Глава 10

1–17. Истребление Ииуем ближайших потомков Ахава. 18–28. Истребление жрецов Ваала, капища его в Самарии и всех вообще остатков культа Ваала. 29–36. Ревность Ииуя по культе тельцов, суд Божий над домом Ииуя, начало сокращения пределов Израильского царства и смерть Ииуя. 2 Kings 10:1. У Ахава было семьдесят сыновей в Самарии. И написал Ииуй письма, и послал в Самарию к начальникам Изреельским, старейшинам и воспитателям детей Ахавовых, такого содержания: 2 Kings 10:2. когда придет это письмо к вам, то, так как у вас и сыновья господина вашего, у вас же и колесницы, и кони, и укрепленный город, и оружие, – 2 Kings 10:3. выберите лучшего и достойнейшего из сыновей государя своего, и посадите на престол отца его, и воюйте за дом государя своего. 2 Kings 10:4. Они испугались чрезвычайно и сказали: вот, два царя не устояли перед ним, как же нам устоять? 2 Kings 10:5. И послал начальствующий над домом царским , и градоначальник, и старейшины, и воспитатели к Ииую, сказать: мы рабы твои, и что скажешь нам, то и сделаем; мы никого не поставим царем, что угодно тебе, то и делай. 2 Kings 10:6. And he wrote a letter to them a second time like this: if you are mine and you obey my word, then take the heads of your sovereign’s sons and come to me tomorrow at this time in Jezreel. [Царских же сыновей было семьдесят человек; воспитывали их знатнейшие в городе.] 2 Kings 10:7. When the letter came to them, they took the king's sons and killed them—seventy men—and put their heads in baskets, and sent them to him to Jezreel. 2 Kings 10:8. И пришел посланный, и донес ему, и сказал: принесли головы сыновей царских. И сказал он: разложите их на две груды у входа в ворота, до утра. 2 Kings 10:9. Поутру он вышел, и стал, и сказал всему народу: вы невиновны. Вот я восстал против государя моего и умертвил его, а их всех кто убил? 2 Kings 10:10. Know now that not one word of the Lord will fall to the ground, which He spoke about the house of Ahab; Господь сделал то, что изрек чрез раба Своего Илию. 2 Kings 10:11. And Jehu slew all that remained of the house of Ahab in Jezreel, and all his nobles, and his relatives, and his priests, so that not one of him was left alive. Jehu’s cruel, wholesale extermination of not only all the relatives of the house of Ahab, but also all those close to him is partly explained in that general, hitherto maintained, custom of the East that the usurper of the throne mercilessly exterminates the entire male generation of the overthrown royal house (cf. Judges 9: 1 ff; 2 Kings 11: 1): 70 sons of Ahab (v. 1, 6) были именно все мужское потомство Ахава со включением внуков и проч. In the kingdom of Israel, with frequent revolutions, such bloody massacres were not uncommon. However, Jehu’s monstrous bloodthirstiness (v. 8) and his hypocritical attempt to deflect the murder of members of the royal house (v. 9) show that much in this case depended on Jehu’s personal qualities, his natural severity and cruelty. These qualities of Jehu explain the calculated nature of his actions, due to which he does not dare to directly attack Samaria, but first intimidates the elders and educators (Heb. omenim - “uncles”, cf. 2 Chronicles 11:23) of the royal children with a threateningly sarcastic letter (vv. 2-3), then with the next letter (vv. 6) требует от начальников и воспитателей собственноручного убийства членов дома Ахава, принесения голов убитых – обычных на Востоке трофеев ( 1Цар.17:54 ; 2Мак.15:30 ). Когда это было исполнено, Ииуй нашел нужным очиститься пред народом снятием с себя убийства родственников царя и вместе расположить народ к полному переходу на сторону Ииуя указанием на то, что падение дома Ахава есть исполнение грозного приговора Божия ( 3Цар.21:19 и д.); после чего совершил ещё ряд убийств (ст. 11) из доверенных лиц Иорама. 2 Kings 10:12. И встал, и пошел, и пришел в Самарию. Находясь на пути при Беф-Екеде пастушеском, 2 Kings 10:13. встретил Ииуй братьев Охозии, царя Иудейского, и сказал: кто вы? Они сказали: мы братья Охозии, идем узнать о здоровье сыновей царя и сыновей государыни. 2 Kings 10:14. И сказал он: возьмите их живых. И взяли их живых, и закололи их – сорок два человека, при колодезе Беф-Екеда, и не осталось из них ни одного. Теперь Ииуй беспрепятственно направляется в Самарию. Но на дороге туда в некоторой местности Беф-Екед (у LXX-ти: Βαιβακαθ , Vulg.: camera pastorum, ср. Onomast, 203), называемой пастушеским (вероятно, от бывших здесь загонов для скота), – совершил еще убийство 42 родственников Охозии иудейского (ср. 2Пар.22:8 ). 4Цар.10:15 . И поехал оттуда, и встретился с Ионадавом, сыном Рихавовым, шедшим навстречу ему, и приветствовал его, и сказал ему: расположено ли твое сердце так, как мое сердце к твоему сердцу? And Jonadab said: Yes. If so, then give me your hand. И подал он руку свою, и приподнял он его к себе в колесницу, 4Цар.10:16 . и сказал: поезжай со мною, и смотри на мою ревность о Господе. И посадили его в колесницу. 4Цар.10:17 . Прибыв в Самарию, он убил всех, остававшихся у Ахава в Самарии, так что совсем истребил его, по слову Господа, которое Он изрек Илии. Having then met the pious Jonadab the son of Rechab, known for his pious zeal for God and the ancient patriarchal simplicity of life (he was the ancestor of the famous Rechabites, who were a kind of Nazarenes, Jer. 35: 1-19), Jehu hastens to express his favor to him and show before the people that his own zeal for Jehovah is approved by such an authoritative person in the eyes of the people as the pious Jonadab; why he takes him on his chariot to enter the capital with him for the first time (cf. Blessed Theodoret, question 33). 2 Kings 10:18. And Jehu gathered all the people and said to them: Ahab served Baal little; Jehu will serve him more. 2 Kings 10:19. So call to me all the prophets of Baal, all his ministers and all his priests, so that no one will be absent, because I will have a great sacrifice for Baal. And anyone who does not appear will not remain alive. Jehu did this with a cunning intention to destroy the servants of Baal. 2 Kings 10:20. And Jehu said, Call a feast meeting for the sake of Baal. И провозгласили собрание . 2 Kings 10:21. And Jehu sent throughout all Israel, and all the servants of Baal came; there was not a single person left who would not come; и вошли в дом Ваалов, и наполнился дом Ваалов от края до края. 2 Kings 10:22. And he said to the keeper of the clothes: Bring clothes for all the servants of Baal. And he brought them clothes. 2 Kings 10:23. And Jehu entered into the house of Baal with Jonadab the son of Rechab, and said to the servants of Baal: Scout and see if any of the servants of the Lord are with you, since only the servants of Baal should be here. 2 Kings 10:24. And they began to make sacrifices and burnt offerings. And Jehu placed eighty men outside the house and said: The soul of the one from whom any of the people whom I give into your hands will be saved will take the place of the soul of the one who was saved. 2 Kings 10:25. When the burnt offering was over, Jehu said to the walkers and the leaders: go, beat them, so that not one escapes. And they were struck with the edge of the sword, and the marchers and the captains abandoned them, and went to the city where the church of Baal was. 2 Kings 10:26. И вынесли статуи из капища Ваалова и сожгли их. 2 Kings 10:27. And they broke the statue of Baal, and destroyed the church of Baal; and they made it a place of uncleanness until this day. 2 Kings 10:28. And Jehu destroyed Baal from the land of Israel. Now Jehu commits an act of zeal for Jehovah by destroying the priests, churches and statues of Baal and desecrating his cult (cf. Blessed Theodoret, question 34); His cunning here succeeds all the more easily because the people probably looked at Jehu only as a usurper of the throne, and not as a religious reformer, from Art. 22 it is clear that the priests of Baal were given special clothes. 2 Kings 10:29. However, from the sins of Jeroboam, the son of Nebat, who led Israel into sin, Jehu did not retreat from them - from the golden calves that are in Bethel and those in Dan. 2 Kings 10:30. And the Lord said to Jehu, Because thou hast willingly done that which was right in my sight, and hast done unto the house of Ahab all that was in my heart, thy sons unto the fourth generation shall sit upon the throne of Israel. 2 Kings 10:31. But Jehu did not try to walk in the law of the Lord God of Israel with all his heart. He did not turn away from the sins of Jeroboam, who caused Israel to sin. 2 Kings 10:32. In those days the Lord began to cut off parts of the Israelites, and Hazael smote them throughout all the borders of Israel, 2 Kings 10:33. East of Jordan, all the land of Gilead, the tribe of Gad, Reuben, Manasseh, beginning from Aroer, which is by the brook Arnon, and Gilead and Bashan. 2 Kings 10:34. The rest of Jehu and all that he did and his courageous exploits was written in the chronicles of the kings of Israel. 2 Kings 10:35. And Jehu slept with his fathers, and they buried him in Samaria. And Jehoahaz his son reigned in his stead. 2 Kings 10:36. Now the time of Jehu's reign over Israel in Samaria was twenty-eight years. Jehu's zeal for Jehovah did not go further than the overthrow of the cult of Baal. Then he focused on the political-religious cult of the bulls, common to all the kings of the kingdom of Israel, which was intended to prevent the merger of the kingdom of Israel with the Judah, but in fact only served to destroy the first kingdom, which began under Jehu himself, when the best eastern provinces of the kingdom of Israel were cut off by Hazael of Syria (verses 32-33). After the 28-year reign of Jehu and his death, his son Jehoahaz ascended the throne (verse 35). You might be interested in: