Глава 14

Prohibition of cutting on the body and cutting of hair as a sign of mourning, according to the custom of the pagans. – Repetition of the law regarding clean and unclean animals. About the second tithe. Deut.14:1. You are the sons of the Lord your God; You shall not make any cuts on your body or cut off the hair above your eyes for the dead; Deut.14:2. For you are a holy people to the Lord your God, and the Lord has chosen you to be His own people out of all the nations that are on the earth. Lev.19:27–28, 21:5. It is forbidden to make cuts on the body and cut off hair as a sign of grief for the dead, as the pagans did (Blessed Theod., Commentary on the book Deuteronomy 13), for example, the pagan Arabs did this in honor of the god Orotal. They talk about shaving hair and making cuts as a sign of mourning: Herodotus 3:8, Cicero (De legib. 2:25), etc. From 1 Kings 18.28 we learn that the priests of Baal had the custom of making cuts on the body as a sign of intense sadness and intense prayer. Deut.14:3. Don't eat any nasty stuff. Deut.14:4. These are the livestock you may eat: oxen, sheep, goats, Deut.14:5. deer and chamois, and buffalo, and fallow deer, and bison, and oryx, and camelopard. Deut.14:6. Any cattle that has cloven hooves and a deep cut in both hooves, and that chews the cud, you shall eat; Deut.14:7. Just do not eat these from those that chew the cud and have cloven hooves with a deep cut: camel, hare and jerboa, because although they chew the cud, their hooves are not cloven: they are unclean for you; Deut.14:8. and a pig, because its hoofs are cloven, but does not chew the cud: it is unclean to you; do not eat their meat, and do not touch their corpses. Deut.14:9. Of all the animals that are in the water, eat all that have feathers and scales; Deut.14:10. But all those that do not have feathers and scales, you must not eat: it is unclean for you. Deut.14:11. Eat every clean bird; Deut.14:12. but these you must not eat from them: the eagle, the vulture, and the sea eagle, Deut.14:13. and the kite, and the falcon, and the gyrfalcon with their kind, Deut.14:14. and every raven with his kind, Deut.14:15. and the ostrich, and the owl, and the seagull, and the hawk with its kind, Deut.14:16. and the owl, and the ibis, and the swan, Deut.14:17. and pelican, and vulture, and fisherman, Deut.14:18. and herons, and zoya with his kind, and hoopoe, and bat. Deut.14:19. All winged reptiles are unclean for you; do not eat [them]. Deut.14:20. Eat every clean bird. Wed. Lev.11.5 Oryx (Deut. 14.5) is a genus of antelope. Camelopard - giraffe. Deut.14:21. Do not eat any carrion; Give it to the foreigner who comes into your towns, let him eat it, or sell it to him, for you are a holy people to the Lord your God. Do not boil a kid in its mother's milk. Wed. Lev.17:15, 22:8. Compared to Lev.18.15, Deut. 14.21 allows some leniency only in relation to the “foreigner who happens to be in the dwellings of Israel” and who does not belong to the “holy” members of God’s chosen community. The expression “do not boil a kid in its mother’s milk” (cf. Exodus 23.19) can be compared with the expressions: “you shall not slaughter a cow or a sheep on the same day as their offspring” (Lev.22.28); “If you come across a bird’s nest, and the mother is sitting on the chicks or on the eggs, then do not take the mother with the children” (Deut. 22.6). Taken together with other points (“do not plow with an ox and a donkey together,” Deut. 22.10; “do not muzzle an ox when it threshes,” Deut. 25.4, etc.), they characterize the humane attitude of the Mosaic legislation even towards living creatures not gifted with high spiritual powers that serve for the benefit of man. Deut.14:22. Set aside tithes from all the produce of your seed that comes from [your] field every year, Deut.14:23. and eat before the Lord your God in the place that He chooses for His name to dwell there; [shall bring] the tithe of your bread, your wine, and your oil, and the firstborn of your herds and your flocks, that you may learn to fear the Lord your God always. Deut.14:24. But if the road is long for you, so that you cannot bear it, because the place is far from you that the Lord your God will choose to put His name there, and the Lord your God has blessed you, Deut.14:25. then exchange it for silver, and take the silver in your hand, and come to the place that the Lord your God will choose; Deut.14:26. and buy with this money everything that your soul desires, oxen, sheep, wine, strong drink, and everything that your soul requires of you; and eat there before the Lord your God, and rejoice, you and your family. Deut.14:27. And do not leave the Levite who is in your gates, for he has no part or inheritance with you. Deut.14:28. After three years have passed, you shall separate all the tithes of your produce that year and store it in your dwellings; Deut.14:29. And let the Levite, for he has no portion or inheritance with you, and the stranger, and the orphan, and the widow who are in your gates, come and eat and be satisfied, so that the Lord your God may bless you in all the work of your hands that you do. See example to Deut. 12.6–14, 17–19, 26–27. You might be interested in: