Глава 28

1–5. About the contrasts between the righteous and the wicked (rapists). 6–12. Against the oppression of the poor and all lawlessness in general. 13–18. Against the secret service to the sin of violence, power and bloodthirstiness. 19–28. Against the passion for acquisition, violence, etc. Proverbs 28:1. The wicked flees when no one is pursuing him; but the righteous is bold like a lion. Proverbs 28:2. When a country deviates from the law, then there will be many leaders in it; and with a reasonable and knowledgeable husband, she will last long. Proverbs 28:3. A poor person who oppresses the weak is like a torrential rain that washes away bread. Proverbs 28:4. Those who break away from the law praise the wicked, but those who keep the law are indignant at them. Proverbs 28:5. Evil people do not understand justice, but those who seek the Lord understand everything. At the head of the image of the wicked and the righteous is the opposite mental state of both: the conscience of the wicked always torments him, pursues him in the absence of any external danger (v. 1a, cf. Lev. 26:36; Deut. 28.25). Art. 2. expresses the truth, empirically justified, for example, in the history of the kingdom of Israel and Judah, that the strength and prosperity of the state are possible only under the firm power of one legitimate king (as was the case in the kingdom of Judah), and not under a multitude of usurpers of royal power (in the kingdom of Israel). In Art. 3 the desire of the new people's leader to quickly enrich himself at the expense of the people is equated to the disastrous effect of torrential rain, from which in tropical countries usually extremely rapid streams are formed, which quickly then disappear and leave behind a disastrous drought. In Art. 4–5 there is a sharp contrast between the breakers and keepers of the law (cf. Isa 5.20). Proverbs 28:6. Better is the poor man who walks in integrity than the one who perverts his ways, even though he is rich. Proverbs 28:7. He who keeps the law is a wise son, but he who associates with wasteful people disgraces his father. Proverbs 28:8. He who increases his wealth with interest and gain will gather it for the benefactor of the poor. Proverbs 28:9. Whoever turns away his ear from hearing the law, his prayer is an abomination. Proverbs 28:10. He who seduces the righteous into the path of evil will himself fall into his own pit, but the blameless will inherit goodness. Proverbs 28:11. A rich man is a wise man in his own eyes, but a smart poor man will reprove him. Proverbs 28:12. When the righteous triumph, there is great glory, but when the wicked rise, people hide. Art. 6 repeats the thought of Proverbs 19.1; Art. 7 dn. Proverbs 23.20, 29.3; Art. 8 dn. Proverbs 13.22; Job 27.16–17; Art. 9 dn. Proverbs 15.8; Art. 10 dn. Proverbs 26.27; Art. 11 n. Proverbs 26.16. Thought Art. 12 about the beneficialness of the exaltation of the righteous and the destruction of the exaltation of sinners is repeated below Proverbs 29.2. Proverbs 28:13. He who hides his crimes will not succeed; and whoever confesses and leaves them will have mercy. Proverbs 28:14. Blessed is the man who is always in reverence; but whoever hardens his heart will fall into trouble. Proverbs 28:15. Like a roaring lion and a hungry bear, so is the wicked ruler over the poor people. Proverbs 28:16. A foolish ruler does a lot of oppression, but one who hates self-interest will prolong his days. Proverbs 28:17. A person guilty of shedding human blood will run to the grave so that no one will grab him. Proverbs 28:18. He who walks blamelessly will be unharmed; but he who walks on crooked paths will fall on one of them. In Art. 13 states the truth common to the Old and New Testaments (Ps 31.5; I John 1.9) that a person’s free, sincere confession of his sins brings him forgiveness of sins from God, while a person’s persistent concealment of his sins or non-recognition of them as such leads only to condemnation. Art. 14 expresses as an incentive to repentance and confession of sins before God - fear and reverence for God, fear of angering His justice by violating His will. Art. 15–16, as in Art. 2–3, speaks of negative and positive types of power bearers; It is obvious that here is no longer an ideal point of view on royal power, but borrowed from observations of experience. Art. 17–18 talk about an unclean, stained conscience and a clean, unblemished conscience, and about the different paths and destinies of both. Proverbs 28:19. He who tills his land will be satisfied with bread, but he who imitates the idle will be satisfied with poverty. Proverbs 28:20. A faithful man is rich in blessings, and he who hastens to become rich will not go unpunished. Proverbs 28:21. Being partial is not good: such a person will do a lie even for a piece of bread. Proverbs 28:22. An envious person rushes to wealth, and does not think that poverty will befall him. Proverbs 28:23. He who reproaches a person will later find greater affection than he who flatters with his tongue. Proverbs 28:24. He who robs his father and mother and says, “It is not a sin,” is an accomplice of the robbers. Proverbs 28:25. The arrogant one stirs up strife, but he who trusts in the Lord will prosper. Proverbs 28:26. He who trusts in himself is stupid; but whoever walks in wisdom will be safe. Proverbs 28:27. He who gives to the poor will not become poor; and whoever closes his eyes from it will have many curses. Proverbs 28:28. When the wicked rise, the people are hidden, and when they fall, the righteous increase. Proposed in Art. 19 The praise of work and the condemnation of idleness were already expressed in Proverbs 11:11. In Art. 20 praises the truth and justice of man and, in contrast, condemns man's excessive desire for quick enrichment, both in itself and because such a desire is usually combined with morally imperfect means of acquisition (cf. Proverbs 20.21, 21.5). Partiality in court has been condemned more than once before: Proverbs 18.5, 24.23, is also condemned here - Art. 21. Art. 22 completes what was said in v. 21, pointing out the consequences of an inordinate passion for acquisition. Specified in Art. 24 crime is branded as the most shameful, even in Proverbs 19.26, and especially in the words of the Savior (Matthew 15.5; Mark 7.11). Arrogance and self-confidence v. 25 – condemned back in Proverbs 21.4; n. Proverbs 13.10, 15.18, 24.22. Art. 26, in contrast, indicates wisdom in the absence of self-reliance and in hope in God. Art. 27 condemns lack of mercy towards the poor (cf. Deut. 15.7; 2 Cor. 9.9). Art. 28 repeats the thought of Art. 12. You might be interested in: