod issues a manuscript and the text is published 19. The first to be published was “Christian Instruction.” This is the very first printed edition of the saint, published in the coming months after his death: November - December 1783, the only publication published in the year of the saint's death. It was not known to any of the researchers of St. Tikhon, but familiar to Soviet bibliographers 20. Already on January 26, 1784, the tireless Ivan Efimov submitted a second petition to the Synod with a request to give him all the remaining codes for printing. The works checked by censors were issued and soon published one after another. In 1784‒75 Ivan Efimov published all 16 manuscripts mentioned in the saint’s will (“On the Truth of the Gospel Teaching” was published with “Sermons of the Diocesan Works” as part of “Miscellaneous Sermons”; the fate and composition of the essay “On Faith” from the collection “On the Truth of the Gospel Teaching and Faith” is not clear, to which we will return). May 14, 1787 Synod at the proposal of Metropolitan. Gabriel (Petrov) decided to re-print “Christian Instruction” and “Short Moral Words” “with amendments by Metropolitan Gabriel himself” 21 . In 1788, the first edition of the new book “Instruction on Every Christian’s Own Duties” (in Slavic font) was published in St. Petersburg, combining “Christian Instruction” and “Brief Moral Words” with some rearrangements and additions from other works of the saint. Thus, it was Met. Gabriel took the initiative to publish and, probably, the final edition of this most important book, which went through a huge number of editions 22, and perhaps the idea to make it the second book for reading in the church to the people, provided for by the Spiritual Regulations of 1721 23 In 1794‒1803 works of St. Tikhon was published a second time; in 1803, the second edition of “Miscellaneous Letters” was published - a publication overlooked by researchers of the work of St. Tikhon, but known to I. D. Berdnikov 24. This publication, which was not included in the first PSS of 1801, completed the second cycle of publications prepared by I. Efimov based on the first collection of 16 manuscripts. This fact allows us to clarify the periodization of editions of the works of St. Tikhon: 1783‒1803 – period of I. Efimov; 1803‒1875 - Metropolitan Evgenia Bolkhovitinova; from 1875 to the present day - I.D. Berdnikova. And the further history of the manuscripts is as follows: by the end of September 1797, Ivan Efimov was already in the monastic rank, since Evfimy Bolkhovitinov (the future Metropolitan Eugene) addressed him in letters: “September 21, 1797. Most honorable Father Tikhon, beloved brother in Christ! …I am Your Reverence’s humble servant E. Bolkhovitinov”; "November 18, 1797. Voronezh. Most Reverend Father Tikhon, beloved brother in Christ" 25. The addresses “Your Reverence” and “Most Reverend Father” are more appropriate for a hieromonk than for an ordinary monk. In 1800, Hieromonk Tikhon turned out to be a cleric of the Moscow Stavropegial Novospassky Monastery and was mentioned in connection with his transfer to the Usman Sophia Convent, located near the city of Usman, Tambov province, as its builder. Here about. Tikhon and died on October 31, 1812. It is not surprising that it was in the Usman Sophia Monastery that manuscripts and other relics that belonged to St. remained after him. Tikhon. From a letter from Zadonsky to Archimandrite. Demetrius to the abbess of the Usman Sophia Monastery Seraphim on July 29, 1861 (two weeks before the glorification of the saint!) we learn that at that time in the Usman Sophia Monastery “9 handwritten books of St. Tikhon, his private cell letters, a manuscript about the office of a Christian 26, written by the hand of the Saint himself” were kept 27. According to T.M. Oleinikov, in 1865 all manuscripts, except “On Repentance”, were transferred to I.D. Berdnikov. “After Berdnikov’s death, these manuscripts were lost and thus not returned to the monastery,” writes T. M. Oleinikov in 1911. 28 In 1911, in the Usman Sophia Monastery, we find only the manuscript “On Repentance,” containing quotations from the Holy Scriptures about repentance, at the end of the manuscript - in the hand of the saint, an order to send it to all the spiritual boards of the Voronezh diocese and a brief instruction to pastors on how to perform the sacrament of repentance. Here, too, the liturgical Apostle and Gospel were still preserved, at the beginning and end covered by the saint himself (apparently with quotes from St. John Chrysostom, Johann Arndt and some other authors) 29 . New information about the manuscripts of St. Tikhon appears in Appendix II to the dissertation “Sin and Virtue according to the Teachings of St. Tikhon of Zadonsk” by Hierarch. Nicholas (Pavlyk) (now abbot), protected by him in the MDA. The application shows that in the RSL there is fund 609 - “Foundation of St. Tikhon of Zadonsk” 30. In the sphere of scientific interest about. Nicholas (Pavlyk) was not involved in establishing the history of these manuscripts, but thanks to his help and the help of the staff of the Research Institute of the Russian State Library and the Trinity-Sergius Lavra and the servants of the Zadonsk Nativity of the Theotokos Monastery, where St. Tikhon spent the last 14 years of his life and now rests with his holy relics, the author of this article was given access to the manuscripts of our heavenly patron. Already at the initial acquaintance with the manuscripts, their use by I.D. becomes clear. Berdnikov. This fact is noted in the bibliographic descriptions accompanying each of the 15 storage units of Fund 609. I. D. Berdnikov’s notes run through all the manuscripts in a kind of through line. So, the manuscripts he collected were never lost; they remained in the Rumyantsev Museum, where he worked. The Rumyantsev Museum then became the basis of the State Library named after V.I. Lenin (now the Russian State Library), the manuscripts of St. Tikhon. Let's take a closer look at them. Codex No. 1 (NIOR RSL, F. 609, k. 1, unit 01), on the spine - “Words, letters of Bishop Tikhon”. I. D. Berdnikov prints (checks) exactly from this manuscript 16 works, referring to the corresponding sheets in notes No. 1, 6, 7, 11, 13, 19, 20 to volume I, No. 5, 7, 9, 22 to volume V of the Works of St. Tikhon and in addition No. 25 to the Notes of Ivan Efimov. The sheets of the manuscript mentioned by the publisher in these notes coincide with the sheet numbers in Codex No. 1. According to the testimony of I. D. Berdnikov in these notes, the manuscript belonged to the Usman Monastery. Four letters per sheet. 60-89 have triple numbering: notebook (1-4 notebooks), old sheet-by-sheet (21-50 sheets) and new sheet-by-sheet (60-89 sheets). These “letters sent” No. 2‒5 are small treatises on faith (“letter about faith” - fol. 21 (60), “second about that same time” - l. 36 (75) vol., “third about that same time” - l. 37 (76), “fourth about that same time” - fol. 46 (85). The notebook numbering shows that they probably constituted a special treatise Saint “On Faith” (notebooks 1–4) 31, together with the treatise “On the Truth of the Gospel Teaching,” they compiled a manuscript from among the 16 codes of the primary collection, where the lost 1–20 l. (in the old numbering) supposedly contained “On the Truth of the Gospel Teaching,” and 21–50 l. (old numbering) – four letters “On Faith,” included in Codex No. 1 as l. 60-89 (new numbering). (These letters No. 2-5 were hardly included in the primary collection “Letters Sent”, since then l. 1-20 of the old collection should have been occupied by letter 1, but it is not so large in volume as to occupy 20 l., rather l. 1-20 contained the essay “On Truth”. Gospel teaching"). In 1784, Ivan Efimov published “On the Truth of the Gospel Teaching” as part of “Miscellaneous Sermons” (note No. 6 to Volume V of Creations), and four letters about faith as part of “Letters Sent” as letters No. 2-5. Thus, for the first time we plausibly identify the treatise “On Faith” 32, indicated by the saint himself in his will, using the triple numbering of l. 60‒89 Code No. 1. Code No. 2 (NIOR RSL, F. 609, k. 1, unit 02) in 123 pages, dates back to July 1767 33, contains the work “Flesh and Spirit”. This manuscript is accurately (though not completely) described by I. D. Berdnikov in note No. 18 to volume I of the Saint’s Works. Based on this manuscript, the indicated work was printed/verified by I. D. Berdnikov. He notes that it also belonged to the Usman Sophia Monastery. The manuscript was not among the first 16 codes, since the text “Flesh and Spirit” was not mentioned either by the saint in his will of 1782, or by I. Efimov in his petition of 1784, was not published in 1783-1785, and was published for the first time in 1796. Thus, this manuscript came to the publisher after 1785, but before 1796 (in the manuscript there is an inscription: “From the books of Hieromonk Tikhon,” i.e. I. Efimov; there is a high probability that it was from it that the text was printed in 1796). This text was very carefully checked by the saint, about which I. D. Berdnikov makes a note in pencil on the sheet. 121. Code No. 3 (F. 609, k. 1, unit 03) contains a total of 329 l., of which 325 l. contain something written by the hand of St. Tikhon 5th article “On True Christianity”, § 359‒442 with the Conclusion of the article and correspond to p. 172‒337 Creations (1875). It is obvious that it is this “original No. 3” from the Usman Sophia Monastery that is described by I. D. Berdnikov in the notes to volumes II-III of the Works, since not only the number of sheets in the notes and in Codex No. 3 coincides, but we also find in the manuscript itself a postscript by I. D. Berdnikov: “v. III, p. 172‒337" (fol. II of the manuscript, where we also read the inscription by hand, probably by I. Efimov: "volume five of the second book about True Christianity"). So, we have one of the first 16 codes, which Efimov, in a petition to the Synod dated January 26, 1784, calls No. 5 “On the Christian office to oneself” (which corresponds to article 5 of the 2nd book “On True Christianity”). Both the number and contents of the volume in I.’s petition converge. Efimov and manuscripts, as well as the saint’s handwriting (the saint could hardly have written two copies of the extensive 5th volume “On True Christianity” with his own hand, and there was never any information about the existence of handwritten copies of “On True Christianity” 34, they simply did not exist). Codex No. 4 (F. 609, k. 1, unit 04) contains the seal “Library of the Sarov Desert” (fol. II, 1, 2), and on l. II, the outline of a human heart is drawn, inside which is the inscription: “This book of the own hand of the Right Reverend Tikhon, who rests in Zadonsk, belongs to the Venerable Father Arseny Hieromonk of Sarov as a sign of my zeal, asking for your prayers of the saints for me who suffers. E. b. March 1799 4 days.” This inscription is also given by I.D. Berdnikov (without mention of the outline of the heart) in note No. 30 to volume I of Creations. So, the publisher used this particular manuscript. It was undoubtedly one of the 16 primary ones (it is impossible to imagine two aphthographic copies of such a voluminous text, see above and note No. 34). Efimov mentions this code in the petition of 1784 under No. 6 as “On the Christian position towards one’s neighbor,” and, obviously, it should have contained not only the 6th article of the same name (very small in volume), but also the 7th and 8th articles “On true Christianity,” since he compiled the final code, according to which the 6th, 7th, 8th articles were published for the first time in 1875 as 6th volume of the work. However, now (as under I.D. Berdnikov) it contains only l. 1‒63 – 6th and 7th articles, § 443‒484 and the conclusion of the 7th article “On true Christianity” 35, which corresponds to p. 337‒370 of the Saint’s Works (I.D. Berdnikov refers to l. 1‒63 in the notes to volumes II‒III of the Creations). The conclusion of the 7th article is torn off inside paragraph 4 with the words “the son and daughter of their parents,” that is, the sentence is torn, the manuscript has not reached us in its entirety. The manuscript was supposed to contain another 8th article of the essay “On True Christianity,” but, alas, its text was for some reason separated from the surviving one and lost. Instead of the 8th article with the manuscript of the 6th and 7th articles of the work, another manuscript is combined into one codex. This is L. 64‒102, described by I. D. Berdnikov in note No. 30 to volume I of Creations. In fact, this is a draft of § 419‒427 of Article 5 “On True Christianity” 36. It is especially valuable since § 420–427 of the draft were not transcribed or published by anyone. L. 103‒104 – appendix, letter 32 of the saint (these sheets are described in note No. 7 to volume V of the Creations). Code No. 4, obviously, from Ivan Efimov (since he had all 6 codes “On True Christianity”) passed through an unknown path to a certain “E. b.”, and she presented it in 1799 to the hieromonk of the Sarov Monastery, from where it was received by I. D. Berdnikov. Codes No. 5, 6, 7, 8 (F. 609, k. 2, units 05, 06, 07, 08) contain a single work, “Spiritual Treasure Collected from the World,” written by the hand of Ivan Efimov, which is “divided into 4 bindings”; they are described by I. D. Berdnikov in the introduction note to volume ⅠⅤ of Creations. In strict accordance with this description, Code No. 5 (Articles 1–56 of the work) has 251 l. and the signature “Tikhon N (worthy) Bishop”; Code No. 6 (Articles 57‒107) has XXXII 37 + 195 l. 38 and the signature of the saint “Tikhon the Unworthy December 1778, 12 days”; Code No. 7 (Articles 108–127) has 212 l. and the signature in the hand of the saint “Tikhon Nedost: Bishop” and in the hand of Efimov “March 29 days 1779”. Code No. 8 (Articles 128–157) contains 161 l. and signed at the end “Tikhon N: Bishop” by the hand of the saint and Efimov: “November 1779, 19 days.” These manuscripts were thus also kept in the Usman Sophia Monastery. Here we have not a copy of the “Spiritual Treasure,” but the original 4 manuscripts, since the text shows primary versions being corrected “on the fly,” for example: in Codex No. 8, l. 51 rev. in the phrase “He must bear the heaviest cross,” the last three words were crossed out and instead of them “to be strong” was written, it turned out: “He must be strong,” which was included in all publications. The handwritten copy of this work (more precisely, parts 2, 3 and 4) is known to us only one, it belonged to the library of the Sarov Monastery since 1854, was not used by I. D. Berdnikov, but is very valuable, since it was made during the life of the saint in 1781, apparently from the original (from Codes No. 5-8). Now this copy is kept in the RGADA, F. 357. See: Inventory 1. P. 196, No. 105 39, P. 197, No. 106 40. No. 105 l. 1‒220 contain the 2nd volume of “Spiritual Treasures”, l. 221‒450 – 3rd volume, rewritten in 6 weeks and one day from November 4 to December 17, 1781 (see l. 450), No. 106 l. 9‒158 – 4th volume of “Spiritual Treasures”. Already in the 19th century. someone signed it in cursive on the page. 158: “On the original all four volumes, at the end, under each, the following is written: “Tikhon ned. Bishop 1779 November 19th day "", which is true, as we have seen, only for the 4th volume of the original (Code No. 8). The location of the 1st volume copy of “Spiritual Treasures” is unknown. Both the Usman original (1779) in the RSL and the Sarov manuscripts (1781) in the RGADA require careful study; we are not yet attempting to restore their fate. But we can say, as we have seen, that in the copy the 2nd and 3rd volumes are rewritten as a single codex, with one binding, the 4th volume is bound separately, both cardboard bindings are contemporary with the copy itself, the corners and spines are in leather, on the spines there is gold embossing: “Spiritual Treasure”. It can be assumed that St. Tikhon prepared for sending to the Synod and mentioned in the will “January 29th day 1782” 41 as “a spiritual treasure collected from the world in four volumes” is precisely the original, since the copy of 1781 already merged the 2nd and 3rd volumes into one codex. The copy, apparently, was made not for the Synod, but for the spiritual children of the saint; its codes were intertwined with love. Codex No. 9 (F. 609, k. 3, unit 09) contains “Cell Letters” from St. Tikhon, obviously, I. D. Berdnikov describes it in note No. 1 to volume V of Creations; he clearly indicates that the 88th sheet in the numbering is omitted, so the text occupies 236 sheets, although according to the numbering there are 237 sheets (the publisher also notes this fact in the margins of sheet 237). According to I. D. Berdnikov, this is the autograph of the saint from the Usman Sophia Monastery. There is no information about the existence of handwritten copies of this work; probably, this particular original was one of the first 16 manuscripts. Code No. 10 (F. 609, k. 3, unit 10) contains, as precisely described by I. D. Berdnikov in notes No. 2, 3 to volume V of the Creations, “Brief moralizing words” (l. 1‒102), “Christian Instructions” (“Christian Instruction”) (§ 1‒51, l. 103‒134) and its continuation (§54‒61) “Addition on the mutual Christian office” (l. 135‒185). L. 186‒191 contain § 453‒458 (§ 458 is just the beginning), l. 192‒193 – § 452 "On true Christianity." According to I.D. Berdnikov, this is the Usman manuscript. As we see from the Testament of the saint, these works were included in the first collection 16 as two separate volumes, but were probably bound into one volume back in 1783 before being deposited in the archives of the Synod. In Code No. 10, “Short moralizing words” are at the beginning, and “Christian Instruction” next, which explains how it could happen that I. Efimov asked for and received “short... words”, but published “Christian Instruction” first (see above); this at the same time proves that I. Efimov used precisely this codex, and not another copy, i.e. Codex No. 10 contains exactly two volumes from the first collection. The collection of letters (F. 609, k. 3, unit 11) with seals of the Sarov Monastery contains one letter to St. Tikhon and three letters from Bishop Tikhon (Yakubovsky), successor of St. Tikhon at the Voronezh See, to the Sarov elder Ephraim. From note No. 26 P.S. to volume I of the Works it is clear that I.D. Berdnikov used them (he mentions the saint’s signature “1767 February 13,” which we see in the original). The manuscript (F. 609, k. 3, unit 12) contains “Admonition to the residents of Voronezh about going to catechetical teaching”, 10 sheets, with 23 lines inscribed by the hand of St. Tikhon, which are accurately described in note No. 14 to volume V of the Works, the publisher printed the corresponding text on it, taking it from the Moscow diocesan library, where it was presented to St. Metropolitan Philaret of Moscow. The manuscript (F. 609, k. 3, unit 13) contains “A Homily on the Name Day of Empress Catherine,” 14 p. by the hand of Ivan Efimov with the saint’s notes are described in note No. 9 to volume V of the Works. The manuscript was donated by Metropolitan. Philaret of the Moscow Diocesan Library, from where it was taken by I. D. Berdnikov, and this sermon was published from it in Works. So, I. D. Berdnikov had 10 large codices with manuscripts of St. Tikhon. In the Usman Sophia Monastery he took 9 volumes, and in the Sarov Monastery - 1 volume (No. 4). But in the letter, Archim. Demetrius to Abbess Seraphima of Usmanskaya dated July 29, 1861, as we have seen, it was about 9 manuscripts 42, thus, not one of them was lost either by the publisher or after him. From the composition of the 10 large codices that I. D. Berdnikov had, one can also single out 10 manuscripts (sub-manuscripts), which, more or less likely, were included in the first collection of 16 manuscripts prepared by St. himself. Tikhon for the Synod. The manuscript “Flesh and Spirit” (created in Voronezh in 1767 and carefully checked by the saint there) apparently came to I. Efimov after 1785, but was published by him in 1796 and was not included in the first 16 manuscripts 43 . 6 codices from the primary collection have been lost: the first 4 volumes “On True Christianity”, the collections “Letters Sent” and “Sermons of the Diocesan Works”. It is possible that some of the works included there are contained in Codex No. 1 (for example, letters sent No. 11, 15, l. 110-117, 90-105), but it is not yet possible to determine this. So, we have a number of authentic texts of St. Tikhon of Zadonsk are either his autographs or copies carefully checked by himself; most of the manuscripts go back to the collection of 16 codes that the saint himself prepared for transmission to the Synod. Thus, we have a basis for clarifying the editions of St. Tikhon. But clarification is necessary. For example, the edition by I. D. Berdnikov, seemingly the most accurate, gives in § 420 “On True Christianity” the reading: “Every sorrow and adversity teaches us humility, patience, meekness and other good things.”44 However, the manuscript (Code No. 3, l. 209 vol.) gives an archaic reading: “Every sorrow and adversity teaches us humility, patience, meekness and other good things,” which is in accordance with the first edition of I. Efimov 45. However, the edition of I. Efimov does not always give the original text of the saint in Efimov in § 427: “What, then, are you talking about those Christians who suffer for evil deeds, who are robbers... and other villains?” 46, and in the manuscript: “What, are you talking about those Christians who suffer for evil deeds? what are robbers... and other villains" (Code No. 3, l. 250 vol.) - in the original the endings are archaic, the question mark is in a different place. Thus, the discovered manuscripts make it possible to restore a number of the saint’s texts in their original spelling and punctuation. I.D., who carried out a great deal of work. Berdnikov was not interested in philological accuracy, but in the completeness of the publication of the saint’s texts and their chronological ordering, but modern science places higher textual demands on the publication of the works of the Holy Fathers and other great authors of the past. Perhaps the discovery of manuscripts of St. Tikhon will open a qualitatively new stage in the publication of works and in the study of the work of the Holy Father, corresponding to modern models of philological and theological science. 1. NIOR RSL. Fund 609. St. Fund Tikhon of Zadonsky. 2. RGADA. Fund 357. Manuscript collection of the Sarov Hermitage (Sarov men's hermitage of the Temnikovsky district of the Tambov province) Inventory 1. P. 196‒198 // URL: http://rgada.info/opisi/357-opis_1/0214.jpg and further (access date: 10.10.2016). 3. RNL. General alphabetical catalog of books in Russian (1725‒1998). Separator Tikhomirova Sofya Mikhailovna. Specialist. in agriculture, card 431 // URL: http://www.nlr.ru/e-case3/sc2.php/web_gak/lc/99200/431 (access date: 10.10.2016); card 191–194 // URL: http://www.nlr.ru/e-case3/sc2.php/web_gak/lc/99200/191 et seq. (access date: 10.10.2016). 4. Tikhon (Sokolov Timofey Savelyevich, 1724‒1783) // Consolidated catalog of the Russian printed book of the civil press of the 18th century. 1725‒1800. Volume III: R‒Y. M.: Book, 1966. P. 223‒226. 5. “On True Christianity,” composed by Bishop. Voronezh and Yeletsky Tikhon... St. Petersburg: at Shnor, 1785. T. V. 390 p. 6. Creations like the saints of our Father Tikhon of Zadonsk. M.: Synodal Printing House, 1785. T. I‒III. 7. Creations like the saints of our Father Tikhon of Zadonsk. M.: Synodal Printing House, 1789 repr. Holy Dormition Pskov-Pechersky Monastery, 1994. T. I‒V. 8. Creations like the saints of our Father Tikhon of Zadonsk. M.: Synodal Printing House, 1798‒1799. T. I‒V. 9. Biographical information about I. D. Berdnikov URL: http://www.rmuseum.ru/data/authors/b/berdnikovid.php (access date: 09/19/2016). 10. Bolkhovitinov Evfimy, prot. A complete description of the life of His Eminence Tikhon, formerly Bishop of Kexholm and Ladoga and Vicar of Novgorod, and then Bishop of Voronezh and Yelets, collected from oral traditions and notes from obvious witnesses with some historical information relating to the Novgorod and Voronezh hierarchies, published especially for lovers and admirers of the memory of this Eminence V.S.P. P.P. E. Bolkhovitinov. St. Petersburg, 1796. 78 p. 11. Evgeny (Bolkhovitinov), Metropolitan. A description of the life and exploits of His Grace Tikhon, Bishop of Voronezh and Yelets, collected for lovers and admirers of the memory of this Right Reverend. Second edition, again revised, corrected and multiplied. M., 1820. 120 p. 12. John (Maslov), archimandrite. Saint Tikhon of Zadonsk and his teaching on salvation. M.: Samshit, 1995. 512 p. 13. Lebedev A., prot. Saint Tikhon of Zadonsk and the Wonderworker of All Russia. St. Petersburg, Typogr. magazine “The Wanderer”, 1865. 334 p. 14. Litvinov V.V. Bibliographic index of literature about St. Tikhon and a review of editions of his works // Voronezh antiquity. Issue 10. Publication of the Voronezh Church Historical and Archaeological Committee. Voronezh: typographical lithography of the “I. Kravtsov and K⁰", Bol. Yard st., Stol, 1911. P. 221‒273. 15. Nikolai (Pavlyk), priest. Sin and virtue according to the teachings of St. Tikhon of Zadonsk. 2nd ed., rev. and additional M.: Russian Chronograph, 2011. 368 p. 16. Oleinikov T. M. On the history of publishing the works and life of St. Tikhon (based on materials from the handwritten collection No. 1751 of the library of the Moscow Synodal Printing House) // Voronezh antiquity. Issue 11. 1912. pp. 174‒182. 17. Oleinikov T. M. Memory of St. Tikhon in the Usman Sophia Convent in the city of Usman, Tambov province. // Voronezh antiquity. Issue 10. 1911. pp. 213‒220. 18. Saint Tikhon of Zadonsk: Selected works, letters, materials. M.: Hieromonk Gabriel (Melʹnikov). Forgotten Manuscripts of St. Tikhon of Zadonsk (the history of a set of newly discovered archival documents). The author of this article considers the history of the literary corpus of St. Tikhon of Zadonsk and clarifies the dates of publication for this works. A number of new results are also presented by the author. First, he finds that some editions of the works of St. Tikhon published in 1783 and 1803, as well as the first edition of his collected works and his first vita published in 1794, have been ignored by researchers. Second, it is probable that Metropolitan Gabriel (Petrov) was the editor of the “Nastavleniya o sobstevennykh vsyakogo khristianina dolzhnostyakh” (“Treatise on the Responsibilities of Each Christian”). Third, the year 1803 is important in dating the publication of the works of St. Tikhon. Fourth, the manuscripts in Fund 609 at the Russian State Library are, in fact, the full collection of I. Berdnikov, which was thought to have been lost. Fifth, ten of these manuscripts are part of the first collection of manuscripts, prepared by the saint himself. Sixth, all nine manuscripts from Usman Monastery have been preserved. Seventh, these manuscripts are mostly autographs or texts studied by St. Tikhon, and so are authentic. Eighth, the letters #2–5 formed part of one collection “O vere” (“On Faith”) and the second part of the lost collection “Ob istine yevangelʹskogo ucheniya i o vere” (“On the Truth of the Teachings of the Gospel and on Faith”). Ninth, the mansucript RSL f. 609 k. 1 un. 4 contains a unique draft of paragraphs 419–427 of “O istinnom khristianstve” (“On True Christianity”), the majority of which has not been read by scholars. Tenth, the text of “Sokrovische dukhovnoye ot mira sobirayemoye” has been preserved in two unique copies: the original from 1779 (RSL f. 609, k. 2, un. 5–8) and a copy made in 1781 (RGADA f. 357, op. 1, p. 196, #105, p. 197, #106). Eleventh, the author shows examples of inaccuracies in the earliest and even the later editions of the works of St. Tikhon. Finally, the author concludes that the newly discovered collection of manuscripts allows us to better study the literary heritage of St. Tikhon of Zadonsk. Keywords: St. Tikhon of Zadonsk, St. Tychon of Zadonsk, Metropolitan Eugene (Bolkhovitinov), Metropolitan Gabriel (Petrov), Ivan Berdnikov, Ivan Efimov, textual criticism, manuscripts, letters, sermons, vita, Usman Sophia Monastery, Rumyantsev Museum, Russian State Library, Russian State Archive of Ancient Documents. Hieromonk Gabriel (Denis Valeriyevich Melʹnikov) – Candidate of Theology, graduate student at the Sts. Cyril and Methodius Institute for Postgraduate Students, a clergyman of the Zadonsk Nativity of the Theotokos Monastery, Senior Lecturer at Lipetsk State Pedagogical University (gavriil48@gmail.com). More precisely, for 107 years (1801 – 1st complete edition, 1908 – 8th). The first of the researchers of the work of St. Tikhon's attention was drawn to this omission by the book lover A.V. Konyushenko from Voronezh, who suggested this point to the author of this article. Union catalog of Russian printed books of the civil press of the 18th century. 1725‒1800. Volume III: R‒Y. M.: Book, 1966. P. 223‒226. Tikhon (Sokolov Timofey Savelievich, 1724‒1783. The earliest “description of the life” of St. Tikhon was compiled by the abbot of the Zadonsk Monastery Timofey Sambikin and published in St. Petersburg in 1794, i.e. two years earlier than Archpriest. Evfimiy Bolkhovitinov (this fact is missed by researchers of the work of St. Tikhon), republished in Voronezh 1798, 1799, 1800. See: Consolidated catalog of Russian printed books of civil press of the 18th century. 1725‒1800. Volume III: R‒Y. P. 221. No. 7213‒7216. Reprints are sometimes mistakenly considered to be the works of the bishop. Tikhona Malinina. Bolkhovitinov Evfimy, prot. A complete description of the life of His Eminence Tikhon, formerly Bishop of Kexholm and Ladoga and Vicar of Novgorod, and then Bishop of Voronezh and Yelets, collected from oral traditions and notes from obvious witnesses with some historical information relating to the Novgorod and Voronezh hierarchies, published especially for lovers and admirers of the memory of this Eminence V.S.P. P.P. E. Bolkhovitinov. St. Petersburg, 1796. 78 p. Litvinov V.V. Bibliographic index of literature about St. Tikhon and a review of editions of his works // Voronezh antiquity. Issue 10. Publication of the Voronezh Church Historical and Archaeological Committee. Voronezh: typolithography t-va "I. Kravtsov and K⁰", Bol. Yard st., Stol, 1911. P. 262. In the collection of books by A.V. Konyushenko, volume 1 of this edition dates back to 1834. The 1889 edition was reproduced in 1994 by the Moscow metochion of the Holy Dormition Pskovo-Pechersk Monastery, but the 1994 edition omitted some pages with important bibliographic notes on individual works of the saint. Therefore, the page numbering is different and the references of Archimandrite John Maslov, a researcher of the work of St. Tikhon, who relied on this edition, “do not work” in the editions of 1875 and 1889 and in the reprint of 1994. A little earlier, in 1905‒1906, he published “On True Christianity” by Johann Arndt, which had a significant influence on St. Tikhon of Zadonsky. RNL 38.63.2.40 and 19.59.4.50 – I, 2. General alphabetical catalog of books in Russian (1725‒1998). Separator Tikhomirova Sofya Mikhailovna..., cards 191‒194 // URL: http://www.nlr.ru/ecase3/sc2.php/web_gak/lc/99200/ 191 (date of access: 10.10.2016) and further. Memory of St. Tikhon in the Usman Sophia Convent and in the city of Usman, Tambov province. // Voronezh antiquity. Issue 10. 1911. P. 215. Berdnikov Ivan Dmitriyevich. 09.19.1827 – 01.7.1880. Son of an archpriest. Candidate of the Moscow Theological Academy (1853). He served as a school inspector at the Moscow Synodal Choir. Until 1873 – a free worker at the Department of Manuscripts. From 1873 to 1879 – assistant curator of the Department of Manuscripts and Slavic Early Printed Books. Awarded the Order of St. Stanislaus III degree and St. Anne III degree. He was buried in the Danilov Monastery. See: Employees of the RSL. pp. 35‒36 // URL: http://www.rmuseum.ru/data/authors/b/berdnikovid.php (access date: 09.19.2016). Saint Tikhon of Zadonsk: Selected works, letters, materials. M.: PSTGU, 2004. P. 5. Note:* John (Maslov), archimandrite. Saint Tikhon of Zadonsk and his teaching on salvation. M.: Samshit, 1995. P. 153. See: Lebedev A., prot. Saint Tikhon of Zadonsk and the Wonderworker of All Russia. St. Petersburg, 1865. pp. 243‒244. Note 108: Case in the archives of the Holy Synod No. 417, 1783. Ivan Efimov was the son of Saint Tikhon’s nephew, Deacon Tolshevsko- of the monastery of Euthymius. See: Oleinikov T. On the history of the publication of the works and life of St. Tikhon // Voronezh antiquity. Issue 11. 1912. P. 174. Lebedev A., prot. Saint Tikhon of Zadonsk and the Wonderworker of All Russia... P. 244. See: Consolidated catalog of Russian printed books of civil press of the 18th century. 1725‒1800. Volume III: R‒Y. M.: Book, 1966. P. 223. No. 7235. A. V. Konyushenko was the first to draw attention to the fact that researchers of the work of St. Tikhon overlooks this edition of 1783. Indeed, it is not included in any bibliographic list of publications of St. Tikhon: neither V.V. Litinov nor the archimandrite knew. John (Maslov), nor the compiler of the book “St. Tikhon of Zadonsk: Selected works, letters, materials” (M.: PSTGU, 2004). On the history of the publication of the works and life of St. Tikhon (based on materials from the handwritten collection No. 1751 of the library of the Moscow Synodal Printing House) // Voronezh antiquity. Issue 11. 1912. P. 176. See: Works of Our Father Tikhon of Zadonsk. M., 1899. Notes to vol. V. S. II‒III. Bolkhovitinov Evfimy, prot. A complete description of the life of the Most Reverend Tikhon... 1796. P. 65‒67. RNB 18.84.5.23. See: General alphabetical catalog of books in Russian (1725‒1998). Separator Tikhomirova Sofya Mikhailovna. Specialist. in agricultural sciences, card 431 // URL: http://www.nlr.ru/e-case3/sc2.php/web_gak/lc/99200/431 (access date: 10.10.2016). Also: Creations, note to T. V. No. 7. Oleynikov T. M. On the history of publishing the works and life of St. Tikhon (based on materials from the handwritten collection No. 1751 of the library of the Moscow Synodal Printing House) // Voronezh antiquity. Issue 11. 1912. P. 177. We are talking about the 5th article of the 2nd book “On True Christianity”. Oleynikov T.M. Memory of St. Tikhon in the Usman Sophia Convent and in the city of Usman, Tambov province. // Voronezh antiquity. Issue 10. 1911. pp. 213‒215. Oleynikov T. M. Memory of St. Tikhon in the Usman Sophia Convent... P. 215. Nikolai (Pavlyk), priest. Sin and virtue according to the teachings of St. Tikhon of Zadonsk. 2nd ed., rev. and additional M.: Russian Chronograph, 2011. P. 212‒221. The fact that the “letters sent” No. 2–5 constituted a complete work is being clarified by us for the first time. This conclusion follows from the special notebook numbering made by the saint himself: letter 2 on the first sheet contains number 1 of the notebook numbering (fol. 60 of Code No. 1), i.e., it begins the first notebook of the work. This hypothesis was already approached by I.D. Berdnikov, in Code No. 1 l. 190 rev. to the words of the Testament of the saint, where the saint lists the manuscripts he prepared, above the words “On the truth of the Gospel teaching and on faith,” more precisely, above the word “about faith” by I.D. Berdnikov signs: “2nd letter to friends.” But he does not develop this idea anywhere later and does not consider the internal numbering of l. 60‒89, showing the unity of letters 2, 3, 4 and 5 and their inclusion as the second part in another early manuscript. This date is on l. II at the beginning of the manuscript. On l. 122 rev. attributed "from Dec: 10th to 31st days". I.D. Berdnikov writes in the notes to volumes II-III of Works about the essay “On True Christianity”: “the entire work was written by the saint in his own hand and was bound into 6 volumes.” O. Nikolai (Pavlyk) does not say that these texts are the 6th and 7th articles “On True Christianity,” although he precisely indicates on which pages of the Creations this is printed. Fr. Nicholas (Pavlyk) misses the fact that this is an unpublished draft of the saint, but identifies this text with a fragment of the final version of the work (i.e. with a fragment of the white paper). I–XXXII years. contain an unknown work “The Beginning of a Collection of Various Things”. Typo by Fr. Nicholas (Pavlyk). RGADA, F. 357. Inventory 1. P. 196, No. 105 // URL: http://rgada.info/opisi/357-opis_1/0214.jpg (access date 10.10.16). RGADA, F. 357. Inventory 1. P. 197, No. 106 // URL: http://rgada.info/opisi/357-opis_1/0215.jpg (access date 10.10.16). Code No. 1. RSL. F. 609. building 1, unit. 01, pp. 187 rev., 190 rev. The manuscript “On Repentance” apparently does not mention Archimandrite. Dmitry in a letter of 1861, either it came to Usman after 1865 (when the publisher took the manuscripts, and therefore was not included in the nine), or it was stored in Usman somewhere separately and was omitted as archim. Demetrius, and the publisher of the Works of St. Tikhon. “Flesh and Spirit” was published in St. Petersburg in 1784, but not by I. Efimov, but by P. Bogdanovich, without indicating the author and under a different title: “Tablets of moral teaching contained in the Ancient and New Testaments and in the traditions of the great universal teacher Saint Chrysostom: With the appendix of brief discussions on each subject.” According to the remark of Met. Evgeniy Bolokhovitinova, the publisher relied on a different manuscript of this work, not verified by the saint. See: Evgeny (Bolkhovitinov), Metropolitan. A description of the life and exploits of His Grace Tikhon... Bishop of Voronezh and Yelets, collected for lovers and admirers of the memory of this Right Reverend. Second edition, again revised, corrected and enlarged. M., 1820. P. 103‒104. Creations of Our Father Tikhon of Zadonsk. M., 1889. T. 3. P. 274. “On True Christianity,” composed by Bishop. Voronezh and Yeletsky Tikhon... St. Petersburg: at Shnor, 1785. T. 5. P. 239‒240.